音讯机制

Pulsar 采纳公布-订阅(pub-sub)的设计模式 。 该设计模式中,producer 公布音讯到 topic, Consumer 订阅 topic、解决公布的音讯,并在解决实现后发送确认。

一旦创立订阅,即便 consumer 断开连接,Pulsar 依然能够保留所有音讯。 在 consumer 确认音讯已解决胜利后,才会删除音讯。

主题(Topic)

逻辑上一个Topic是日志构造,每个音讯都在这个日志构造中有一个偏移量。Apache Pulsar应用游标来跟踪偏移量(Cursor Tracking)。

Pulsar 反对两种根本的 topic 类型:长久 topic 与非长久 topic。

{persistent|non-persistent}://tenant/namespace/topic
  • Non-Partitioned topics
$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin topics \list public/default$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin topics \create persistent://public/default/input-seed-avro-topic$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin topics \lookup persistent://public/default/input-seed-avro-topic$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin topics \delete persistent://public/default/input-seed-avro-topic$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin topics \stats persistent://public/default/input-seed-avro-topic$ curl http://server-101:8080/admin/v2/persistent/public/default/exclamation-input/stats | python -m json.tool

Partitioned topics

$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin topics \create-partitioned-topic persistent://public/default/output-seed-avro-topic \--partitions 2$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin topics \list-partitioned-topics public/default$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin topics \get-partitioned-topic-metadata persistent://public/default/output-seed-avro-topic$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin topics \delete-partitioned-topic persistent://public/default/output-seed-avro-topic

音讯(Message)

Messages are the basic "unit" of Pulsar.

public interface Message<T> {    Map<String, String> getProperties();    boolean hasProperty(String var1);    String getProperty(String var1);    byte[] getData();    T getValue();    MessageId getMessageId();    long getPublishTime();    long getEventTime();    long getSequenceId();    String getProducerName();    boolean hasKey();    String getKey();    boolean hasBase64EncodedKey();    byte[] getKeyBytes();    boolean hasOrderingKey();    byte[] getOrderingKey();    String getTopicName();    Optional<EncryptionContext> getEncryptionCtx();    int getRedeliveryCount();    byte[] getSchemaVersion();    boolean isReplicated();    String getReplicatedFrom();}

生产者(Producer)

public void send() throws PulsarClientException {    final String serviceUrl = "pulsar://server-100:6650";    // final String serviceUrl = "pulsar://server-101:6650,server-102:6650,server-103:6650";    // http://pulsar.apache.org/docs/en/client-libraries-java/#client    final PulsarClient client = PulsarClient.builder()            .serviceUrl(serviceUrl)            .connectionTimeout(10000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)            .build();    final String topic = "persistent://public/default/topic-sensor-temp";    // http://pulsar.apache.org/docs/en/client-libraries-java/#configure-producer    final Producer<byte[]> producer = client.newProducer()            .producerName("sensor-temp")            .topic(topic)            .compressionType(CompressionType.LZ4)            .enableChunking(true)            .enableBatching(true)            .batchingMaxBytes(1024)            .batchingMaxMessages(10)            .batchingMaxPublishDelay(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)            .blockIfQueueFull(true)            .maxPendingMessages(512)            .sendTimeout(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)            .create();    MessageId mid = producer.send("sensor-temp".getBytes());    System.out.printf("\nmessage with ID %s successfully sent", mid);    mid = producer.newMessage()            .key("sensor-temp-key")            .value("sensor-temp-key".getBytes())            .property("my-key", "my-value")            .property("my-other-key", "my-other-value")            .send();    System.out.printf("message-key with ID %s successfully sent", mid);    producer.close();    client.close();}

消费者(Consumer)

public void consume() throws PulsarClientException {    final String serviceUrl = "pulsar://server-101:6650";    final String topic = "input-seed-avro-topic";    final PulsarClient client = PulsarClient.builder()            .serviceUrl(serviceUrl)            .enableTcpNoDelay(true)            .build();    final Consumer<byte[]> consumer = client            .newConsumer()            .consumerName("seed-avro-consumer")            .subscriptionName("seed-avro-subscription")            .subscriptionType(SubscriptionType.Exclusive)            .subscriptionInitialPosition(SubscriptionInitialPosition.Earliest)            .topic(topic)            .receiverQueueSize(10)            .subscribe();    final AvroSchema<SeedEvent> schema = AvroSchema.of(SeedEvent.class);    while (true) {        try {            final Message<byte[]> msg = consumer.receive();            LOG.info("接管音讯:[{}] topic:{} mid:{} sid:{} event:{} publish:{} producer:{} key:{} value:{}",                    Thread.currentThread().getId(),                    msg.getTopicName(),                    msg.getMessageId(),                    msg.getSequenceId(),                    msg.getEventTime(),                    msg.getPublishTime(),                    msg.getProducerName(),                    msg.getKey(), schema.decode(msg.getValue()));            try {                consumer.acknowledge(msg);            } catch (final PulsarClientException e) {                consumer.negativeAcknowledge(msg);                LOG.error("acknowledge:" + e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);            }        } catch (final PulsarClientException e) {            LOG.error("receive:" + e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);        }    }}

订阅(Subscriptions)

消费者通过订阅来生产Topic中的音讯。订阅是游标(跟踪偏移量)的逻辑实体,一个Topic能够增加多个订阅。订阅不蕴含音讯的数据,只蕴含元数据和游标。

每个Subscription都存储一个Cursor。Cursor是日志中的以后偏移量。Subscription将其Cursor存储至BookKeeper的Ledger中。这使Cursor跟踪能够像Topic一样进行扩大。

订阅类型(subscription-type)

  • Exclusive 独享

    一个订阅只能有一个音讯者生产音讯。

  • Failover 灾备

    一个订阅同时只有一个消费者,能够有多个备份消费者。一旦主消费者故障则备份消费者接管。不会呈现同时有两个沉闷的消费者。

  • Shared 共享

    一个订阅中同时能够有多个消费者,多个消费者共享Topic中的音讯。

  • Key_Shared

有序性保障(Ordering guarantee)

如果对程序性有要求,能够应用 Exclusive 和 Failover 的订阅模式,这样同一个 Topic 只有一个 Consumer 在生产,能够保障程序性。

如果应用 Shared 订阅模式,多个 Consumer 能够并发生产同一个 Topic。通过动静减少 Consumer 的数量,能够减速 Topic 的生产,缩小音讯在服务端的沉积。

KeyShared 模式保障在 Shared 模式下同一个 Key 的音讯也会发送到同一个 Consumer,在并发的同时也保障了程序性。

多主题订阅(Multi-topic subscriptions)

Pattern:

  • persistent://public/default/.*
  • persistent://public/default/foo.*

Reader

public void read() throws IOException {    final String serviceUrl = "pulsar://server-101:6650";    final PulsarClient client = PulsarClient.builder()            .serviceUrl(serviceUrl)            .build();    // http://pulsar.apache.org/docs/en/client-libraries-java/#reader    final Reader<byte[]> reader = client.newReader()            .topic("my-topic")            .startMessageId(MessageId.earliest()) // MessageId.latest            .create();    while (true)         final Message<byte[]> message = reader.readNext();        System.out.println(new String(message.getData()));    }}

分片主题(Partitioned topics)

音讯保留和过期(Message retention and expiry)

如果没有对Topic设置数据保留策略,一旦一个Topic的所有订阅的游标都曾经胜利生产到一个偏移量时,此偏移量后面的音讯就会被主动删除。

如果Topic设置了数据保留策略,曾经生产确认的音讯超过保留策略阈值(Topic的音讯存储大小、Topic中音讯保留的工夫)后会被删除。

conf/broker.conf

# Default message retention time# 默认0, 批改为3天=60*24*3defaultRetentionTimeInMinutes=4320# Default retention size# 默认为0, 批改为10GdefaultRetentionSizeInMB=10240# Default ttl for namespaces if ttl is not already configured at namespace policies. (disable default-ttl with value 0)ttlDurationDefaultInSeconds=0

retention policy (for a namespace)

$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin namespaces \get-retention public/default$ curl -X GET http://server-101:8080/admin/v2/namespaces/public/default/retention | python -m json.tool$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin namespaces \set-retention public/default \--size 1024M \--time 5m$ curl -X POST http://server-101:8080/admin/v2/namespaces/public/default/retention \--header "Content-Type:application/json" \--data '{  "retentionTimeInMinutes" : 5,  "retentionSizeInMB" : 1024}'

message expiry / message-ttl

$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin namespaces \get-message-ttl public/default$ curl -X GET http://server-101:8080/admin/v2/namespaces/public/default/messageTTL$ $PULSAR_HOME/bin/pulsar-admin namespaces \set-message-ttl public/default \--messageTTL 1800$ curl -X POST http://server-101:8080/admin/v2/namespaces/public/default/messageTTL \--header "Content-Type:application/json" \--data '1800'

更多福利

云智慧已开源集轻量级、聚合型、智能运维为一体的综合运维治理平台OMP(Operation Management Platform) ,具备 纳管、部署、监控、巡检、自愈、备份、复原 等性能,可为用户提供便捷的运维能力和业务管理,在进步运维人员等工作效率的同时,极大晋升了业务的连续性和安全性。点击下方地址链接,欢送大家给OMP点赞送star,理解更多相干内容~

GitHub地址: https://github.com/CloudWise-OpenSource/OMP
Gitee地址:https://gitee.com/CloudWise/OMP

微信扫描辨认下方二维码,备注【OMP】退出AIOps社区运维治理平台OMP开发者交换群,与更多行业大佬一起交流学习~

系列浏览

深入浅出Apache Pulsar(1):Pulsar vs Kafka