原因

Spring Cloud 作为微服务框架,工作当中必用。起因也很简略,Spring cloud 依靠Springboot,背靠Spring Framework,又有Eureka 和 Alibaba 两个大厂的反对,大多数的互联网公司会优先选择以此作为后端开发框架。微服务架构下每个服务都会有一个数据库,不同的数据库、不同的服务实例都会产生事务问题。

简述

微服务架构下的性能开发会遇到分布式事务问题,有2PC 3PC TCC等解决方案,基于性能思考,公司会思考应用Seata作为分布式事务解决方案,其中提供了基于2PC的AT模式、TCC模式、Saga模式等等,不过最罕用的还是AT模式,只须要一个GlobalTransaction注解即可,无业务侵入性。

引入Seata

  1. pom引入

         <dependency>         <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>     </dependency>
  2. 服务配置

    seata.enabled=falseseata.application-id=${spring.application.name}seata.tx-service-group=default_tx_groupseata.registry.type=nacosseata.registry.nacos.application=seata-serverseata.registry.nacos.server-addr=localhost:8848seata.registry.nacos.namespace=41eddc87-5fc2-4fdf-8d4f-e16118a143e0seata.registry.nacos.group=SEATA_GROUPseata.config.type=nacosseata.config.nacos.server-addr=localhost:8848seata.config.nacos.group=SEATA_GROUPseata.config.nacos.namespace=41eddc87-5fc2-4fdf-8d4f-e16118a143e0seata.config.nacos.data‐id=seataServer.properties
  3. nacos配置

    配置项内容
    Data IDservice.vgroupMapping.default_tx_group
    GroupSEATA_GROUP
    配置内容default
    //
    Data IDseataServer.properties
    GroupSEATA_GROUP
    配置内容default

    seataServer.properties 配置参考,不同手敲,文档中有脚本的执行形式,

    sh ${SEATAPATH}/script/config-center/nacos/nacos-config.sh -h localhost -p 8848 -g SEATA_GROUP -t 5a3c7d6c-f497-4d68-a71a-2e5e3340b3ca
  4. 性能上开启@GlobalTransaction 注解即可

SpringBoot 集成Seata

剖析Seata的集成形式,还是要从 spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata 开始,此maven依赖引入:

    <dependency>      <groupId>io.seata</groupId>      <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>      <version>1.3.0</version>      <scope>compile</scope>    </dependency>

Seata的集成逻辑在Seata-spring-boot-starter当中。以下是依赖源文件中的 spring.factories

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\io.seata.spring.boot.autoconfigure.SeataDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\io.seata.spring.boot.autoconfigure.SeataAutoConfiguration,\io.seata.spring.boot.autoconfigure.HttpAutoConfiguration,\io.seata.spring.boot.autoconfigure.SeataSagaAutoConfiguration

SeataAutoConfiguration

  1. 默认有maven依赖就会加载,能够通过配置敞开Seata: seata.enabled=false.
  2. 引入默认实现的FailureHandler。
  3. 引入 GlobalTransactionScanner。

GlobalTransactionScanner 实现了 InitializingBean ApplicationContextAware DisposableBean,在对应的Bean周期实现对Seata的操作,集成 AbstractAutoProxyCreator 实现Aop的逻辑,使得办法上标注@GlobalTransaction注解就能开启分布式事务性能。

  1. 实例化后执行客户端初始化 initClient,创立TM客户端 RM客户端
  2. Bean销毁时执行Seata扩大的销毁机制,能够触发TMClient RMClient 中的敞开办法调用。
  3. 重写的wrapIfNecessary()办法中实现代理类的创立。能够解决GlobalTransaction注解,也是剖析的入口。

初始化TM RM 客户端

初始化TM客户端,首先会创立一个 TmNettyRemotingClient 对象,创建对象须要一个线程池,能够通过参数配置线程池。初始化的逻辑比拟有意思,外面封装了Netty作为客户端连贯工具。
创立过程:

  1. 创立父类AbstractNettyRemotingClient

    1. 创立父类 AbstractNettyRemoting,将客户端的 messageExecutor 与Bean销毁关联。
    2. AbstractNettyRemotingClient 构造方法中创立一些要害对象
    3. 创立 NettyClientBootstrap 对象,创立Netty客户端的细节就在其中。
    4. 创立 ChannelDuplexHandler 实现类 io.seata.core.rpc.netty.AbstractNettyRemotingClient.ClientHandler,把Netty的channel办法比方 channelRead(),和Seata注册对应的处理器关联起来,有对应的音讯后,就会调用对应的处理器,channelInactive() exceptionCaught() userEventTriggered() 保护着 Seata 中的 channel 的存活和心跳,保护连接池中的有效性。
    5. 创立 NettyClientChannelManager 对象,应用apache common pools池化netty Channel,防止每次与Seata服务交互都要建设连贯。连贯的建设和删除逻辑就在其中。
  2. seata能够通过SPI扩大性能,比方 AuthSigner。
  3. 读取是否能够批量申请的配置。并设置监听器监听此配置
  4. 单例对象

初始化过程:

  1. 注册TC的响应处理器 ClientOnResponseProcessor
  2. 注册心跳音讯处理器 ClientHeartbeatProcessor
  3. 执行父类 AbstractNettyRemotingClient 初始化,定时刷新注册核心指定分组的Seata服务实例,将实例地址拿到后,建设连贯并放入连接池 NettyClientChannelManager。若容许批量申请,则创立合并申请的线程池,合并申请的解决逻辑在 MergedSendRunnable 中。
  4. 执行父类 AbstractNettyRemoting 初始化,单线程定时执行清理哪些超时的异步申请
  5. 启动Netty。

初始化RM客户端,创立和初始化过程与TM基本一致。
初始化过程:

  1. 注册分支事务提交处理器 RmBranchCommitProcessor
  2. 注册分支事务回滚处理器 RmBranchRollbackProcessor
  3. 注册undo log 处理器 RmUndoLogProcessor
  4. 注册TC的响应处理器 ClientOnResponseProcessor
  5. 注册心跳音讯处理器 ClientHeartbeatProcessor
  6. ...

GlobalTransaction注解

Bean初始化实现后调用初始化后的postProcessors,applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(),Seata 注册了一个 GlobalTransactionScanner,继承了AbstractAutoProxyCreator,具备了创立代理的能力,每个Bean初始化后都有机会进入GlobalTransactionScanner.wrapIfNecessary()。

进入 wrapIfNecessary()

protected Object wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey) {        try {            synchronized (PROXYED_SET) {                if (PROXYED_SET.contains(beanName)) {                    return bean;                }                interceptor = null;                //check TCC proxy                if (TCCBeanParserUtils.isTccAutoProxy(bean, beanName, applicationContext)) {                    // 创立TccActionInterceptor                    //TCC interceptor, proxy bean of sofa:reference/dubbo:reference, and LocalTCC                    interceptor = new TccActionInterceptor(TCCBeanParserUtils.getRemotingDesc(beanName));                    ConfigurationCache.addConfigListener(ConfigurationKeys.DISABLE_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION,                        (ConfigurationChangeListener)interceptor);                } else {                    Class<?> serviceInterface = SpringProxyUtils.findTargetClass(bean);                    Class<?>[] interfacesIfJdk = SpringProxyUtils.findInterfaces(bean);                    // 非 GlobalTransactional GlobalLock 标注的类或者办法 跳过解决                    if (!existsAnnotation(new Class[]{serviceInterface})                        && !existsAnnotation(interfacesIfJdk)) {                        return bean;                    }                    if (interceptor == null) {                        if (globalTransactionalInterceptor == null) {                            // 创立 GlobalTransactionalInterceptor                            globalTransactionalInterceptor = new GlobalTransactionalInterceptor(failureHandlerHook);                            ConfigurationCache.addConfigListener(                                ConfigurationKeys.DISABLE_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION,                                (ConfigurationChangeListener)globalTransactionalInterceptor);                        }                        interceptor = globalTransactionalInterceptor;                    }                }                LOGGER.info("Bean[{}] with name [{}] would use interceptor [{}]", bean.getClass().getName(), beanName, interceptor.getClass().getName());                if (!AopUtils.isAopProxy(bean)) {                    // 调用父类的wrapIfNecessary,创立代理类                    bean = super.wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey);                } else {                    AdvisedSupport advised = SpringProxyUtils.getAdvisedSupport(bean);                    Advisor[] advisor = buildAdvisors(beanName, getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(null, null, null));                    for (Advisor avr : advisor) {                        advised.addAdvisor(0, avr);                    }                }                PROXYED_SET.add(beanName);                return bean;            }        } catch (Exception exx) {            throw new RuntimeException(exx);        }    }
// AbstractAutoProxyCreator    protected Object wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey) {        // ...        // Create proxy if we have advice.        // 调用子类的 getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean 返回 GlobalTransactionalInterceptor 对象。        // 将seata性能织入Bean代理类中        Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, null);        if (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) {            this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);            Object proxy = createProxy(                    bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, new SingletonTargetSource(bean));            this.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());            return proxy;        }        this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);        return bean;    }

标注 GlobalTransactional GlobalLock 注解的类或者办法的Bean曾经创立了代理,那么在Bean办法调用的时候就会进入 GlobalTransactionalInterceptor的 invoke() 办法中执行Seata的逻辑。

    @Override    public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {        // 获取指标类        Class<?> targetClass =            methodInvocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(methodInvocation.getThis()) : null;        // 获取指标办法,比方:Foo.bar()        Method specificMethod = ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(methodInvocation.getMethod(), targetClass);        if (specificMethod != null && !specificMethod.getDeclaringClass().equals(Object.class)) {            // 获取原生办法 bar()            final Method method = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(specificMethod);            // 解析出注解            final GlobalTransactional globalTransactionalAnnotation =                getAnnotation(method, targetClass, GlobalTransactional.class);            final GlobalLock globalLockAnnotation = getAnnotation(method, targetClass, GlobalLock.class);            // disable 代表是否禁用service.disableGlobalTransaction,默认是启用状态            boolean localDisable = disable || (degradeCheck && degradeNum >= degradeCheckAllowTimes);            if (!localDisable) {                if (globalTransactionalAnnotation != null || this.aspectTransactional != null) {                    AspectTransactional transactional;                    if (globalTransactionalAnnotation != null) {                        // 构建 AspectTransactional对象,将注解中的参数解析到 对象中                        transactional = new AspectTransactional(globalTransactionalAnnotation.timeoutMills(),                            globalTransactionalAnnotation.name(), globalTransactionalAnnotation.rollbackFor(),                            globalTransactionalAnnotation.rollbackForClassName(),                            globalTransactionalAnnotation.noRollbackFor(),                            globalTransactionalAnnotation.noRollbackForClassName(),                            globalTransactionalAnnotation.propagation(),                            globalTransactionalAnnotation.lockRetryInterval(),                            globalTransactionalAnnotation.lockRetryTimes());                    } else {                        transactional = this.aspectTransactional;                    }                    // 进入GlobalTransaction解决流程                    return handleGlobalTransaction(methodInvocation, transactional);                } else if (globalLockAnnotation != null) {                    // 进入GlobalLock解决流程                    return handleGlobalLock(methodInvocation, globalLockAnnotation);                }            }        }        return methodInvocation.proceed();    }

以上办法是代理类的加强逻辑入口,次要是解析出以后办法的注解,进入GlobalTransaction的解决流程。

    Object handleGlobalTransaction(final MethodInvocation methodInvocation,        final AspectTransactional aspectTransactional) throws Throwable {        boolean succeed = true;        try {            // 全局事务的执行是在 transactionalTemplate 对象中进行            return transactionalTemplate.execute(new TransactionalExecutor() {                @Override                public Object execute() throws Throwable {                    return methodInvocation.proceed();                }                public String name() {                    String name = aspectTransactional.getName();                    if (!StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(name)) {                        return name;                    }                    return formatMethod(methodInvocation.getMethod());                }                // 把注解中的参数解析为 TransactionInfo 对象                @Override                public TransactionInfo getTransactionInfo() {                    // reset the value of timeout                    int timeout = aspectTransactional.getTimeoutMills();                    if (timeout <= 0 || timeout == DEFAULT_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT) {                        timeout = defaultGlobalTransactionTimeout;                    }                    TransactionInfo transactionInfo = new TransactionInfo();                    transactionInfo.setTimeOut(timeout);                    transactionInfo.setName(name());                    transactionInfo.setPropagation(aspectTransactional.getPropagation());                    transactionInfo.setLockRetryInterval(aspectTransactional.getLockRetryInterval());                    transactionInfo.setLockRetryTimes(aspectTransactional.getLockRetryTimes());                    Set<RollbackRule> rollbackRules = new LinkedHashSet<>();                    for (Class<?> rbRule : aspectTransactional.getRollbackFor()) {                        rollbackRules.add(new RollbackRule(rbRule));                    }                    for (String rbRule : aspectTransactional.getRollbackForClassName()) {                        rollbackRules.add(new RollbackRule(rbRule));                    }                    for (Class<?> rbRule : aspectTransactional.getNoRollbackFor()) {                        rollbackRules.add(new NoRollbackRule(rbRule));                    }                    for (String rbRule : aspectTransactional.getNoRollbackForClassName()) {                        rollbackRules.add(new NoRollbackRule(rbRule));                    }                    transactionInfo.setRollbackRules(rollbackRules);                    return transactionInfo;                }            });        } catch (TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException e) {            TransactionalExecutor.Code code = e.getCode();            // 异样解决机制            switch (code) {                case RollbackDone:                    throw e.getOriginalException();                case BeginFailure:                    succeed = false;                    failureHandler.onBeginFailure(e.getTransaction(), e.getCause());                    throw e.getCause();                case CommitFailure:                    succeed = false;                    failureHandler.onCommitFailure(e.getTransaction(), e.getCause());                    throw e.getCause();                case RollbackFailure:                    failureHandler.onRollbackFailure(e.getTransaction(), e.getOriginalException());                    throw e.getOriginalException();                case RollbackRetrying:                    failureHandler.onRollbackRetrying(e.getTransaction(), e.getOriginalException());                    throw e.getOriginalException();                default:                    throw new ShouldNeverHappenException(String.format("Unknown TransactionalExecutor.Code: %s", code));            }        } finally {            if (degradeCheck) {                EVENT_BUS.post(new DegradeCheckEvent(succeed));            }        }    }

以上会把 GlobalTransaction 注解中的参数转换为一个事务,另创立一个事务执行器,在事务模板中执行事务。

    /**     * Execute object.     *     * @param business the business     * @return the object     * @throws TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException the execution exception     */    public Object execute(TransactionalExecutor business) throws Throwable {        // 1. Get transactionInfo 获取事务        TransactionInfo txInfo = business.getTransactionInfo();        if (txInfo == null) {            throw new ShouldNeverHappenException("transactionInfo does not exist");        }        // 1.1 Get current transaction, if not null, the tx role is 'GlobalTransactionRole.Participant'. 获取以后全局事务,若有空则是事务参与者        GlobalTransaction tx = GlobalTransactionContext.getCurrent();        // 1.2 Handle the transaction propagation. 依照流传行文处理事务        Propagation propagation = txInfo.getPropagation();        SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResourcesHolder = null;        try {            switch (propagation) {                case NOT_SUPPORTED:// 不反对事务,将以后事务挂起,以无事务的形式执行                    // If transaction is existing, suspend it.                    if (existingTransaction(tx)) {                        suspendedResourcesHolder = tx.suspend();                    }                    // Execute without transaction and return.                    return business.execute();                case REQUIRES_NEW:// 须要新事务,挂起以后事务,开始一个新事务                    // If transaction is existing, suspend it, and then begin new transaction.                    if (existingTransaction(tx)) {                        suspendedResourcesHolder = tx.suspend();                        tx = GlobalTransactionContext.createNew();                    }                    // Continue and execute with new transaction                    break;                case SUPPORTS:// 反对事务或者无事务运行,没有事务则间接执行办法                    // If transaction is not existing, execute without transaction.                    if (notExistingTransaction(tx)) {                        return business.execute();                    }                    // Continue and execute with new transaction                    break;                case REQUIRED:// 须要事务,以后事务有则是五以后事务,若没有创立一个事务                    // If current transaction is existing, execute with current transaction,                    // else continue and execute with new transaction.                    break;                case NEVER:// 不反对事务                    // If transaction is existing, throw exception.                    if (existingTransaction(tx)) {                        throw new TransactionException(                            String.format("Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'never', xid = %s"                                    , tx.getXid()));                    } else {                        // Execute without transaction and return.                        return business.execute();                    }                case MANDATORY: // 必须要一个事务                    // If transaction is not existing, throw exception.                    if (notExistingTransaction(tx)) {                        throw new TransactionException("No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'");                    }                    // Continue and execute with current transaction.                    break;                default:                    throw new TransactionException("Not Supported Propagation:" + propagation);            }            // 1.3 If null, create new transaction with role 'GlobalTransactionRole.Launcher'.            if (tx == null) {                tx = GlobalTransactionContext.createNew();            }            // set current tx config to holder            GlobalLockConfig previousConfig = replaceGlobalLockConfig(txInfo);            try {                // 2. If the tx role is 'GlobalTransactionRole.Launcher', send the request of beginTransaction to TC,                //    else do nothing. Of course, the hooks will still be triggered.                // 发动全局事务注册                beginTransaction(txInfo, tx);                Object rs;                try {                    // Do Your Business 执行本地办法,作为事务发起者,本地办法中产生的任何近程调用都将携带XID                    rs = business.execute();                } catch (Throwable ex) {                    // 发动回滚申请,TC收到后,会一一告诉子事务回滚                    // 3. The needed business exception to rollback.                    completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, tx, ex);                    throw ex;                }                // 4. everything is fine, commit. 提交事务                commitTransaction(tx);                return rs;            } finally {                //5. clear 清理阶段                resumeGlobalLockConfig(previousConfig);                triggerAfterCompletion();                cleanUp();            }        } finally {            // If the transaction is suspended, resume it. 复原挂起的事务            if (suspendedResourcesHolder != null) {                tx.resume(suspendedResourcesHolder);            }        }    }

GlobalTransactionRole 全局事务角色分为发起者和参与者,以上下文是否有GlobalTransaction对象来判断。
本地办法执行后,近程调用也全副胜利,发起者就向Seata发动提交事务的申请。

全局事务ID的传递

Seata反对的近程调用:SpringMvc Dubbbo sofa motan hsf grpc dubbo brpc.

SpringMvc中自定义一个 HandlerInterceptor,在调用preHandle是绑定 seata的 rpcId。向Spring 注入一个 WebMvcConfigurer 实现类将自定义的 HandlerInterceptor 放入MVC中。

Dubbo 会自定义一个Filter扩大,绑定 seata的 rpcId。

其余的近程调用反对,能够自行查看,逻辑比较简单,调用前绑定 rpcId,产生异样须要革除rpcId


以上就是全局事务管理器的大抵内容。具体事务的管制在RM端,TM客户端的的操作大多数在下面应用到。


数据源代理

SeataDataSourceAutoConfiguration 会引入 SeataAutoDataSourceProxyCreator,此对象将会创立一个数据库代理,代理类中加强了RM的逻辑,事务提交前要解决RM的逻辑。

SeataAutoDataSourceProxyCreator也是一个 AbstractAutoProxyCreator 子类,会被Spring 作为 AOP解决,重写的wrapIfNecessary()中,将数据库对象进行加强,创立代理类 DataSourceProxy ,具体的创立代理逻辑在 super.wrapIfNecessary() 中。

DataSourceProxy.getConnection() 会创立一个 ConnectionProxy,组合了targetDataSource.getConnection(),不会影响原有数据库连贯的应用。

ConnectionProxy 代理的commit办法中,就会GlobalTransaction进行了逻辑解决:注册本地事务,创立undo log 执行本地提交。TC向 RM客户端收回提交或者回滚申请后,解决undolog即可。

    @Override    public void commit() throws SQLException {        try {            lockRetryPolicy.execute(() -> {                // 执行提交                doCommit();                return null;            });        } catch (SQLException e) {            if (targetConnection != null && !getAutoCommit() && !getContext().isAutoCommitChanged()) {                rollback();            }            throw e;        } catch (Exception e) {            throw new SQLException(e);        }    }    // 依据上下文判断执行哪种提交    private void doCommit() throws SQLException {        if (context.inGlobalTransaction()) {            processGlobalTransactionCommit();        } else if (context.isGlobalLockRequire()) {            processLocalCommitWithGlobalLocks();        } else {            targetConnection.commit();        }    }    // 全局事务提交    private void processGlobalTransactionCommit() throws SQLException {        try {            // 注册分支事务            register();        } catch (TransactionException e) {            recognizeLockKeyConflictException(e, context.buildLockKeys());        }        try {           // undo log 出场 UndoLogManagerFactory.getUndoLogManager(this.getDbType()).flushUndoLogs(this);            // 真正的业务提交            targetConnection.commit();        } catch (Throwable ex) {            LOGGER.error("process connectionProxy commit error: {}", ex.getMessage(), ex);            report(false);            throw new SQLException(ex);        }        if (IS_REPORT_SUCCESS_ENABLE) {            report(true);        }        context.reset();    }

总结

Seata作为一款分布式的框架,提供了分布式事务的解决方案,其中的实现原理值得剖析,以上是对Seata客户端的局部进行理解说,Seata服务端的内容同样精彩,敬请期待。