Linux工夫设置 date、hwclock、timedatectl

date 查看及设置零碎工夫:

[root@localhost ~]# dateThu Jan 13 16:30:27 CST 2022[root@localhost ~]# date -s "20220113 16:33:00"Thu Jan 13 16:33:00 CST 2022

hwclock设置零碎工夫:

[root@localhost ~]# hwclock2022-01-13 16:37:35.195393+08:00//同步硬件工夫到零碎工夫[root@localhost ~]# hwclock -s[root@localhost ~]# hwclock --hctosys//同步零碎工夫到硬件工夫[root@localhost ~]# hwclock -w[root@localhost ~]# hwclock --systohc

timedatectl工夫治理:

//查问工夫及时区[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl               Local time: Thu 2022-01-13 16:53:10 CST           Universal time: Thu 2022-01-13 08:53:10 UTC                 RTC time: Thu 2022-01-13 16:53:09                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)System clock synchronized: yes              NTP service: active          RTC in local TZ: yes//查问并设置时区[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl list-timezones[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl set-timezone "Asia/Shanghai"//设置日期和工夫[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl set-time '16:10:40 2015-11-20'[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl set-time UTC//设置硬件工夫为本地工夫[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl set-local-rtc 1[root@localhost ~]# timedatectl set-local-rtc 0//

Linux工夫同步 ntpdate、ntpd、chronyd

ntpdate工夫同步:

[root@localhost ~]# ntpdate 192.168.0.1[root@localhost ~]# ntpdate time.ntp.org

ntpd工夫同步(端口:123):

//配置文件:/etc/ntp.conf1. 对于权限设定局部权限的设定次要以restrict这个参数来设定,次要的语法为:restrict IP mask netmask_IP parameter其中IP能够是软件地址,也能够是default,default就相似0.0.0.0。至于paramter则有:  ignore:敞开所有的 NTP 联机服务  nomodify:示意Client端不能更改Server端的工夫参数  notrust:该Client除非通过认证,否则该Client起源将被视为不信赖网域  noquery:不提供Client端的工夫查问  notrap:不提供trap这个近程事件登入如果paramter齐全没有设定,那就示意该 IP (或网域)"没有任何限度"restrict default nomodify notrap noquery   # 敞开所有的NTP要求封包restrict 127.0.0.1   # 这是容许本机查问restrict 192.168.0.1 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify   # 在192.168.0.1/24网段内的服务器就能够通过这台NTP Server进行工夫同步了2. 下层主机的设定要设定下层主机次要以server这个参数来设定,语法为:server [IP|HOST Name] [prefer]Server前面接的就是下层Time Server,前面加上perfer的话,那示意咱们的NTP主机次要以该部主机来作为工夫校对的对应。另外,为了解决更新工夫封包的传送提早动作,能够应用driftfile来规定咱们的主机,在与Time Server沟通时所破费的工夫,能够记录在driftfile前面接的文件内,例如上面的范例中,咱们的NTP server与cn.pool.ntp.org联机时所破费的工夫会记录在/var/lib/ntp/drift文件内。server 0.pool.ntp.orgserver 1.pool.ntp.orgserver 2.pool.ntp.orgserver cn.pool.ntp.org prefer3. 其余设置值,以零碎默认值即可server 127.127.1.0    # local clockfudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10driftfile /var/lib/ntp/driftbroadcastdelay 0.008keys /etc/ntp/keys
//确认ntp曾经同步了工夫[root@localhost ~]# ntpstatsynchronised to NTP server (202.120.2.101) at stratum 4    time correct to within 557 ms    polling server every 64 s# 该指令可列出NTP服务器是否与下层联机。由上述输入后果可知,工夫校对约为557*10(-6)秒,且每隔64秒会被动更新工夫。
//ntpq命令[root@localhost ~]# ntpq -p     remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter==============================================================================*stratum2-1.ntp. 195.91.239.8     2 u   24   64    1  258.761  -16.146  16.491 ntp6.flashdance 194.58.202.148   2 u   23   64    1  330.604   47.243  13.014 a.chl.la        131.188.3.222    2 u   22   64    1  187.224   41.501   1.249 139.199.215.251 100.122.36.196   2 u   21   64    1   44.815   29.043   7.562remote:即NTP主机的IP或主机名称。留神最右边的符号,如果由"+"则代表目前正在作用钟的下层NTP,如果是"*"则示意也有连上线,不过是作为主要联机的NTP主机。refid:参考的上一层NTP主机的地址st:即stratum阶层when:几秒前曾做过工夫同步更新的操作poll:下次更新在几秒之后reach:曾经向下层NTP服务器要求更新的次数delay:网络传输过程钟提早的工夫offset:工夫弥补的后果jitter:Linux零碎工夫与BIOS硬件工夫的差别工夫# ntp服务默认只会同步零碎工夫。如果想要让ntp同时同步硬件工夫,能够设置/etc/sysconfig/ntpd文件。在/etc/sysconfig/ntpd文件中,增加 SYNC_HWCLOCK=yes 这样,就能够让硬件工夫与零碎工夫一起同步。

chronyd工夫同步(端口:323):

//配置文件:# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburstserver 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburstserver 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburstserver 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst# Record the rate at which the system clock gains/losses time.driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift# Allow the system clock to be stepped in the first three updates# if its offset is larger than 1 second.makestep 1.0 3# Enable kernel synchronization of the real-time clock (RTC).rtcsync# Enable hardware timestamping on all interfaces that support it.#hwtimestamp *# Increase the minimum number of selectable sources required to adjust# the system clock.#minsources 2# Allow NTP client access from local network.allow 192.168.0.0/16# Serve time even if not synchronized to a time source.local stratum 10# Specify file containing keys for NTP authentication.#keyfile /etc/chrony.keys# Specify directory for log files.logdir /var/log/chrony# Select which information is logged.#log measurements statistics tracking

配置参数:

参数参数阐明
server该参数能够屡次用于增加时钟服务器,必须以"server "格局应用。
stratumweightstratumweight指令设置当chronyd从可用源中抉择同步源时,每个层应该增加多少间隔到同步间隔。默认状况下,CentOS中设置为0,让chronyd在抉择源时疏忽源的层级。
driftfilechronyd程序的次要行为之一,就是依据理论工夫计算出计算机增减工夫的比率,将它记录到一个文件中是最正当的,它会在重启后为零碎时钟作出弥补,甚至可能的话,会从时钟服务器取得较好的估值。
rtcsyncrtcsync指令将启用一个内核模式,在该模式中,零碎工夫每11分钟会拷贝到实时时钟(RTC)
allow/deny这里你能够指定一台主机、子网,或者网络以容许或回绝NTP连贯到表演时钟服务器的机器。
cmdallow/cmddeny指定哪个IP地址或哪台主机能够通过chronyd应用管制命令。
bindcmdaddress该指令容许你限度chronyd监听哪个网络接口的命令包(由chronyc执行)。该指令通过cmddeny机制提供了一个除上述限度以外可用的额定的访问控制等级。
makestep通常,chronyd将依据需要通过减慢或减速时钟,使得零碎逐渐纠正所有工夫偏差。在某些特定状况下,零碎时钟可能会漂移过快,导致该调整过程耗费很长的工夫来纠正零碎时钟。该指令强制chronyd在调整期大于某个阀值时步进调整零碎时钟,但只有在因为chronyd启动工夫超过指定限度(可应用负值来禁用限度),没有更多时钟更新时才失效。
//查看工夫同步源:[root@localhost ~]# chronyc sources -v210 Number of sources = 4  .-- Source mode  '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock. / .- Source state '*' = current synced, '+' = combined , '-' = not combined,| /   '?' = unreachable, 'x' = time may be in error, '~' = time too variable.||                                                 .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz||      Reachability register (octal) -.           |  xxxx = adjusted offset,||      Log2(Polling interval) --.      |          |  yyyy = measured offset,||                                \     |          |  zzzz = estimated error.||                                 |    |           \MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample===============================================================================^* 202.118.1.130                 1   7   377   118  -1213us[-1553us] +/-   20ms^- time.cloudflare.com           3   7   337    47    +48ms[  +48ms] +/-  166ms^- ntp7.flashdance.cx            2   8   357    46    -13ms[  -13ms] +/-  229ms^+ 139.199.215.251               2   8   377    57  -7428us[-7428us] +/-   32ms//立刻手工同步[root@localhost ~]# chronyc -a makestep200 OK//查看工夫同步源状态:[root@localhost ~]# chronyc sourcestats -v210 Number of sources = 4                             .- Number of sample points in measurement set.                            /    .- Number of residual runs with same sign.                           |    /    .- Length of measurement set (time).                           |   |    /      .- Est. clock freq error (ppm).                           |   |   |      /           .- Est. error in freq.                           |   |   |     |           /         .- Est. offset.                           |   |   |     |          |          |   On the -.                           |   |   |     |          |          |   samples. \                           |   |   |     |          |          |             |Name/IP Address            NP  NR  Span  Frequency  Freq Skew  Offset  Std Dev==============================================================================202.118.1.130               6   5   646    -10.813     97.702    -40us  5068ustime.cloudflare.com        11   5  1037     +0.211     13.118    +52ms  2892usntp7.flashdance.cx         22  12   32m     +0.089     13.917    -26ms  8756us139.199.215.251            25  11   32m     -0.098      3.164   -514us  2062us//校准工夫服务器:[root@localhost ~]# chronyc trackingReference ID    : CA760182 (202.118.1.130)Stratum         : 2Ref time (UTC)  : Thu Jan 13 15:54:22 2022System time     : 0.000000001 seconds fast of NTP timeLast offset     : -0.003181520 secondsRMS offset      : 0.002209083 secondsFrequency       : 7.816 ppm fastResidual freq   : -0.157 ppmSkew            : 3.514 ppmRoot delay      : 0.044469427 secondsRoot dispersion : 0.005420812 secondsUpdate interval : 129.1 secondsLeap status     : Normal

chronyc命令参数阐明:

参数参数阐明
accheck查看NTP拜访是否对特定主机可用
activity该命令会显示有多少NTP源在线/离线
add server手动增加一台新的NTP服务器
clients在客户端报告已拜访到服务器
delete手动移除NTP服务器或对等服务器
settime手动设置守护过程工夫
tracking显示零碎工夫信息