关于oracle:Oracle12c新特性大全二CDB的创建

Managing a Multitenant Environment官网文档链接:

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/admin/managing-a-multitenant-environment.html#GUID-93F1E584-D309-4301-82E0-AD0E60D4977C

CDB的创立：

如果要应用可插拔数据库的性能，须要在创立数据库时专门指定启用可插拔数据库，创立CDB通常有如下两种形式：

· 应用DBCA图形工具创立CDB\
这里须要留神的是Oracle 12.2之后反对LOCAL UNDO，这里留神须要手动要勾选LOCAL UNDO选项。

· CREATE DATABASE语句创立CDB\
在应用脚本创立CDB时Oracle提供了两种办法，一种是应用OMF，另外一种是非OMF**的形式，留神参数文件中须要将ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE设置为TRUE。

这里演示应用非OMF形式创立CDB，数据名称为ora12c：\
1.设置ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE参数为TRUE，参数文件如下：

audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora12c/adump'

audit_trail='none'

compatible='12.2.0'

control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/control02.ctl'

db_block_size=8192

db_domain='linux.com'

db_name='ora12c'

diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

enable_pluggable_database=true

memory_target=801m

nls_language='AMERICAN'

nls_territory='AMERICA'

remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

2.创立相应目录以及设置环境变量

export ORACLE_SID=ora12c

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch: **$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin**:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH

3.CREATE DATABASE脚本 createdb.sql 如下：

CREATE DATABASE ora12c

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle

USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle

LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo01b.log')

SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo02b.log')

SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo03b.log')

SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512

MAXLOGHISTORY 1

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 1024

CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/system01.dbf'

SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/sysaux01.dbf'

SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/deftbs01.dbf'

SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/undotbs01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE

SEED

FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/pdbseed/')

SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M

USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

--留神：官网文档的示例代码中应用了LOCAL UNDO ON子句的形式开启local undo mode，但我的测试环境中测试时如果加有LOCAL UNDO ON，报：ORA-02165: invalid option for CREATE DATABASE，那我这里在创立CDB时不开启local undo mode，在CDB创立实现后手动开启local undo mode。

这段代码中只有红色字体局部与PDB无关，其余局部与创立传统的Oracle数据库语句均雷同。

FILE_NAME_CONVERT 子句指定了应用'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/'中的文件名在'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/pdbseed/'中生产CDB seeds。

USER_DATA_TABLESPACE 子句能够在容器中创立额定的表空间，这个表空间在后续应用PDB$SEED创立PDB时会被复制到PDB中。

4.将数据库启动到nomount状态，而后执行下面createdb.sql脚本创立CDB

startup nomount;

@createdb.sql

当数据库创立胜利之后能够看到新建设的数据库被退出到/etc/oratab文件中。

cat /etc/oratab

+ASM:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid:N

ora12c: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1:N

orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N # line added by Agent

newdb:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1:N

yyh:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1:N

5.查看监听，根容器的服务ora12c.linux.com曾经被注册到监听中。

Service "ora12c.linux.com" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ora12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

6.运行catcdb.sql脚本创立CDB相干视图，运行之前请看上面的注意事项：

@?/rdbms/admin/catcdb.sql

注意事项：

1.在catcdb.pl执行过中须要输出两个参数，文档中并没有指出是什么参数，

第一个参数应输出： $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin

第二个参数应输出：catcdb.pl

2.环境变量中必须将$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin指定到PATH中，否则报如下谬误：

Can't locate Term/ReadKey.pm

3.须要将$ORACLE_HOME/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/Hash中的catcdb.pl文件内容:

use Data::Dumper;

use util qw(trim, splitToArray);

use catcon qw(catconSqlplus);

更改为

use Data::Dumper;

use Util qw(trim, splitToArray);

use catcon qw(catconSqlplus);

4.切换到$ORACLE_HOME/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/Hash目录中，而后sqlplus连贯到数据，在执行catcdb.sql，否则报如下谬误：

Can't locate Util.pm

5.开启local undo mode(因为下面再创立CDB时没有退出local undo mode子句)*

sys. ora12c>shutdown immediate

sys. ora12c>startup upgrade

sys. ora12c>alter database local undo on;

Database altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.72

查看是否为local undo mode：

SELECT property_name, property_value

FROM database_properties

WHERE property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';

PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE

LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED TRUE

Elapsed: 00:00:00.02

sys. ora12c>

重启数据库

shutdown immediate

startup

启动数据库的过程中会在PDB$SEED中主动创立UNDO表空间，提供给起初采纳PDB$SEED形式创立PDB所应用。

PS：如果CDB中曾经存在多个PDB，当在根容器中应用alter database local undo on;开启local undo mode时会主动为每个PDB创立local undo。

6.查看CDB是否曾经创立胜利

sys. ora12c>SELECT dbid, name, open_mode, cdb, con_id FROM v$database;

DBID NAME OPEN_MODE CDB CON_ID

323027068 ORA12C READ WRITE YES 0

Elapsed: 00:00:00.11

sys. ora12c>

此时CDB中含有两个容器：根容器CDB$ROOT和种子容器PDB$SEED，如下：

sys. ora12c>SELECT con_id, dbid, con_uid, guid, name FROM v$containers;

CON_ID DBID CON_UID GUID NAME

1 323027068 1 50A57CDEFD150C96E0530838A8C0206E CDB$ROOT

2 1453953285 1453953285 50A57CDEFD160C96E0530838A8C0206E PDB$SEED

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

sys. ora12c>SELECT con_id, tablespace_name, file_id, file_name

FROM cdb_data_files;

CON_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME

1 SYSTEM 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/system01.dbf

1 SYSAUX 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/sysaux01.dbf

1 UNDOTBS1 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/undotbs01.dbf

1 DEFTBS 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/deftbs01.dbf

Elapsed: 00:00:00.01

sys. ora12c>show con_id con_name user

CON_ID

CON_NAME

CDB$ROOT

USER is "SYS"

sys. ora12c>