作者:坚果

公众号:"大前端之旅"

华为云享专家,InfoQ签约作者,阿里云专家博主,51CTO博客首席体验官,开源我的项目GVA成员之一,专一于大前端技术的分享,包含Flutter,小程序,安卓,VUE,JavaScript。

本文将疏导您理解在 Flutter 和 Dart 中勾销 future 的 3 种不同办法。

应用异步包(举荐)

async包由 Dart 编程语言的作者开发和公布。它提供了dart:async格调的实用程序来加强异步计算。能够帮忙咱们勾销Future的是CancelableOperation类:

var myCancelableFuture = CancelableOperation.fromFuture(  Future<T> inner,   { FutureOr onCancel()? })// call the cancel() method to cancel the futuremyCancelableFuture.cancel();

为了更分明,请参阅上面的理论示例。

残缺示例

利用预览

咱们要构建的应用程序有一个浮动按钮。按下此按钮时,将开始异步操作(这须要 5 秒能力实现)。按钮的背景从靛蓝变为红色,其标签从“开始”变为“勾销”,当初您能够应用它来勾销Future。

  • 如果您在Future实现前 5 秒内点击勾销按钮,屏幕将显示“Future已被勾销”。
  • 如果您什么都不做,则 5 秒后屏幕将显示“Future completed”。

一个演示价值超过一千字:

代码

1.通过执行以下操作装置异步包:

flutter pub add async

而后运行:

flutter pub get

2.main.dart 中的残缺源代码(附解释):

// main.dartimport 'package:flutter/material.dart';import 'package:async/async.dart';void main() {  runApp(const MyApp());}class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {  const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);  @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    return MaterialApp(        // Remove the debug banner        debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,        title: '大前端之旅',        theme: ThemeData(          primarySwatch: Colors.indigo,        ),        home: const HomePage());  }}class HomePage extends StatefulWidget {  const HomePage({Key? key}) : super(key: key);  @override  _HomePageState createState() => _HomePageState();}class _HomePageState extends State<HomePage> {  // this future will return some text once it completes  Future<String?> _myFuture() async {    await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 5));    return 'Future completed';  }  // keep a reference to CancelableOperation  CancelableOperation? _myCancelableFuture;  // This is the result returned by the future  String? _text;  // Help you know whether the app is "loading" or not  bool _isLoading = false;  // This function is called when the "start" button is pressed  void _getData() async {    setState(() {      _isLoading = true;    });    _myCancelableFuture = CancelableOperation.fromFuture(      _myFuture(),      onCancel: () => 'Future has been canceld',    );    final value = await _myCancelableFuture?.value;    // update the UI    setState(() {      _text = value;      _isLoading = false;    });  }  // this function is called when the "cancel" button is tapped  void _cancelFuture() async {    final result = await _myCancelableFuture?.cancel();    setState(() {      _text = result;      _isLoading = false;    });  }  @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    return Scaffold(      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('大前端之旅')),      body: Center(        child: _isLoading            ? const CircularProgressIndicator()            : Text(                _text ?? 'Press Start Button',                style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 28),              ),      ),      // This button is used to trigger _getDate() and _cancelFuture() functions      // the function is called depends on the _isLoading variable      floatingActionButton: ElevatedButton(        onPressed: () => _isLoading ? _cancelFuture() : _getData(),        child: Text(_isLoading ? 'Cancel' : 'Start'),        style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(            padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 20, horizontal: 30),            primary: _isLoading ? Colors.red : Colors.indigo),      ),    );  }}

应用 timeout() 办法

这种办法既疾速又简略。然而,它不是很灵便。

应用timeout()办法,您能够限度Future的工夫(例如 3 秒)。如果 future 及时实现,它的值将被返回。另一方面,如果Future超过限度工夫,将执行onTimeout函数:

Future<T> timeout(   Duration timeLimit,  {FutureOr<T> onTimeout()?})

疾速示例

创立一个虚构的Future:

Future<String?> _myFuture() async {    await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 10));    return 'Future completed';}

设置超时 3 秒:

_myFuture().timeout(      const Duration(seconds: 3),      onTimeout: () =>          'The process took too much time to finish. Please try again later',);

将Future转换为流

您能够应用 Future 类的asStream()办法来创立一个蕴含原始Future后果的流。当初您能够勾销对该流的订阅。

疾速示例

// don't forget to import thisimport 'dart:async';// Create a demo futureFuture<dynamic> _loadData() async {    await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 10));    return 'Some Data';}// a reference to the stream subscription// so that we can call _sub.cancel() laterStreamSubscription<dynamic>? _sub;// convert the future to a stream_sub = _loadData().asStream().listen((data) {    // do something with "data"    print(data); });// cancel the stream subscription_sub.cancel();

请留神,这个疾速示例仅简要形容了事物的工作原理。您必须对其进行批改以使其可在现有我的项目中运行。

论断

你曾经学会了不止一种办法来勾销 Flutter 中的Future。从其中抉择一个以在您的应用程序中实现,以使其在解决异步工作时更加强壮和吸引人。