疾速配置

创立我的项目

下载并引入依赖包

下载地址：Spring-5.3.9
官网下载方式参考：官网下载Spring的jar包教程

编写代码

写一个一般类用作注入的bean：

package com.hqz;public class Student {    public void study() {        System.out.println("I am learning");    }}

编写配置文件（配置文件的头部信息是固定的）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">    <bean id="student" class="com.hqz.Student"/></beans>

测试类：

package com.hqz;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;public class Test {    public static void main(String[] args) {        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");        Student student = applicationContext.getBean("student", Student.class);        student.study();    }}

最终的我的项目构造如下图所示：

Bean治理

XML形式

创建对象

<bean id="dao" class="com.hqz.UserDao"></bean>

三种属性注入形式

set办法注入

public Class Book {    private String name;        public void SetName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }}

<bean id="book" class="com.hqz.Book">    <property name="name" value="金瓶梅"></property></bean>

有参结构注入

public Class Orders {    private String name;    private String address;        public Orders(String name, String address) {        this.name = name;        this.address = address;    }}

<bean id="orders" class="com.hqz.Orders">    <!-- 通过属性名称来注入 -->    <constructor-arg name="name" value="西游记"></constructor-arg>    <!-- 通过属性索引值来注入 -->    <constructor-arg index="0" value="中国"></constructor-arg></bean>

p名称空间注入

第一步：增加p名称空间在配置文件中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       <!-- 增加p名称空间在配置文件中 -->       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">    <bean id="user" class="com.hqz.User"/></beans>

第二步：进行属性注入，在bean标签外面进行操作

<bean id="book" class="com.hqz.Book" p:name="三国演义"></bean>

各种数据类型注入

注入null值

<bean id="book" class="com.hqz.Book">       <property name="name">        <null/>    </property></bean>

注入特殊符号

<bean id="book" class="com.hqz.Book">    <!-- 谬误写法 -->    <property name="name" value="<<南京>>"></property>        <!-- 正确写法 -->    <property name="name">        <value>            <![CDATA[<<南京>>]]>        </value>    </property></bean>

注入内部bean

应用ref注入

<bean id="userService" class="com.hqz.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">    <property name="userDao" ref="userDaoImplId" /></bean><bean id="userDaoImplId" class="com.hqz.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl" />

注入外部bean

<!-- 形式一：外部bean --><bean id="emp" class="com.hqz.bean.Emp">    <property name="name" value="张三"/>    <property name="sex" value="女"/>    <property name="dept">        <bean id="dept" class="com.hqz.bean.Dept">            <property name="name" value="技术部"/>        </bean>    </property></bean><!-- 形式二：级联赋值 --><bean id="emp" class="com.hqz.bean.Emp">    <property name="name" value="张三"/>    <property name="sex" value="女"/>    <property name="dept" ref="dept" /></bean><bean id="dept" class="com.hqz.bean.Dept">    <property name="name" value="财务部"/></bean><!-- 形式三 --><bean id="emp" class="com.hqz.bean.Emp">    <property name="name" value="张三"/>    <property name="sex" value="女"/>    <property name="dept" ref="dept"/>    <property name="dept.name" value="行政部" /></bean><bean id="dept" class="com.hqz.bean.Dept" />

//部门类package com.hqz.bean;public class Dept {    private String name;    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }}

//员工类package com.hqz.bean;public class Emp {    private String name;    private String sex;    private Dept dept;    public Dept getDept() {        return dept;    }    public void setDept(Dept dept) {        this.dept = dept;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public String getSex() {        return sex;    }    public void setSex(String sex) {        this.sex = sex;    }}

注入汇合属性

数组类型属性注入

public class Student {    private String[] names;    public void setNames(String[] names) {        this.names = names;    }}

<bean id="student" class="com.hqz.Student">    <property name="names">        <!-- 数组类型属性注入 -->        <array>            <value>张三</value>            <value>李四</value>        </array>    </property></bean>

list类型属性注入

public class Student {    private List<String> names;    public void setNames(List<String> names) {        this.names = names;    }}

<bean id="student" class="com.hqz.Student">    <property name="names">        <!-- list类型属性注入 -->        <list>            <value>张三</value>            <value>李四</value>        </list>    </property></bean>

map类型属性注入

public class Student {    private Map<String, String> maps;    public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) {        this.maps = maps;    }}

<bean id="student" class="com.hqz.Student">    <property name="maps">        <!-- map类型属性注入 -->        <map>            <entry key="name" value="张三"/>            <entry key="age" value="20"/>        </map>    </property></bean>

set类型属性注入

public class Student {    private Set<String> sets;    public void setSets(Set<String> sets) {        this.sets = sets;    }}

<bean id="student" class="com.hqz.Student">    <property name="sets">        <!-- set类型属性注入 -->        <set>            <value>李四</value>        </set>    </property></bean>

注入对象到汇合中

public class Book {    private String bookName;    public void setBookName(String bookName) {        this.bookName = bookName;    }}

public class Library {    private List<Book> bookList;    public void setBookList(List<Book> bookList) {        this.bookList = bookList;    }}

<bean id="book" class="com.hqz.Book">    <property name="bookName" value="语文" /></bean><bean id="library" class="com.hqz.Library">    <property name="bookList">        <list>            <ref bean="book"></ref>        </list>    </property></bean>

提取汇合注入

把通用的汇合列表提取进去，不便在多个中央进行援用。

引入util命名空间

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">    </beans>

创立bean类

public class Library {    private List<String> bookList;    public void setBookList(List<String> bookList) {        this.bookList = bookList;    }}

编写配置类

<util:list id="bookListId">    <value>《三国演义》</value>    <value>《西游记》</value>    <value>《水浒传》</value>    <value>《红楼梦》</value></util:list><bean id="library" class="com.hqz.Library">    <property name="bookList" ref="bookListId"/></bean>

内部属性文件

引入命名空间

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">    </beans>

编写内部文件
jdbc.properties

prop.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driverprop.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/userDbprop.userName=rootprop.password=root

配置

<!-- 引入内部属性文件 --><context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/><!-- 配置连接池 --><bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">    <property name="driverClassName" value="${prop.driverClass}"/>    <property name="url" value="${prop.url}"/>    <property name="userName" value="${prop.userName}"/>    <property name="password" value="${prop.password}"/></bean>

注解形式

创建对象

配置文件中开启组件扫描

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">    <!-- 开启组件扫描        1、如果扫描多个名，能够用逗号隔开        2、或者扫描下层目录     -->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hqz.dao,com.hqz.service"/></beans>

增加注解

package com.hqz.service;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;//在注解外面value属性值能够不写//默认值是类名称，首字母小写@Component(value = "userService")public class UserService {    public void add() {        System.out.println("中华人民共和国");    }}

组件扫描配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">    <!-- 开启组件扫描        1、如果扫描多个名，能够用逗号隔开        2、或者扫描下层目录     -->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hqz.dao,com.hqz.service"/>    <!-- 示例1        use-default-filters="false"，示意当初不应用默认filter，本人配置filter        context:include-filter，设置扫描哪些内容    -->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hqz" use-default-filters="false">        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>    </context:component-scan>    <!-- 示例2        设置哪些内容不扫描     -->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hqz">        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>    </context:component-scan></beans>

注解阐明

@AutoWired：依据属性类型进行主动拆卸

@Servicepublic class UserService {        @Autowired    private UserDao userDao;        public void add() {        userDao.add();    }}

@Qualifier：依据属性名称进行注入（比方有多个实现类的接口）

@Servicepublic class UserService {    @Autowired    @Qualifier( value = "userDaoImpl")    private UserDao userDao;    public void add() {        userDao.add();    }}

@Resource：能够依据类型注入，也能够依据名称注入

@Servicepublic class UserService {    @Resource    private UserDao userDao;    public void add() {        userDao.add();    }}

@Value：注入一般类型属性

public class Book {    @Value("《金瓶梅》")    private String bookName;}

齐全注解开发

创立配置类，代替xml配置文件

//作为配置类，代替xml@Configuration@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.hqz"})public class SpringConfig {    }

应用

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);

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