pip

蕴含模块所需的所有文件。

查看是否装置了PIP

$ pip --version

装置包

$ pip install package_name

应用包

import package_name

删除包

$ pip uninstall camelcase

列出包

pip list

Try Except

try:  print(x)except:  print("An exception occurred")

您能够依据须要定义任意数量的异样块，例如，如果您想为非凡类型的谬误执行非凡代码块

try:  print(x)except NameError:  print("Variable x is not defined")except:  print("Something else went wrong")

如果没有引发谬误，能够应用else关键字定义要执行的代码块

try:  print("Hello")except:  print("Something went wrong")else:  print("Nothing went wrong")

如果指定了finally块，则无论try块是否引发谬误，都将执行finally。

ry:  print(x)except:  print("Something went wrong")finally:  print("The 'try except' is finished")

这对于敞开对象和清理资源十分有用

try:  f = open("demofile.txt")  try:    f.write("Lorum Ipsum")  except:    print("Something went wrong when writing to the file")  finally:    f.close()except:  print("Something went wrong when opening the file")

作为Python开发人员，如果呈现条件，您能够抉择抛出异样。

x = -1if x < 0:  raise Exception("Sorry, no numbers below zero")

您能够定义要引发的谬误类型，以及要打印给用户的文本。

x = "hello"if not type(x) is int:  raise TypeError("Only integers are allowed")

用户输出

username = input("Enter username:")print("Username is: " + username)

字符串格局

price = 49txt = "The price is {} dollars"print(txt.format(price)) # The price is 49 dollars

能够在花括号内增加参数，以指定如何转换值

price = 49txt = "The price is {:.2f} dollars"print(txt.format(price)) # The price is 49.00 dollars

如果要应用更多值，只需在format（）办法中增加更多值

quantity = 3itemno = 567price = 49myorder = "I want {} pieces of item number {} for {:.2f} dollars."print(myorder.format(quantity, itemno, price))

您能够应用索引号（大括号｛0｝内的数字）确保将值搁置在正确的占位符中

quantity = 3itemno = 567price = 49myorder = "I want {0} pieces of item number {1} for {2:.2f} dollars."print(myorder.format(quantity, itemno, price))

此外，如果要屡次援用同一值，请应用索引号

age = 36name = "John"txt = "His name is {1}. {1} is {0} years old."print(txt.format(age, name))

命名索引

myorder = "I have a {carname}, it is a {model}."print(myorder.format(carname = "Ford", model = "Mustang"))