title: 音视频系列五:ffmpeg之rtmp推流阿里云转发vlc拉流播放
categories:[ffmpeg]
tags:[音视频编程]
date: 2021/11/30
<div align = 'right'>作者:hackett</div>
<div align = 'right'>微信公众号:加班猿</div>
在前两篇 阿里云服务器搭建Nginx+rtmp推流服务器中,咱们曾经配置把阿里云的rtmp推流服务搭建好了,用的是PC软件OBS来进行推流到阿里云服务器,接下来就用雷神的最简略的基于ffmpeg的推流器,rtmp形式推流,阿里云服务器转发流,VLC拉流的流程走一遍。
链接地址:最简略的基于FFmpeg的推流器(以推送RTMP为例) https://blog.csdn.net/leixiao...
一、RTMP简介
RTMP是Real Time Messaging Protocol(实时音讯传输协定)的首字母缩写。该协定基于TCP,是一个协定族,包含RTMP根本协定及RTMPT/RTMPS/RTMPE等多种变种。RTMP是一种设计用来进行实时数据通信的网络协议,次要用来在Flash/AIR平台和反对RTMP协定的流媒体/交互服务器之间进行音视频和数据通信。反对该协定的软件包含Adobe Media Server/Ultrant Media Server/red5等。RTMP与HTTP一样,都属于TCP/IP四层模型的应用层。-- 百度百科
RTMP推流器(Streamer)的在流媒体零碎中的作用能够用下图示意。首先将视频数据以RTMP的模式发送到流媒体服务器端(Server,比方FMS,Red5,Wowza等),而后客户端(个别为Flash Player)通过拜访流媒体服务器就能够收看实时流了。
二、程序流程图
RTMP采纳的封装格局是FLV。因而在指定输入流媒体的时候须要指定其封装格局为“flv”。同理,其余流媒体协定也须要指定其封装格局。例如采纳UDP推送流媒体的时候,能够指定其封装格局为“mpegts”。
av_register_all():注册FFmpeg所有编解码器。
avformat_network_init():初始化Network。
avformat_open_input():输出(Input)。
avformat_find_stream_info():查找流信息。
avformat_alloc_output_context2():调配输入 AVFormatContext。
avcodec_copy_context():复制AVCodecContext的设置(Copy the settings of AVCodecContext)。
avformat_write_header():写文件头(Write file header)。
av_read_frame():获取一个AVPacket(Get an AVPacket)。
av_rescale_q_rnd():转换PTS/DTS(Convert PTS/DTS)
av_interleaved_write_frame():写文件尾。
三、代码
#include <iostream>extern "C" {//蕴含C头文件#include "libavformat/avformat.h" #include "libavutil/time.h"};int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { AVOutputFormat* ofmt = NULL; //输出对应一个AVFormatContext,输入对应一个AVFormatContext //(Input AVFormatContext and Output AVFormatContext) AVFormatContext* ifmt_ctx = NULL, * ofmt_ctx = NULL; AVPacket pkt; const char* in_filename, * out_filename; int ret, i; int videoindex = -1; int frame_index = 0; int64_t start_time = 0; //in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.mov"; //in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.mkv"; //in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.ts"; //in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.mp4"; //in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.h264"; in_filename = "./ouput_1min.flv";//输出URL(Input file URL) //in_filename = "shanghai03_p.h264"; //out_filename = "rtmp://localhost/publishlive/livestream";//输入 URL(Output URL)[RTMP] out_filename = "rtmp://阿里云服务器IP:1935/live";//输入 URL(Output URL)[RTMP] //out_filename = "rtp://233.233.233.233:6666";//输入 URL(Output URL)[UDP] //注册FFmpeg所有编解码器 av_register_all(); //Network avformat_network_init(); //输出(Input) if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&ifmt_ctx, in_filename, 0, 0)) < 0) { printf("Could not open input file."); goto end; } if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ifmt_ctx, 0)) < 0) { printf("Failed to retrieve input stream information"); goto end; } for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) if (ifmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) { videoindex = i; break; } av_dump_format(ifmt_ctx, 0, in_filename, 0); //输入(Output) avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, "flv", out_filename); //RTMP //avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, "mpegts", out_filename);//UDP if (!ofmt_ctx) { printf("Could not create output context\n"); ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN; goto end; } ofmt = ofmt_ctx->oformat; for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) { //依据输出流创立输入流(Create output AVStream according to input AVStream) AVStream* in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[i]; AVStream* out_stream = avformat_new_stream(ofmt_ctx, in_stream->codec->codec); if (!out_stream) { printf("Failed allocating output stream\n"); ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN; goto end; } //复制AVCodecContext的设置(Copy the settings of AVCodecContext) ret = avcodec_copy_context(out_stream->codec, in_stream->codec); if (ret < 0) { printf("Failed to copy context from input to output stream codec context\n"); goto end; } out_stream->codec->codec_tag = 0; if (ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) out_stream->codec->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER; } //Dump Format av_dump_format(ofmt_ctx, 0, out_filename, 1); //关上输入URL(Open output URL) if (!(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) { ret = avio_open(&ofmt_ctx->pb, out_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE); if (ret < 0) { printf("Could not open output URL '%s'", out_filename); goto end; } } //写文件头(Write file header) ret = avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, NULL); if (ret < 0) { printf("Error occurred when opening output URL\n"); goto end; } start_time = av_gettime(); while (1) { AVStream* in_stream, * out_stream; //获取一个AVPacket(Get an AVPacket) ret = av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &pkt); if (ret < 0) break; //FIX:No PTS (Example: Raw H.264) //Simple Write PTS if (pkt.pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) { //Write PTS AVRational time_base1 = ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->time_base; //Duration between 2 frames (us) int64_t calc_duration = (double)AV_TIME_BASE / av_q2d(ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->r_frame_rate); //Parameters pkt.pts = (double)(frame_index * calc_duration) / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1) * AV_TIME_BASE); pkt.dts = pkt.pts; pkt.duration = (double)calc_duration / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1) * AV_TIME_BASE); } //Important:Delay 延时 if (pkt.stream_index == videoindex) { AVRational time_base = ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->time_base; AVRational time_base_q = { 1,AV_TIME_BASE }; int64_t pts_time = av_rescale_q(pkt.dts, time_base, time_base_q); int64_t now_time = av_gettime() - start_time; if (pts_time > now_time) av_usleep(pts_time - now_time); } in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index]; out_stream = ofmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index]; /* copy packet */ //转换PTS/DTS(Convert PTS/DTS) pkt.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.pts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX)); pkt.dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.dts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX)); pkt.duration = av_rescale_q(pkt.duration, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base); pkt.pos = -1; //Print to Screen if (pkt.stream_index == videoindex) { printf("Send %8d video frames to output URL\n", frame_index); frame_index++; } //ret = av_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &pkt); ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &pkt); if (ret < 0) { printf("Error muxing packet\n"); break; } av_free_packet(&pkt); } //写文件尾(Write file trailer) av_write_trailer(ofmt_ctx);end: avformat_close_input(&ifmt_ctx); /* close output */ if (ofmt_ctx && !(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) avio_close(ofmt_ctx->pb); avformat_free_context(ofmt_ctx); if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) { printf("Error occurred.\n"); return -1; } return 0;}
四、运行后果
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