打造一套NGINX监控
0. 前文
笔者之前无心查看nginx的拜访日志access.log文件，发现有很多的像/phpMyadmin/index.php这种拜访，IP归属地来自世界各地，应该有人在用肉鸡在始终扫描服务器破绽，就萌发了想打造一套nginx监控零碎的想法。我的要求很简略，只有能在网站上实时查看日志就行，不必每次去服务器查看。最开始我想到的是ELK这套解决方案，我之前我理解过，然而前面想了一下，ELK有点太重了，次要是外围的部件Elasticsearch是用Java写的，比拟占资源，用在我这里有点杀鸡用牛刀的感觉（服务器扛不住）。前面在网上查找的时候，理解到了loki+promtail+grafana的这套轻量级解决方案，便决定部署来试试看。
以下操作应用的是Centos 7进行演示
1. 装置nginx
编译nginx，加载ngx_http_geoip2_module模块，获取拜访ip的geoip2区域信息
1.1 下载、编译nginx
# 装置编译环境$ yum -y install gcc pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel# 下载安装libmaxminddb$ wget https://github.com/maxmind/libmaxminddb/releases/download/1.3.2/libmaxminddb-1.3.2.tar.gz$ tar -zxvf libmaxminddb-1.3.2.tar.gz$ cd libmaxminddb-1.3.2$ ./configure && make && make install$ echo /usr/local/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf $ ldconfig# 下载ngx_http_geoip2_module模块$ yum install -y git$ git clone https://github.com/leev/ngx_http_geoip2_module# 下载编译nginx$ wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz$ tar -zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz$ cd nginx-1.18.0# 如果之前曾经装置过nginx，能够用/path/to/nginx/sbin/nginx -V查看nginx编译参数# /root/ngx_http_geoip2_module换成你本人的门路$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --add-module=/root/ngx_http_geoip2_module$ make && make install1.2 下载GeoLite2数据库
maxmind官网下载，能下载最新的，但须要注册登录
笔者提供的，不是最新的，但应该也够用
GeoLite2-City_20220705.tar.gz
GeoLite2-Country_20220705.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf GeoLite2-City_20220705.tar.gz$ mv ./GeoLite2-City_20220705/GeoLite2-City.mmdb /usr/local/nginx/conf$ tar -zxvf GeoLite2-Country_20220705.tar.gz$ mv ./GeoLite2-Country_20220705/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb /usr/local/nginx/conf1.3 配置nginx
须要将日志格局配置成JSON，外面蕴含了geoip_country_code
http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format json_analytics '{' '"msec": "$msec", ' # request unixtime in seconds with a milliseconds resolution '"connection": "$connection", ' # connection serial number '"connection_requests": "$connection_requests", ' # number of requests made in connection '"pid": "$pid", ' # process pid '"request_id": "$request_id", ' # the unique request id '"request_length": "$request_length", ' # request length (including headers and body) '"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", ' # client IP '"remote_user": "$remote_user", ' # client HTTP username '"remote_port": "$remote_port", ' # client port '"time_local": "$time_local", ' '"time_iso8601": "$time_iso8601", ' # local time in the ISO 8601 standard format '"request": "$request", ' # full path no arguments if the request '"request_uri": "$request_uri", ' # full path and arguments if the request '"args": "$args", ' # args '"status": "$status", ' # response status code '"body_bytes_sent": "$body_bytes_sent", ' # the number of body bytes exclude headers sent to a client '"bytes_sent": "$bytes_sent", ' # the number of bytes sent to a client '"http_referer": "$http_referer", ' # HTTP referer '"http_user_agent": "$http_user_agent", ' # user agent '"http_x_forwarded_for": "$http_x_forwarded_for", ' # http_x_forwarded_for '"http_host": "$http_host", ' # the request Host: header '"server_name": "$server_name", ' # the name of the vhost serving the request '"request_time": "$request_time", ' # request processing time in seconds with msec resolution '"upstream": "$upstream_addr", ' # upstream backend server for proxied requests '"upstream_connect_time": "$upstream_connect_time", ' # upstream handshake time incl. TLS '"upstream_header_time": "$upstream_header_time", ' # time spent receiving upstream headers '"upstream_response_time": "$upstream_response_time", ' # time spend receiving upstream body '"upstream_response_length": "$upstream_response_length", ' # upstream response length '"upstream_cache_status": "$upstream_cache_status", ' # cache HIT/MISS where applicable '"ssl_protocol": "$ssl_protocol", ' # TLS protocol '"ssl_cipher": "$ssl_cipher", ' # TLS cipher '"scheme": "$scheme", ' # http or https '"request_method": "$request_method", ' # request method '"server_protocol": "$server_protocol", ' # request protocol, like HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2.0 '"pipe": "$pipe", ' # "p" if request was pipelined, "." otherwise '"gzip_ratio": "$gzip_ratio", ' '"http_cf_ray": "$http_cf_ray",' '"geoip_country_code": "$geoip2_data_country_code"' '}'; access_log logs/json_access.log json_analytics; geoip2 /usr/local/nginx/conf/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb { $geoip2_data_country_code country iso_code; $geoip2_data_country_name country names en; } geoip2 /usr/local/nginx/conf/GeoLite2-City.mmdb { $geoip2_data_city_name city names en; $geoip2_data_province_name subdivisions 0 names en; }}1.4 启动nginx
$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx2. 装置loki、promtail、grafana
应用docker部署，须要提前装置好docker，这里不再赘述，具体参见docker官网
docker官网
2.1 loki配置文件
auth_enabled: falseserver: http_listen_port: 3100 grpc_listen_port: 9096common: path_prefix: /tmp/loki storage: filesystem: chunks_directory: /tmp/loki/chunks rules_directory: /tmp/loki/rules replication_factor: 1 ring: instance_addr: 127.0.0.1 kvstore: store: inmemoryschema_config: configs: - from: 2020-10-24 store: boltdb-shipper object_store: filesystem schema: v11 index: prefix: index_ period: 24hruler: alertmanager_url: http://localhost:9093frontend: # Maximum number of outstanding requests per tenant per frontend; requests # beyond this error with HTTP 429. # CLI flag: -querier.max-outstanding-requests-per-tenant max_outstanding_per_tenant: 2048 # default = 100query_range: # Perform query parallelisations based on storage sharding configuration and # query ASTs. This feature is supported only by the chunks storage engine. # CLI flag: -querier.parallelise-shardable-queries parallelise_shardable_queries: false # default = truecompactor: retention_enabled: true retention_delete_delay: 1m delete_request_cancel_period: 1m也可从官网下载模板
$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grafana/loki/v2.6.1/cmd/loki/loki-local-config.yaml -O loki-config.yaml2.2 promtail配置文件
server: http_listen_port: 9080 grpc_listen_port: 0positions: filename: /tmp/positions.yamlclients: - url: http://loki:3100/loki/api/v1/pushscrape_configs:- job_name: system static_configs: - targets: - localhost labels: job: nginxlogs __path__: /var/log/json_access.log也可从官网下载模板
$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grafana/loki/v2.6.1/clients/cmd/promtail/promtail-docker-config.yaml -O promtail-config.yaml2.3 docker-compose.yml配置文件
version: '3'networks: loki:services: loki: image: "grafana/loki:2.5.0" ports: - "3100:3100" volumes: - /usr/local/Loki/conf:/etc/loki command: -config.file=/etc/loki/loki-config.yaml networks: - loki restart: always promtail: image: "grafana/promtail:2.5.0" volumes: - /usr/local/Loki/conf:/etc/promtail - /usr/local/nginx/logs:/var/log command: -config.file=/etc/promtail/promtail-config.yaml networks: - loki restart: always grafana: image: grafana/grafana:latest ports: - "3000:3000" networks: - loki restart: always也可从官网下载模板
$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grafana/loki/v2.6.1/production/docker-compose.yaml -O docker-compose.yaml注意事项：配置文件的地位以本人的为准（批改volumes），我都是放在/usr/local/Loki/conf中
2.4 启动loki、promtail、grafana
$ docker-compose up -d3. 配置Dashboard
都胜利启动后，就应该能够失常拜访了，grafana的默认端口是3000，能够依据须要进行映射或者再进行代理，笔者倡议间接带端口拜访，不须要再用nginx进行代理，若是须要用nginx进行代理，要牢记，不要让拜访grafana的日志呈现在nginx中，否则你每次拜访grafana，看到的都是拜访它本人的日志。
nginx不记录日志配置
access_log off;3.1 登录grafana
默认账号密码是admin/admin，登录后记得批改明码
3.1 增加数据源
点击增加数据源，抉择Loki
URL输出http://loki:3100，点击保留和测试，呈现'Data source connected and labels found'的提醒就OK了
3.1 增加Dashboard
点击import，输出12559，再导入，这是他人制作好的现成的模板，你也能够本人制作属于本人的模板，或者去grafana搜寻模板，grafana dashboards
当初功败垂成！
注意事项：配置较差的机器（轻量应用服务器）不要抉择太长的工夫区间进行搜寻，会很慢，甚至报错