导读
Deferred Components,官网实现的Flutter代码动静下发的计划。本文次要介绍官网计划的实现细节,摸索在国内环境下应用Deferred Components,并且实现了最小验证demo。读罢本文,你就能够实现Dart文件级别代码的动静下发。
一、引言
Deferred Components是Flutter2.2推出的性能,依赖于Dart2.13新增的对Split AOT编译反对。将能够在运行时每一个可独自下载的Dart库、assets资源包称之为提早加载组件,即Deferred Components。Flutter代码编译后,所有的业务逻辑都会打包在libapp.so一个文件里。但如果应用了提早加载,便能够分拆为多个so文件,甚至一个Dart文件也能够编译成一个独自的so文件。
这样带来的益处是不言而喻的,能够将一些不罕用性能放到独自的so文件中,当用户应用时再去下载,能够大大降低安装包的大小,进步利用的下载转换率。另外,因为Flutter具备了运行时动静下发的能力,这让大家看到了实现Flutter热修复的另一种可能。截止目前来讲,官网的实现计划必须依赖Google Play,尽管也针对中国的开发者给出了不依赖Google Play的自定义计划,然而并没有给出实现细节,市面上也没有自定义实现的文章。本文会先简略介绍官网实现计划,并探索其细节,寻找自定义实现的思路,最终会实现一个最小Demo供大家参考。
二、官网实现计划探索
2.1 根本步骤
2.1.1.引入play core依赖。
dependencies { implementation "com.google.android.play:core:1.8.0"}
2.1.2.批改Application类的onCreate办法和attachBaseContext办法。
@Overrideprotected void onCreate(){ super.onCreate()// 负责deferred components的下载与装置 PlayStoreDeferredComponentManager deferredComponentManager = new PlayStoreDeferredComponentManager(this, null);FlutterInjector.setInstance(new FlutterInjector.Builder() .setDeferredComponentManager(deferredComponentManager).build());}@Overrideprotected void attachBaseContext(Context base) { super.attachBaseContext(base); // Emulates installation of future on demand modules using SplitCompat. SplitCompat.install(this);}
2.1.3.批改pubspec.yaml文件。
flutter: deferred-components:
2.1.4.在flutter工程里新增box.dart和some\_widgets.dart两个文件,DeferredBox就是要提早加载的控件,本例中box.dart被称为一个加载单元,即loading\_unit,每一个loading\_unit对应惟一的id,一个deferred component能够蕴含多个加载单元。记得这个概念,后续会用到。
// box.dartimport 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';/// A simple blue 30x30 box.class DeferredBox extends StatelessWidget { DeferredBox() {} @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Container( height: 30, width: 30, color: Colors.blue, ); }}
<!---->
import 'box.dart' deferred as box;class SomeWidget extends StatefulWidget { @override _SomeWidgetState createState() => _SomeWidgetState();}class _SomeWidgetState extends State<SomeWidget> { Future<void> _libraryFuture; @override void initState() { //只有调用了loadLibrary办法,才会去真正下载并装置deferred components. _libraryFuture = box.loadLibrary(); super.initState(); } @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return FutureBuilder<void>( future: _libraryFuture, builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<void> snapshot) { if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) { if (snapshot.hasError) { return Text('Error: ${snapshot.error}'); } return box.DeferredBox(); } return CircularProgressIndicator(); }, ); }}
2.1.5.而后在main.dart外面新增一个跳转到SomeWidget页面的按钮。
Navigator.push(context, MaterialPageRoute( builder: (context) { return const SomeWidget(); }, ));
2.1.6.terminal里运行 flutter build appbundle 命令。此时,gen\_snapshot不会立刻去编译app,而是先运行一个验证程序,目标是验证此工程是否合乎动静下发dart代码的格局,第一次构建时必定不会胜利,你只须要依照编译提醒去批改即可。当全副批改结束后,会失去最终的.aab类型的安装包。
以上便是官网实现计划的根本步骤,更多细节能够参考官网文档\
https://docs.flutter.dev/perf/deferred-components
2.2 本地验证
在将生成的aab安装包上传到Google Play上之前,最好先本地验证一下。
首先你须要下载bundletool,而后顺次运行下列命令就能够将aab装置包装在手机上进行最终的验证了。
java -jar bundletool.jar build-apks --bundle=<your_app_project_dir>/build/app/outputs/bundle/release/app-release.aab --output=<your_temp_dir>/app.apks --local-testingjava -jar bundletool.jar install-apks --apks=<your_temp_dir>/app.apks
2.3 loadLibrary()办法调用的生命周期
图1 官网实现计划介绍图
(起源:https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Deferred-Components)
从官网的实现计划中能够晓得,只有调用了loadLibrary办法后,才会去真正执行deferred components的下载与装置工作,当初着重看下此办法的生命周期。
调用完loadLibrary办法后,dart会在外部查问此加载单元的id,并将其始终向下传递,当达到jni层时,jni负责将此加载单元对应的deferred component的名字以及此加载单元id一块传递给\
PlayStoreDynamicFeatureManager,此类负责从Google Play Store服务器下载对应的Deferred Components并负责装置。装置实现后会逐层告诉,最终通知dart层,在下一帧渲染时展现动静下发的控件。
三、自定义实现
3.1 思路
梳理了loadLibrary办法调用的生命周期后,只须要本人实现一个类来代替\
PlayStoreDynamicFeatureManager的性能即可。在官网计划中具体负责实现PlayStoreDynamicFeatureManager性能的实体类是io.flutter.embedding.engine.deferredcomponents.PlayStoreDeferredComponentManager,其继承自DeferredComponentManager,剖析源码得悉,它最重要的两个办法是installDeferredComponent和loadDartLibrary。
- installDeferredComponent:这个办法次要负责component的下载与装置,下载安装实现后会调用loadLibrary办法,如果是asset-only component,那么也须要调用DeferredComponentChannel.completeInstallSuccess或者DeferredComponentChannel.completeInstallError办法。
<!---->
- loadDartLibrary:次要是负责找到so文件的地位,并调用FlutterJNI dlopen命令关上so文件,你能够间接传入apk的地位,flutterJNI会间接去apk里加载so,防止解决解压apk的逻辑。
那基本思路就有了,本人实现一个实体类,继承DeferredComponentManager,实现这两个办法即可。
3.2 代码实现
本例只是最小demo实现,cpu架构采纳arm64,且暂不思考asset-only类型的component。
3.2.1.新增\
CustomDeferredComponentsManager类,继承DeferredComponentManager。
3.2.2.实现installDeferredComponent办法,将so文件放到内部SdCard存储里,代码负责将其拷贝到利用的公有存储中,以此来模仿网络下载过程。代码如下:
@Overridepublic void installDeferredComponent(int loadingUnitId, String componentName) { String resolvedComponentName = componentName != null ? componentName : loadingUnitIdToComponentNames.get(loadingUnitId); if (resolvedComponentName == null) { Log.e(TAG, "Deferred component name was null and could not be resolved from loading unit id."); return; } // Handle a loading unit that is included in the base module that does not need download. if (resolvedComponentName.equals("") && loadingUnitId > 0) { // No need to load assets as base assets are already loaded. loadDartLibrary(loadingUnitId, resolvedComponentName); return; } //耗时操作,模仿网络申请去下载android module new Thread( () -> {//将so文件从内部存储挪动到外部公有存储中 boolean result = moveSoToPrivateDir(); if (result) { //模仿网络下载,增加2秒网络提早 new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).postDelayed( () -> { loadAssets(loadingUnitId, resolvedComponentName); loadDartLibrary(loadingUnitId, resolvedComponentName); if (channel != null) { channel.completeInstallSuccess(resolvedComponentName); } } , 2000); } else { new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post( () -> { Toast.makeText(context, "未在sd卡中找到so文件", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); if (channel != null) { channel.completeInstallError(resolvedComponentName, "未在sd卡中找到so文件"); } if (flutterJNI != null) { flutterJNI.deferredComponentInstallFailure(loadingUnitId, "未在sd卡中找到so文件", true); } } ); } } ).start(); }
3.2.3.实现loadDartLibrary办法,能够间接拷贝\
PlayStoreDeferredComponentManager类中的此办法,正文已加,其次要作用就是在外部公有存储中找到so文件,并调用FlutterJNI dlopen命令关上so文件。
@Override public void loadDartLibrary(int loadingUnitId, String componentName) { if (!verifyJNI()) { return; } // Loading unit must be specified and valid to load a dart library. //asset-only的component的unit id为-1,不须要加载so文件 if (loadingUnitId < 0) { return; } //拿到so的文件名字 String aotSharedLibraryName = loadingUnitIdToSharedLibraryNames.get(loadingUnitId); if (aotSharedLibraryName == null) { // If the filename is not specified, we use dart's loading unit naming convention. aotSharedLibraryName = flutterApplicationInfo.aotSharedLibraryName + "-" + loadingUnitId + ".part.so"; } //拿到反对的abi格局--arm64_v8a // Possible values: armeabi, armeabi-v7a, arm64-v8a, x86, x86_64, mips, mips64 String abi; if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) { abi = Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS[0]; } else { abi = Build.CPU_ABI; } String pathAbi = abi.replace("-", "_"); // abis are represented with underscores in paths. // TODO(garyq): Optimize this apk/file discovery process to use less i/o and be more // performant and robust. // Search directly in APKs first List<String> apkPaths = new ArrayList<>(); // If not found in APKs, we check in extracted native libs for the lib directly. List<String> soPaths = new ArrayList<>(); Queue<File> searchFiles = new LinkedList<>(); // Downloaded modules are stored here--下载的 modules 存储地位 searchFiles.add(context.getFilesDir()); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) { //第一次通过appbundle模式装置的split apks地位 // The initial installed apks are provided by `sourceDirs` in ApplicationInfo. // The jniLibs we want are in the splits not the baseDir. These // APKs are only searched as a fallback, as base libs generally do not need // to be fully path referenced. for (String path : context.getApplicationInfo().splitSourceDirs) { searchFiles.add(new File(path)); } } //查找apk和so文件 while (!searchFiles.isEmpty()) { File file = searchFiles.remove(); if (file != null && file.isDirectory() && file.listFiles() != null) { for (File f : file.listFiles()) { searchFiles.add(f); } continue; } String name = file.getName(); // Special case for "split_config" since android base module non-master apks are // initially installed with the "split_config" prefix/name. if (name.endsWith(".apk") && (name.startsWith(componentName) || name.startsWith("split_config")) && name.contains(pathAbi)) { apkPaths.add(file.getAbsolutePath()); continue; } if (name.equals(aotSharedLibraryName)) { soPaths.add(file.getAbsolutePath()); } } List<String> searchPaths = new ArrayList<>(); // Add the bare filename as the first search path. In some devices, the so // file can be dlopen-ed with just the file name. searchPaths.add(aotSharedLibraryName); for (String path : apkPaths) { searchPaths.add(path + "!lib/" + abi + "/" + aotSharedLibraryName); } for (String path : soPaths) { searchPaths.add(path); }//关上so文件 flutterJNI.loadDartDeferredLibrary(loadingUnitId, searchPaths.toArray(new String[searchPaths.size()])); }
3.2.4.批改Application的代码并删除\
com.google.android.play:core的依赖。
override fun onCreate() { super.onCreate() val deferredComponentManager = CustomDeferredComponentsManager(this, null) val injector = FlutterInjector.Builder().setDeferredComponentManager(deferredComponentManager).build() FlutterInjector.setInstance(injector)
至此,外围代码全副实现结束,其余细节代码能够见\
https://coding.jd.com/jd_logistic/deferred_component_demo/,...
3.3 本地验证
- 运行 flutter build appbundle --release --target-platform android-arm64 命令生成app-release.aab文件。
- .运行下列命令将app-release.aab解析出本地能够装置的apks文件:java -jar bundletool.jar build-apks --bundle=app-release.aab --output=app.apks --local-testing
- 解压上一步生成的app.apks文件,在加压后的app文件夹下找到splits/scoreComponent-arm64\_v8a\_2.apk,持续解压此apk文件,在生成的scoreComponent-arm64\_v8a\_2文件夹里找到lib/arm64-v8a/libapp.so-2.part.so 文件。
- 执行 java -jar bundletool.jar install-apks --apks=app.apks命令装置app.apks,此时关上装置后的app,点击首页右下角的按钮跳转到DeferredPage页面,此时页面不会胜利加载,并且会提醒你“未在sd卡中找到so文件”。
- 将第3步找到的lipase.so-2.part.so push到指定文件夹下,命令如下 adb push libapp.so-2.part.so /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.example.deferred\_official\_demo/files。重启app过程,并从新关上DeferredPage界面即可。
四、 总结
官网实现计划对国内的应用来讲,最大的限度无疑是Google Play,本文实现了一个脱离Google Play限度的最小demo,验证了deferred components在国内应用的可行性。
参考:
- https://docs.flutter.dev/perf/deferred-components
- https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Deferred-Components
作者:京东物流 沈亮堂
内容起源:京东云开发者社区