1 . 前言
Virtual APK是滴滴出行自研的一款优良的插件化框架,其次要开发人员有任玉刚老师
说到任玉刚老师,他能够说是我Android FrameWork层的启蒙老师。刚接触Android的时候,在拖了几年控件、写了一些CURD操作后,就得出了这样的论断:客户端太无聊了,当初曾经齐全精通安卓开发了。直到有一天看了一本叫做《Android开发艺术摸索》的书,不禁感叹:原来Android开发居然还能这么玩,之前的认知切实是肤浅
言归正传,Virtual APK的个性和应用办法不是本文重点,如有须要理解更多请移步VirtualAPK的个性和应用办法。本文次要针对Virtual APK的实现做解说。
2 . 重要的知识点
- Activity启动流程(AMS)
- DexClassLoader
- 动静代理
- 反射
- 播送的动静注册
3 . 宿主App的实现
中心思想:
- 对插件APK进行解析,获取插件APK的信息
- 在框架初始化时,对一系列零碎组件和接口进行替换,从而对Activity、Service、ContentProvider的启动和生命周期进行批改和监控,达到欺瞒零碎或者劫持零碎的目标来启动插件Apk的对应组件。
3.1 插件Apk的解析和加载
插件Apk的加载在PluginManager#loadPlugin
办法,在加载实现后,会生成一个LoadedPlugin
对象并保留在Map中。LoadedPlugin里保留里插件Apk里绝大多数的重要信息和一个DexClassLoader,这个DexClassLoader是作为插件Apk的类加载器应用。
看下LoadedPlugin的具体实现,正文表明了各个属性的含意:
public LoadedPlugin(PluginManager pluginManager, Context context, File apk) throws Exception { // PluginManager this.mPluginManager = pluginManager; // 宿主Context this.mHostContext = context; // 插件apk门路 this.mLocation = apk.getAbsolutePath(); this.mPackage = PackageParserCompat.parsePackage(context, apk, PackageParser.PARSE_MUST_BE_APK); // 插件apk metadata this.mPackage.applicationInfo.metaData = this.mPackage.mAppMetaData; // 插件apk package信息 this.mPackageInfo = new PackageInfo(); this.mPackageInfo.applicationInfo = this.mPackage.applicationInfo; this.mPackageInfo.applicationInfo.sourceDir = apk.getAbsolutePath(); // 插件apk 签名信息 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 28 || (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == 27 && Build.VERSION.PREVIEW_SDK_INT != 0)) { // Android P Preview try { this.mPackageInfo.signatures = this.mPackage.mSigningDetails.signatures; } catch (Throwable e) { PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES); this.mPackageInfo.signatures = info.signatures; } } else { this.mPackageInfo.signatures = this.mPackage.mSignatures; } // 插件apk 包名 this.mPackageInfo.packageName = this.mPackage.packageName; // 如果曾经加载过雷同的apk, 抛出异样 if (pluginManager.getLoadedPlugin(mPackageInfo.packageName) != null) { throw new RuntimeException("plugin has already been loaded : " + mPackageInfo.packageName); } this.mPackageInfo.versionCode = this.mPackage.mVersionCode; this.mPackageInfo.versionName = this.mPackage.mVersionName; this.mPackageInfo.permissions = new PermissionInfo[0]; this.mPackageManager = createPluginPackageManager(); this.mPluginContext = createPluginContext(null); this.mNativeLibDir = getDir(context, Constants.NATIVE_DIR); this.mPackage.applicationInfo.nativeLibraryDir = this.mNativeLibDir.getAbsolutePath(); // 创立插件的资源管理器 this.mResources = createResources(context, getPackageName(), apk); // 创立 一个dexClassLoader this.mClassLoader = createClassLoader(context, apk, this.mNativeLibDir, context.getClassLoader()); tryToCopyNativeLib(apk); // Cache instrumentations Map<ComponentName, InstrumentationInfo> instrumentations = new HashMap<ComponentName, InstrumentationInfo>(); for (PackageParser.Instrumentation instrumentation : this.mPackage.instrumentation) { instrumentations.put(instrumentation.getComponentName(), instrumentation.info); } this.mInstrumentationInfos = Collections.unmodifiableMap(instrumentations); this.mPackageInfo.instrumentation = instrumentations.values().toArray(new InstrumentationInfo[instrumentations.size()]); // Cache activities // 保留插件apk的Activity信息 Map<ComponentName, ActivityInfo> activityInfos = new HashMap<ComponentName, ActivityInfo>(); for (PackageParser.Activity activity : this.mPackage.activities) { activity.info.metaData = activity.metaData; activityInfos.put(activity.getComponentName(), activity.info); } this.mActivityInfos = Collections.unmodifiableMap(activityInfos); this.mPackageInfo.activities = activityInfos.values().toArray(new ActivityInfo[activityInfos.size()]); // Cache services // 保留插件apk的Service信息 Map<ComponentName, ServiceInfo> serviceInfos = new HashMap<ComponentName, ServiceInfo>(); for (PackageParser.Service service : this.mPackage.services) { serviceInfos.put(service.getComponentName(), service.info); } this.mServiceInfos = Collections.unmodifiableMap(serviceInfos); this.mPackageInfo.services = serviceInfos.values().toArray(new ServiceInfo[serviceInfos.size()]); // Cache providers // 保留插件apk的ContentProvider信息 Map<String, ProviderInfo> providers = new HashMap<String, ProviderInfo>(); Map<ComponentName, ProviderInfo> providerInfos = new HashMap<ComponentName, ProviderInfo>(); for (PackageParser.Provider provider : this.mPackage.providers) { providers.put(provider.info.authority, provider.info); providerInfos.put(provider.getComponentName(), provider.info); } this.mProviders = Collections.unmodifiableMap(providers); this.mProviderInfos = Collections.unmodifiableMap(providerInfos); this.mPackageInfo.providers = providerInfos.values().toArray(new ProviderInfo[providerInfos.size()]); // 将所有动态注册的播送全副改为动静注册 Map<ComponentName, ActivityInfo> receivers = new HashMap<ComponentName, ActivityInfo>(); for (PackageParser.Activity receiver : this.mPackage.receivers) { receivers.put(receiver.getComponentName(), receiver.info); BroadcastReceiver br = BroadcastReceiver.class.cast(getClassLoader().loadClass(receiver.getComponentName().getClassName()).newInstance()); for (PackageParser.ActivityIntentInfo aii : receiver.intents) { this.mHostContext.registerReceiver(br, aii); } } this.mReceiverInfos = Collections.unmodifiableMap(receivers); this.mPackageInfo.receivers = receivers.values().toArray(new ActivityInfo[receivers.size()]); // try to invoke plugin's application // 创立插件apk的Application对象 invokeApplication(); }
3.2 Activity的启动解决及生命周期治理
Virtual APK启动插件APK中Activity的整体计划:
- Hook Instrumentaion 和主线程Halder的callback,在重要启动过程节点对Intent或Activity进行替换
- 在宿主APP中事后设置一些
插桩Activity
,这些插桩Activity并不会真正的启动,而是对AMS进行坑骗。如果启动的Activity是插件APK中的,则依据该Actiivty的启动模式抉择适合的插桩Activity, AMS在启动阶段对插桩Activity解决后,在创立Activity实例阶段,理论创立插件APK中要启动的Activity。
3.2.1 插桩Activity的申明:
插桩Activity有很多个,挑一些看一下:
<!-- Stub Activities --> <activity android:exported="false" android:name=".A$1" android:launchMode="standard"/> <activity android:exported="false" android:name=".A$2" android:launchMode="standard" android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Translucent" /> <!-- Stub Activities --> <activity android:exported="false" android:name=".B$1" android:launchMode="singleTop"/> <activity android:exported="false" android:name=".B$2" android:launchMode="singleTop"/> <activity android:exported="false" android:name=".B$3"
3.2.2 hook Instrumentation
- 将零碎提供的Instrumentation替换为自定义的VAInstrumentation,将主线程Handler的Callback也替换为VAInstrumentation(VAInstrumentation 实现了Handler.Callback接口)
protected void hookInstrumentationAndHandler() { try { // 获取以后过程的activityThread ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.currentActivityThread(); // 获取以后过程的Instrumentation Instrumentation baseInstrumentation = activityThread.getInstrumentation(); // 创立自定义Instrumentation final VAInstrumentation instrumentation = createInstrumentation(baseInstrumentation); // 将以后过程原有的Instrumentation对象替换为自定义的 Reflector.with(activityThread).field("mInstrumentation").set(instrumentation); // 将以后过程原有的主线程Hander的callback替换为自定义的 Handler mainHandler = Reflector.with(activityThread).method("getHandler").call(); Reflector.with(mainHandler).field("mCallback").set(instrumentation); this.mInstrumentation = instrumentation; Log.d(TAG, "hookInstrumentationAndHandler succeed : " + mInstrumentation); } catch (Exception e) { Log.w(TAG, e); } }
3.2.3 启动Activity时对AMS进行坑骗
如果咱们相熟Activity启动流程的话,咱们肯定晓得Activity的启动和生命周期治理,都间接通过Instrumentation进行治理的。--如果不相熟也没关系,能够看我之前写的AMS系列文章,看完保障秒懂(雾)。VAInstrumentation重写了这个类的一些重要办法,咱们依据Activity启动流程一个一个说
3.2.3.1 execStartActivity
这个办法有很多个重载,挑其中一个:
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target, Intent intent, int requestCode) { // 对原始Intent进行解决 injectIntent(intent); return mBase.execStartActivity(who, contextThread, token, target, intent, requestCode); }
injectIntent
办法对Intent的解决在ComponentsHandler#markIntentIfNeeded
办法,对原始Intent进行解析,获取指标Actiivty的包名和类名,如果指标Activity的包名和以后过程不同且该包名对应的LoadedPlugin对象存在,则阐明它是咱们加载过的插件APK中的Activity,则对该Intent的指标进行替换:
public void markIntentIfNeeded(Intent intent) { ... String targetPackageName = intent.getComponent().getPackageName(); String targetClassName = intent.getComponent().getClassName(); // 判断是否须要启动的是插件Apk的Activity if (!targetPackageName.equals(mContext.getPackageName()) && mPluginManager.getLoadedPlugin(targetPackageName) != null) { ... // 将原始Intent的指标Acitivy替换为预设的插桩Activity中的一个 dispatchStubActivity(intent); } }
dispatchStubActivity办法依据原始Intent的启动模式抉择适合的插桩Activity,将原始Intent中的类名批改为插桩Activity的类名,示例代码:
case ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP: { usedSingleTopStubActivity = usedSingleTopStubActivity % MAX_COUNT_SINGLETOP + 1; stubActivity = String.format(STUB_ACTIVITY_SINGLETOP, corePackage, usedSingleTopStubActivity); break; } case ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK: { usedSingleTaskStubActivity = usedSingleTaskStubActivity % MAX_COUNT_SINGLETASK + 1; stubActivity = String.format(STUB_ACTIVITY_SINGLETASK, corePackage, usedSingleTaskStubActivity); break; } case ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE: { usedSingleInstanceStubActivity = usedSingleInstanceStubActivity % MAX_COUNT_SINGLEINSTANCE + 1; stubActivity = String.format(STUB_ACTIVITY_SINGLEINSTANCE, corePackage, usedSingleInstanceStubActivity); break; }
3.2.3.2 newActivity
如果只是对原始Intent进行替换,那么最终启动的会是插桩Activity,这显然达不到启动插件Apk中Acitivty的目标,在Activity实例创立阶段,还须要对理论创立的Actiivty进行替换,办法在VAInstrumentation#newActivity
:
@Override public Activity newActivity(ClassLoader cl, String className, Intent intent) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException { try { cl.loadClass(className); Log.i(TAG, String.format("newActivity[%s]", className)); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { ComponentName component = PluginUtil.getComponent(intent); String targetClassName = component.getClassName(); Log.i(TAG, String.format("newActivity[%s : %s/%s]", className, component.getPackageName(), targetClassName)); LoadedPlugin plugin = this.mPluginManager.getLoadedPlugin(component); // 应用在LoadedPlugin对象中创立的DexClassLoader进行类加载,该ClassLoader指向插件APK所在门路 Activity activity = mBase.newActivity(plugin.getClassLoader(), targetClassName, intent); activity.setIntent(intent); // 插件Activity实例创立后,将Resource替换为插件APK的资源 Reflector.QuietReflector.with(activity).field("mResources").set(plugin.getResources()); return newActivity(activity); } return newActivity(mBase.newActivity(cl, className, intent)); }
如果咱们启动的是插件APK里的Activity,这个办法的Catch语句块是肯定会被执行的,因为入参className曾经被替换为插桩Activity的,然而咱们只是在宿主App的AndroidManifest.xml中定义了这些Actiivty,并没有真正的实现。在进入Catch语句块后,应用LoadedPlugin中保留的DexClassloader进行Activity的创立。
3.2.3.3 AMS对插件APK中的Activity治理
看到这里,可能就会有同学有问题了,你把要启动的Activity给替换了,然而AMS中不是还记录的是插桩Actiivty么,那么这个Activity实例后续跟AMS的交互怎么办?那岂不是在AMS中的记录找不到了?释怀,不会呈现这个问题的。温习之前AMS系列文章咱们就会晓得,AMS中对Activity治理的根据是一个叫appToken的Binder实例,在客户端对应的token会在Instrumentation#newActivity执行实现后调用Activity#attach办法传递给Actiivty。
这也是为什么对AMS进行坑骗这种插件化计划可行的起因,因为后续治理是应用的token,如果Android应用className之类的来治理的话,恐怕这种计划就不太好实现了。
3.2.3.4 替换Context、applicaiton、Resources
在零碎创立插件Activity的Context创立实现之后,须要将其替换为PluginContext,PluginContext和Context的区别是其外部保留有一个LoadedPlugin对象,不便对Context中的资源进行替换。代码在VAInstrumentaiton#injectActivity
,调用处在VAInstrumentaiton#callActivityOnCreate
protected void injectActivity(Activity activity) { final Intent intent = activity.getIntent(); if (PluginUtil.isIntentFromPlugin(intent)) { Context base = activity.getBaseContext(); try { LoadedPlugin plugin = this.mPluginManager.getLoadedPlugin(intent); Reflector.with(base).field("mResources").set(plugin.getResources()); Reflector reflector = Reflector.with(activity); reflector.field("mBase").set(plugin.createPluginContext(activity.getBaseContext())); reflector.field("mApplication").set(plugin.getApplication()); // set screenOrientation ActivityInfo activityInfo = plugin.getActivityInfo(PluginUtil.getComponent(intent)); if (activityInfo.screenOrientation != ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED) { activity.setRequestedOrientation(activityInfo.screenOrientation); } // for native activity ComponentName component = PluginUtil.getComponent(intent); Intent wrapperIntent = new Intent(intent); wrapperIntent.setClassName(component.getPackageName(), component.getClassName()); wrapperIntent.setExtrasClassLoader(activity.getClassLoader()); activity.setIntent(wrapperIntent); } catch (Exception e) { Log.w(TAG, e); } } }
3.3 Service的解决
Virtual APK启动插件APK中Activity的整体计划:
- 应用动静代理代理宿主APP中所有对于Service的申请
- 判断是否为插件APK中的Service,如果不是,则阐明为宿主 APP中的,间接关上即可
- 如果是插件APK中的Service,则判断是否为远端Service,如果是远端Service,则启动RemoteService,并在其StartCommand办法中依据所代理的生命周期办法进行解决
- 如果是本地Service,则启动LocalService,并在其StartCommand办法中依据所代理的生命周期办法进行解决
3.3.1 插件化框架初始化时代理零碎的IActivityManager
IActivityManager是AMS的实现接口,它的实现类别离是ActivityManagerService和其proxy
这里咱们须要代理的是Proxy,实现办法在PluginManager#hookSystemServices
protected void hookSystemServices() { try { Singleton<IActivityManager对象> defaultSingleton; // 获取IActivityManager对象 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) { defaultSingleton = Reflector.on(ActivityManager.class).field("IActivityManagerSingleton").get(); } else { defaultSingleton = Reflector.on(ActivityManagerNative.class).field("gDefault").get(); } IActivityManager origin = defaultSingleton.get(); // 创立activityManager对象的动静代理 IActivityManager activityManager对象的动静代理 = (IActivityManager) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mContext.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { IActivityManager.class }, createActivityManagerProxy(origin)); // 应用动静代理替换之前的IActivityManager对象实例 Reflector.with(defaultSingleton).field("mInstance").set(activityManagerProxy); if (defaultSingleton.get() == activityManagerProxy) { this.mActivityManager = activityManagerProxy; Log.d(TAG, "hookSystemServices succeed : " + mActivityManager); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.w(TAG, e); } }
通过将动静代理对系统创立的ActivityManager的proxy进行替换,这样,调用AMS办法时,会转到ActivityManagerProxy的invoke办法,并依据办法名对Service的生命周期进行治理,生命周期办法较多,筛选其中一个:
@Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { if ("startService".equals(method.getName())) { try { return startService(proxy, method, args); } catch (Throwable e) { Log.e(TAG, "Start service error", e); } }
startService:
protected Object startService(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { IApplicationThread appThread = (IApplicationThread) args[0]; Intent target = (Intent) args[1]; ResolveInfo resolveInfo = this.mPluginManager.resolveService(target, 0); if (null == resolveInfo || null == resolveInfo.serviceInfo) { // 插件中没找到,阐明是宿主APP本人的Service return method.invoke(this.mActivityManager, args); } // 启动插件APK中的Service return startDelegateServiceForTarget(target, resolveInfo.serviceInfo, null, RemoteService.EXTRA_COMMAND_START_SERVICE); }
startDelegateServiceForTarget
中会调用wrapperTargetIntent
解决,最终在RemoteService或者LocalService的onStartCommand中对Service的各生命周期解决。
须要留神的是,在RemoteService中须要从新对APK进行解析和装载,生成LoadedPlugin,因为它运行在另一个过程中。
这也阐明插件APK的Service过程如果申明了多个是有效的,因为他们最终都会运行在宿主RemoteService所在过程。
3.4 ContentProvider的解决
ContentProvicer的解决和Service是相似的,不多说了。
4 . 插件App的实现
插件APP实践上并不需要做什么非凡解决,惟一须要留神的是资源文件的抵触问题,因而,须要在插件工程app目录下的build.gradle中增加如下代码:
virtualApk { packageId = 0x6f // the package id of Resources. targetHost = '../../VirtualAPK/app' // the path of application module in host project. applyHostMapping = true //optional, default value: true.}
它的作用是在插件APK编译时对资源ID进行重写,解决办法在ResourceCollector.groovy文件的collect
办法:
def collect() { //1、First, collect all resources by parsing the R symbol file. parseResEntries(allRSymbolFile, allResources, allStyleables) //2、Then, collect host resources by parsing the host apk R symbol file, should be stripped. parseResEntries(hostRSymbolFile, hostResources, hostStyleables) //3、Compute the resources that should be retained in the plugin apk. filterPluginResources() //4、Reassign the resource ID. If the resource entry exists in host apk, the reassign ID // should be same with value in host apk; If the resource entry is owned by plugin project, // then we should recalculate the ID value. reassignPluginResourceId() //5、Collect all the resources in the retained AARs, to regenerate the R java file that uses the new resource ID vaContext.retainedAarLibs.each { gatherReservedAarResources(it) } }
首先获取插件app和宿主app的资源汇合,而后寻找其中抵触的资源id进行批改,批改id是 reassignPluginResourceId办法:
private void reassignPluginResourceId() { // 对资源ID依据typeId进行排序 resourceIdList.sort { t1, t2 -> t1.typeId - t2.typeId } int lastType = 1 // 重写资源ID resourceIdList.each { if (it.typeId < 0) { return } def typeId = 0 def entryId = 0 typeId = lastType++ pluginResources.get(it.resType).each { it.setNewResourceId(virtualApk.packageId, typeId, entryId++) } } }
这里要说一下资源ID的组成:
资源ID是一个32位的16进制整数,前8位代表app, 接下来8位代表typeId(string、layout、id等),从01开始累加,前面四位为资源id,从0000开始累加。轻易反编译了一个apk,看一下其中一部分的构造:
对资源ID的遍历应用了双重循环,外层循环从01开始对typeId进行遍历,内层循环从0000开始对typeId对应的资源ID进行遍历,并且在内层循环调用setNewResourceId
进行重写:
public void setNewResourceId(packageId, typeId, entryId) { newResourceId = packageId << 24 | typeId << 16 | entryId }
packageId是咱们在build.gradle中定义的virtualApk.packageId,将其左移24位,与资源id的前8位对应,typeId与第9-16位对应,前面是资源id
这样,在插件app编译过程中就实现了抵触资源id的替换,前面也不会有抵触的问题了
5 . 总结
回顾整个Virtual APK的实现,其实逻辑并不是特地简单,然而能够看到作者们对AMS以及资源加载、类加载器等API的相熟水平,如果不是对这些常识体系特地精通的话,是很难实现的,甚至连思路都不可能有,这也是咱们学习源码的意义所在。
本文转自 https://www.androidos.net.cn/doc/2021/10/13/1024.html,如有侵权,请分割删除。
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