1. 背景

用了一段时间后，发现 Ubuntu 空间太小了不够用了。于是扩容了硬盘大小，同时须要对分区进行调整来进行扩容。

零碎采纳的 LVM(Logical Volume Manager)的形式进行治理的。

2. 解决

这里分两种状况进行解决：

  1. LV(Logical Volume) 没有用尽 VG(Volume Group)。
  2. VG(Volume Group) 没有用尽 PV(Physical Volume)，或者 PV(Physical Volume) 没有关联物理分区。

2.1 LV 应用全副 VG

能够看到 / 由 /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 挂载：

$ df -hlFilesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted ontmpfs                              196M  1.4M  195M   1% /run/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv  9.8G  7.5G  1.8G  81% /tmpfs                              980M   16K  980M   1% /dev/shmtmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock/dev/sda2                          1.8G  127M  1.5G   8% /boottmpfs                              196M  4.0K  196M   1% /run/user/1000

ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 应用的是 sda3 分区，而 sda3 总共 18.2G，ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 只用了 10G:

$ sudo lsblkNAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTSfd0                         2:0    1    4K  0 disk loop0                       7:0    0 79.9M  1 loop /snap/lxd/22923loop1                       7:1    0   62M  1 loop /snap/core20/1587loop2                       7:2    0   47M  1 loop /snap/snapd/16292sda                         8:0    0   50G  0 disk ├─sda1                      8:1    0    1M  0 part ├─sda2                      8:2    0  1.8G  0 part /boot└─sda3                      8:3    0 18.2G  0 part   └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0   10G  0 lvm  /
# VG ubuntu-vg 残余 8.22G$ sudo vgdisplay -A--- Volume group ---VG Name               ubuntu-vgSystem ID             Format                lvm2Metadata Areas        1Metadata Sequence No  2VG Access             read/writeVG Status             resizableMAX LV                0Cur LV                1Open LV               1Max PV                0Cur PV                1Act PV                1VG Size               18.22 GiBPE Size               4.00 MiBTotal PE              4665Alloc PE / Size       2560 / 10.00 GiBFree  PE / Size       2105 / 8.22 GiBVG UUID               gHs11o-PLvl-3cw4-SIax-mcw6-7RCx-D4BEpo

两条命令调整 LV 占用 VG 的全副空间：

$ sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv$ sudo resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv

后果，扩容胜利：

$ sudo lsblkNAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTSfd0                         2:0    1    4K  0 disk loop0                       7:0    0 79.9M  1 loop /snap/lxd/22923loop1                       7:1    0   62M  1 loop /snap/core20/1587loop2                       7:2    0   47M  1 loop /snap/snapd/16292sda                         8:0    0   50G  0 disk ├─sda1                      8:1    0    1M  0 part ├─sda2                      8:2    0  1.8G  0 part /boot└─sda3                      8:3    0 18.2G  0 part   └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0 18.2G  0 lvm  /

2.2 VG 关联物理分区进行扩容

这里以不损坏数据为前提，所以就不对原分区 /dev/sda3进行调整了。而是采纳将磁盘可用空间创立一个新的 /dev/sda4 分区，而后去关联 VG，毕竟 LVM 非常灵活。

上面对新减少的 30GB 进行解决。

创立分区 sda4，将设置为 lvm 类型：

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda==> Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectorsDisk model: VMware Virtual SUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisklabel type: gptDisk identifier: 3A0A0460-1FC2-46FF-A278-3299E8F2B745Device       Start      End  Sectors  Size Type/dev/sda1     2048     4095     2048    1M BIOS boot/dev/sda2     4096  3719167  3715072  1.8G Linux filesystem/dev/sda3  3719168 41940991 38221824 18.2G Linux filesystem===> Command (m for help): nPartition number (4-128, default 4): First sector (41940992-104857566, default 41940992): Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (41940992-104857566, default 104857566): Created a new partition 4 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 30 GiB.===> Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectorsDisk model: VMware Virtual SUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisklabel type: gptDisk identifier: 3A0A0460-1FC2-46FF-A278-3299E8F2B745Device        Start       End  Sectors  Size Type/dev/sda1      2048      4095     2048    1M BIOS boot/dev/sda2      4096   3719167  3715072  1.8G Linux filesystem/dev/sda3   3719168  41940991 38221824 18.2G Linux filesystem/dev/sda4  41940992 104857566 62916575   30G Linux filesystem===> Command (m for help): t===> Partition number (1-4, default 4): ===> Partition type or alias (type L to list all): lvmChanged type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'.===> Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectorsDisk model: VMware Virtual SUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisklabel type: gptDisk identifier: 3A0A0460-1FC2-46FF-A278-3299E8F2B745Device        Start       End  Sectors  Size Type/dev/sda1      2048      4095     2048    1M BIOS boot/dev/sda2      4096   3719167  3715072  1.8G Linux filesystem/dev/sda3   3719168  41940991 38221824 18.2G Linux filesystem/dev/sda4  41940992 104857566 62916575   30G Linux LVM===> Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered.Syncing disks.

能够看到 sda4 创立胜利，并应用所有可用空间：

$ sudo lsblkNAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTSfd0                         2:0    1    4K  0 disk loop0                       7:0    0 79.9M  1 loop /snap/lxd/22923loop1                       7:1    0   62M  1 loop /snap/core20/1587loop2                       7:2    0   47M  1 loop /snap/snapd/16292sda                         8:0    0   50G  0 disk ├─sda1                      8:1    0    1M  0 part ├─sda2                      8:2    0  1.8G  0 part /boot├─sda3                      8:3    0 18.2G  0 part │ └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0 18.2G  0 lvm  /└─sda4                      8:4    0   30G  0 part

将 sda4创立成 PV(Physical Volume)：

$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sda4  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.$ sudo pvdisplay  --- Physical volume ---  PV Name               /dev/sda3  VG Name               ubuntu-vg  PV Size               <18.23 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB  Allocatable           yes (but full)  PE Size               4.00 MiB  Total PE              4665  Free PE               0  Allocated PE          4665  PV UUID               vO0lgC-X0bG-nUat-kevg-FONv-OpNh-qwY5zF     "/dev/sda4" is a new physical volume of "30.00 GiB"  --- NEW Physical volume ---  PV Name               /dev/sda4  VG Name                 PV Size               30.00 GiB  Allocatable           NO  PE Size               0     Total PE              0  Free PE               0  Allocated PE          0  PV UUID               A87gcC-J2mc-3jPD-4emh-8Ute-VQ52-Ceg7zu

将 sda4扩容到以后的 VG：

# 查看以后 VG$ sudo vgdisplay  --- Volume group ---  VG Name               ubuntu-vg  System ID               Format                lvm2  Metadata Areas        1  Metadata Sequence No  3  VG Access             read/write  VG Status             resizable  MAX LV                0  Cur LV                1  Open LV               1  Max PV                0  Cur PV                1  Act PV                1  VG Size               18.22 GiB  PE Size               4.00 MiB  Total PE              4665  Alloc PE / Size       4665 / 18.22 GiB  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0     VG UUID               gHs11o-PLvl-3cw4-SIax-mcw6-7RCx-D4BEpo# 将 PV 增加到 VG$ sudo vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sda4# 扩大胜利$ sudo vgdisplay  --- Volume group ---  VG Name               ubuntu-vg  System ID               Format                lvm2  Metadata Areas        2  Metadata Sequence No  4  VG Access             read/write  VG Status             resizable  MAX LV                0  Cur LV                1  Open LV               1  Max PV                0  Cur PV                2  Act PV                2  VG Size               <48.22 GiB  PE Size               4.00 MiB  Total PE              12344  Alloc PE / Size       4665 / 18.22 GiB  Free  PE / Size       7679 / <30.00 GiB  VG UUID               gHs11o-PLvl-3cw4-SIax-mcw6-7RCx-D4BEpo

接下来就同 2.1 的操作了：

$ sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv$ sudo resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv$ sudo lsblkNAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTSfd0                         2:0    1    4K  0 disk loop0                       7:0    0 79.9M  1 loop /snap/lxd/22923loop1                       7:1    0   62M  1 loop /snap/core20/1587loop2                       7:2    0   47M  1 loop /snap/snapd/16292sda                         8:0    0   50G  0 disk ├─sda1                      8:1    0    1M  0 part ├─sda2                      8:2    0  1.8G  0 part /boot├─sda3                      8:3    0 18.2G  0 part │ └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0 48.2G  0 lvm  /└─sda4                      8:4    0   30G  0 part   └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0 48.2G  0 lvm  /
Github 原文地址