SpringBoot

SpringBoot是Java利用的开发框架，基于Spring4.0设计，继承了Spring框架原有的优良个性，还并通过简化配置来进一步优化了Spring利用的整个搭建和开发过程，SpringBoot通过集成大量的框架，很好的解决了依赖包版本抵触，以及援用不稳定性等问题

SpringBoot 个性

  1. 创立独立的Spring利用
  2. 内嵌Tomcat或Jetty等Servlet容器，利用打包后即可间接运行
  3. 提供一系列预设配置来简化配置
  4. 尽可能主动配置Spring容器与三方类库
  5. 提供可用于生产的个性，如度量、运行状况检查和内部化配置
  6. 不须要代码生成，不须要XML配置

主动拆卸

主动拆卸是为了从spring.factories文件中获取到对应须要进行主动拆卸的类，并生成相应的Bean对象，而后将它们交给spring容器来治理嘛，主动拆卸是 SpringBoot 的外围，咱们只有引入一个 starter 组件依赖就能实现主动拆卸

依赖

<parent>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>    <version>2.6.3</version>    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent>

启动类

@SpringBootApplicationpublic class DemoApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);    }}

@SpringBootApplication

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented@Inherited@SpringBootConfiguration@EnableAutoConfiguration@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })public @interface SpringBootApplication {    // 内容省略}

由源码可知，@SpringBootApplication理论是由3个要害的注解组成

  1. @SpringBootConfiguration
  2. @EnableAutoConfiguration
  3. @ComponentScan

@SpringBootConfiguration

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented@Configuration@Indexedpublic @interface SpringBootConfiguration {    // 内容省略}

由源码可知，@SpringBootConfiguration 实际上就是一个 @Configuration 注解，就是为了让以后类作为一个配置类交由 Spring 的 IOC 容器进行治理

@ComponentScan

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Target({ElementType.TYPE})@Documented@Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)public @interface ComponentScan  {    // 内容省略}

由源码可知，@ComponentScan 等价于在 xml 文件中配置 context:component-scan，SpringBoot 会默认扫描以后类所在的包及其子包中的所有标注了 @Component，@Service，@Controller 等注解的类

@EnableAutoConfiguration

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented@Inherited@AutoConfigurationPackage@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {    // 内容省略}

由源码可知，@EnableAutoConfiguration 是由 @AutoConfigurationPackage 与 @Import 组成的注解，而AutoConfigurationImportSelector正是主动拆卸的外围；AutoConfigurationImportSelector实现了顶层接口ImportSelector，在selectImports办法中，首先判断SpringBoot是否开启主动配置，如开启则进一步获取须要主动拆卸的类

@Overridepublic String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {    if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {        return NO_IMPORTS;    }    AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);    return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());}protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {    if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {        return EMPTY_ENTRY;    }    AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);    List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);    configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);    Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);    checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);    configurations.removeAll(exclusions);    configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);    fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);    return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);}protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {    List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),            getBeanClassLoader());    Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "            + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");    return configurations;}

其中的重点就在SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames这一行代码中

public final class SpringFactoriesLoader {/** * The location to look for factories. * <p>Can be present in multiple JAR files. */public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(SpringFactoriesLoader.class);static final Map<ClassLoader, Map<String, List<String>>> cache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>();private SpringFactoriesLoader() {}

至此已能够看出，为何SpringBoot的依赖中会存在.factories文件，loadFactoryNames 办法会去 META-INF/spring.factories 文件中依据 EnableAutoConfiguration 的全限定类名获取到咱们须要导入的类，而 EnableAutoConfiguration 类的全限定类名为
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration

@AutoConfigurationPackage

@AutoConfigurationPackage 注解会将增加该注解的类所在的 package 作为主动配置 package 进行治理，也就是说当SpringBoot利用启动时，默认会将启动类所在的package作为主动配置的package

总结

  • SpringBoot 是基于 Spring 的框架
  • SpringBoot 预置了许多依赖，并简化了 Spring 原有的配置，使开发更加简略快捷
  • SpringBoot 通过 AutoConfigurationImportSelector 与 META-INF/spring.factories 省去了一些类的配置过程，实现了主动拆卸