每日一句
A flower cannot blossom without sunshine, and man cannot live without love.
花没有阳光就不能盛开,人没有爱就不能生存。
题目起源
https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/edit-distance/
题目形容
给你两个单词 word1 和 word2,请你计算出将 word1 转换成 word2 所应用的起码操作数 。你能够对一个单词进行如下三种操作:插入一个字符删除一个字符替换一个字符
示例
示例一:输出:word1 = "horse", word2 = "ros"输入:3解释:horse -> rorse (将 'h' 替换为 'r')rorse -> rose (删除 'r')rose -> ros (删除 'e')示例二:输出:word1 = "intention", word2 = "execution"输入:5解释:intention -> inention (删除 't')inention -> enention (将 'i' 替换为 'e')enention -> exention (将 'n' 替换为 'x')exention -> exection (将 'n' 替换为 'c')exection -> execution (插入 'u')
题解
题解1: 动静布局算法
具体算法思维请看:动静布局算法
/*** 步骤一:定义数组元素的含意* 定义dp[m][n] 将 word1 转换成 word2 所应用的起码操作数, m, n别离示意两个单词的长度* 步骤二:找出初始值并设置边界条件* dp[0][0] = 0, 别离处于首行和首列的地位均能够间接求出值* dp[i][0] = i; m>i>=1 dp[0][i] = i; n>i>=1, m,n 示意两个单词的长度* 步骤三:找出数组元素之间的关系式* 后果:* 1. A==B时:dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]; i>=1,j>=1* 2. A!=B时:* 在单词 A 中插入一个字符:dp[i][j] = dp[i][j-1] + 1;* 在单词 A 中删除一个字符: dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j] + 1;* 批改单词A的一个字符:dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1] + 1;* so,最小操作数为三个操作的最小值:dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j], dp[i-1][j-1]) i>=1,j>=1**/class Solution { public int min(int a, int b, int c) { return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, c)); } public int minDistance(String word1, String word2) { int m = word1.length(); int n = word2.length(); int[][] dp = new int[510][510]; //初始值以及边界条件 if(m * n == 0) { return n+m; } dp[0][0] = 0; for(int i=1; i<=m; i++) { dp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0] + 1; } for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) { dp[0][i] = dp[0][i-1] + 1; } //关系式 for(int i=1; i<=m; i++) { for(int j=1; j<=n; j++) { if(word1.charAt(i-1) != word2.charAt(j-1)) { dp[i][j] = min(dp[i-1][j], dp[i-1][j-1], dp[i][j-1]) + 1; }else { dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]; } } } return dp[m][n]; }}
/*** 打印门路**/class Solution { int[][] dp = new int[510][510]; public int min(int a, int b, int c) { return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, c)); } public int minDistance(String word1, String word2) { int m = word1.length(); int n = word2.length(); //初始值以及边界条件 if(m * n == 0) { return n+m; } dp[0][0] = 0; for(int i=1; i<=m; i++) { dp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0] + 1; } for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) { dp[0][i] = dp[0][i-1] + 1; } //关系式 for(int i=1; i<=m; i++) { for(int j=1; j<=n; j++) { if(word1.charAt(i-1) != word2.charAt(j-1)) { dp[i][j] = min(dp[i-1][j], dp[i-1][j-1], dp[i][j-1]) + 1; }else { dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]; } } } printPath(word1, word2, m, n); return dp[m][n]; } public int printPath(String word1, String word2, int i, int j) { if(i == j & i==0) { return 0; } if(word1.charAt(i-1) == word2.charAt(j-1)) { System.out.println("A: " + word1.substring(0, i) + ";B: " + word2.substring(0, j) + " 开端字符雷同"); return printPath(word1, word2, i-1, j-1); }else { if(dp[i-1][j] == dp[i][j] - 1) { System.out.println("A: " + word1.substring(0, i) + " 删除一个字符: " + word1.charAt(i-1) +" 变成 B: " + word2.substring(0, j)); return printPath(word1, word2, i-1, j); } if(dp[i][j-1]== dp[i][j] - 1) { System.out.println("A: " + word1.substring(0, i) + " 插入一个字符: " + word2.charAt(j-1) +" 变成 B: " + word2.substring(0, j)); return printPath(word1, word2, i, j-1); } if(dp[i-1][j-1] == dp[i][j] - 1) { System.out.println("A: " + word1.substring(0, i) + " 批改一个字符变成 B: " + word2.substring(0, j)); return printPath(word1, word2, i-1, j-1); } } return 0; }}
/*** 优化:二维dp转一维dp**/class Solution { public int min(int a, int b, int c) { return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, c)); } public int minDistance(String word1, String word2) { int m = word1.length(); int n = word2.length(); int[] dp = new int[n + 1]; //初始值以及边界条件 if(m * n == 0) { return n+m; } dp[0] = 0; //初始化首行 for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) { dp[i] = i; } //关系式 for(int i=1; i<=m; i++) { int pre = dp[0]; dp[0] = i; for(int j=1; j<=n; j++) { int tmp = pre; pre = dp[j]; if(word1.charAt(i-1) == word2.charAt(j-1)) { dp[j] = tmp; }else { dp[j] = min(dp[j], dp[j-1], tmp) + 1; } } } return dp[n]; } }
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