| 日期 | 作者 | 版本 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-10-05 | dingbinthu@163.com | V1.0 | |
理论工作中咱们常常遇到以maven构建的java工程中遇到jar包依赖凌乱问题，这时候常常要用到
mvn dependency:tree -Dverbose
mvn dependency:tree -Dverbose -Dincludes=groupId:artifactId:version -Dexcludes=groupId:artifactId:version
命令来查看jar错综依赖关系，并排查解决。
举例：
对我的一个java工程，我用命令：mvn clean install -U 编译时报错如下：
22-11-19 15:27:19,639 INFO com.mchange.v2.log.MLog(MLog.java:80) ## MLog clients using log4j logging.22-11-19 15:27:19,782 INFO com.mchange.v2.c3p0.C3P0Registry(C3P0Registry.java:204) ## Initializing c3p0-0.9.1.1 [built 15-March-2007 01:32:31; debug? true; trace: 10]22-11-19 15:27:19,832 WARN com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DriverManagerDataSource(DriverManagerDataSource.java:108) ## Could not load driverClass com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverjava.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:581) at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:178) at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521) at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:315) at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DriverManagerDataSource.ensureDriverLoaded(DriverManagerDataSource.java:101) at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DriverManagerDataSource.getConnection(DriverManagerDataSource.java:133) at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.getPooledConnection(WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.java:182) at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.getPooledConnection(WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.java:171) at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.C3P0PooledConnectionPool$1PooledConnectionResourcePoolManager.acquireResource(C3P0PooledConnectionPool.java:137) at com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool.doAcquire(BasicResourcePool.java:1014) at com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool.access$800(BasicResourcePool.java:32) at com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool$AcquireTask.run(BasicResourcePool.java:1810) at com.mchange.v2.async.ThreadPoolAsynchronousRunner$PoolThread.run(ThreadPoolAsynchronousRunner.java:547)显然这个maven构建提醒找不到com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver 这个类（这个类是mysql8.0以及当前版本的 jdbc类），显示是在c3p0-0.9.1.1 这个jar包里调用的。查看我的pom.xml里c3p0相干的依赖配置如下：
<!-- jdbc utils --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.31</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.5.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId> <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId> <version>1.7</version> </dependency> <!-- jdbc utils -->看见我 明明配置了c3p0-0.9.5.5版本，但这里没起作用，还是用了c3p0-0.9.1.1 这个jar包版本。前者能够加载com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver，后者不行。
当初的问题是怎么找到c3p0-0.9.1.1来自哪个jar包呢？因为pom.xml中并未显示配置这个依赖。解决方案就是通过大杀器命令：mvn dependency:tree -Dverbose 。执行提醒如下：
[INFO] Scanning for projects...[WARNING] [WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for qxsearch.net:rpt-parser:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT[WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin is missing. @ line 106, column 21[WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-jar-plugin is missing. @ line 136, column 21[WARNING] [WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.[WARNING] [WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.[WARNING] [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Building rpt-parser 1.0-SNAPSHOT[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[WARNING] The artifact mysql:mysql-connector-java:jar:8.0.31 has been relocated to com.mysql:mysql-connector-j:jar:8.0.31[WARNING] The artifact org.apache.commons:commons-io:jar:1.3.2 has been relocated to commons-io:commons-io:jar:1.3.2[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.8:tree (default-cli) @ rpt-parser ---[WARNING] While downloading mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.31 This artifact has been relocated to com.mysql:mysql-connector-j:8.0.31. MySQL Connector/J artifacts moved to reverse-DNS compliant Maven 2+ coordinates.[WARNING] While downloading org.apache.commons:commons-io:1.3.2 This artifact has been relocated to commons-io:commons-io:1.3.2. https://issues.sonatype.org/browse/MVNCENTRAL-244[INFO] qxsearch.net:rpt-parser:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT[INFO] +- com.mysql:mysql-connector-j:jar:8.0.31:compile[INFO] | \- com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:jar:3.19.4:compile[INFO] +- com.mchange:c3p0:jar:0.9.5.5:compile[INFO] | \- com.mchange:mchange-commons-java:jar:0.2.19:compile[INFO] +- commons-dbutils:commons-dbutils:jar:1.7:compile[INFO] +- org.apache.turbine:turbine:jar:4.0-M2:compile[INFO] | +- org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile[INFO] | +- commons-codec:commons-codec:jar:1.10:compile[INFO] | +- (commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.2:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | +- commons-configuration:commons-configuration:jar:1.10:compile[INFO] | | +- (commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.6:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | \- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - omitted for conflict with 1.2)[INFO] | +- org.apache.commons:commons-email:jar:1.4:compile[INFO] | | +- com.sun.mail:javax.mail:jar:1.5.2:compile[INFO] | | | \- (javax.activation:activation:jar:1.1:compile - omitted for conflict with 1.1.1)[INFO] | | \- javax.activation:activation:jar:1.1.1:compile[INFO] | +- (commons-io:commons-io:jar:2.4:compile - omitted for conflict with 1.3.2)[INFO] | +- commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.6:compile[INFO] | +- commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.2:compile[INFO] | +- commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils:jar:1.9.2:compile[INFO] | | +- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - omitted for conflict with 1.2)[INFO] | | \- (commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.1:compile - omitted for conflict with 3.2.2)[INFO] | +- ecs:ecs:jar:1.4.2:compile[INFO] | +- org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-factory:jar:1.0.4:compile[INFO] | | \- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | +- org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-pool:jar:1.0.4:compile[INFO] | | +- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | \- (org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-factory:jar:1.0.4:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | +- org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-localization:jar:1.0.6:compile[INFO] | | +- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | \- (commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.4:compile - omitted for conflict with 2.6)[INFO] | +- org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-parser:jar:1.0.3:compile[INFO] | | +- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | +- (commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.6:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | +- (org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-pool:jar:1.0.4:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | \- (commons-io:commons-io:jar:2.4:runtime - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | +- org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-intake:jar:1.2.0:compile[INFO] | | +- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | +- (org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-parser:jar:1.0.3:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | +- (commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.6:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | \- org.apache.commons:commons-pool2:jar:2.3:compile[INFO] | +- org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-crypto:jar:1.0.7:compile[INFO] | | \- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | +- org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-xslt:jar:1.1.0:compile[INFO] | | \- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | +- org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-mimetype:jar:1.0.5:compile[INFO] | | \- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | +- org.apache.torque:torque-runtime:jar:4.0:compile[INFO] | | +- (commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.1:compile - omitted for conflict with 3.2.2)[INFO] | | +- (commons-configuration:commons-configuration:jar:1.6:compile - omitted for conflict with 1.10)[INFO] | | +- commons-dbcp:commons-dbcp:jar:1.3:compile[INFO] | | | \- (commons-pool:commons-pool:jar:1.5.4:compile - omitted for conflict with 1.5.6)[INFO] | | +- (commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.6:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | +- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - omitted for conflict with 1.2)[INFO] | | +- commons-pool:commons-pool:jar:1.5.6:compile[INFO] | | +- org.apache.jcs:jcs:jar:1.3:compile[INFO] | | | +- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1:compile - omitted for conflict with 1.2)[INFO] | | | \- concurrent:concurrent:jar:1.0:compile[INFO] | | \- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | +- org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-security-api:jar:1.1.0:compile[INFO] | | +- (commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.5:compile - omitted for conflict with 2.6)[INFO] | | +- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | | \- (org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-crypto:jar:1.0.7:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | +- org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-quartz:jar:1.1.0:compile[INFO] | | +- org.quartz-scheduler:quartz:jar:2.0.0:compile[INFO] | | | +- javax.transaction:jta:jar:1.1:compile[INFO] | | | +- c3p0:c3p0:jar:0.9.1.1:compile[INFO] | | | \- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.6.1:compile - omitted for conflict with 1.7.6)[INFO] | | \- (org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | +- log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.17:compile[INFO] | +- org.apache.velocity:velocity:jar:1.7:compile[INFO] | | +- (commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.1:compile - omitted for conflict with 3.2.2)[INFO] | | \- (commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.4:compile - omitted for conflict with 2.6)[INFO] | \- com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream:jar:1.4.4:compile[INFO] | +- xmlpull:xmlpull:jar:1.1.3.1:compile[INFO] | \- xpp3:xpp3_min:jar:1.1.4c:compile[INFO] +- junit:junit:jar:4.12:compile[INFO] | \- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:jar:1.3:compile[INFO] +- org.mockito:mockito-all:jar:1.10.19:test[INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.6:compile[INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:jar:1.7.6:compile[INFO] | +- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.6:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | \- (log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.17:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] +- org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:jar:3.1:compile[INFO] +- commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.2:compile[INFO] +- commons-io:commons-io:jar:1.3.2:compile[INFO] +- com.itextpdf:itextpdf:jar:5.5.13:compile[INFO] +- org.apache.pdfbox:pdfbox:jar:2.0.13:compile[INFO] | +- (org.apache.pdfbox:fontbox:jar:2.0.13:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] | \- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.2:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] +- org.apache.pdfbox:fontbox:jar:2.0.13:compile[INFO] | \- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.2:compile - omitted for duplicate)[INFO] \- com.alibaba:fastjson:jar:1.2.54:compile[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time: 1.019 s[INFO] Finished at: 2022-11-19T15:45:51+08:00[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/47M[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------在以上文本中搜寻c3p0关键词很容易发现c3p0-0.9.1.1 来自org.apache.turbine:turbine:jar:4.0-M2:compile 这个jar包，于是只须要在pom.xml中找到这个jar包的依赖配置，增加 exclusions即可，内容如下：
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.turbine</groupId> <artifactId>turbine</artifactId> <version>4.0-M2</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions></dependency>然而可怜的是你发现这样批改之后再次执行mvn dependency:tree -Dverbose 还是有c3p0-0.9.1.1的依赖，起因是exclusions 只会排除以后jar包的间接子模块。于是查问发现c3p0-0.9.1.1其实是在org.apache.turbine:turbine:jar:4.0-M2:compile的子模块：org.apache.fulcrum:fulcrum-quartz 中，于是批改exclusions如下：
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.turbine</groupId> <artifactId>turbine</artifactId> <version>4.0-M2</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.apache.fulcrum</groupId> <artifactId>fulcrum-quartz</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions></dependency>再次执行mvn dependency:tree -Dverbose 就没有c3p0-0.9.1.1的依赖了，表明批改无效。
然而这时候如果在idea中间接运行你会发现还是会报同样的谬误，起因是因为idea中依赖曾经在工程被加载之初固化到Project Structure中Project Settings中的Dependencies中了。如下图所示。简略的解决方案就是删除掉该工程idea相干的配置.idea目录和xxx.iml文件。而后从新导入，编译，运行，所有就都胜利了。