问题及实战

  1. 你感觉应用TS的益处是什么?
    1.1 Ts是JS的加强版,给JS增加了可选的动态类型和基于类的面向对象编程,拓展了JS语法,TS的性能比JS只多不少
    1.2 TS面向对象的编程语言,蕴含类和接口的概念
    1.3 TS在开发阶段就能给出编译谬误,而JS则要在运行时能力裸露
    1.4 是一种强类型语言,你能够明确的晓得各种数据类型,代码可读性极强,简直每个人很快了解
    1.5 TS中有很多很不便的个性,比方可选链 // option chain
  const obj = response;  if(obj && obj.aa && obj.aa.bb){    // ...  }  if(obj?.aa?.bb){    // ...  }
  1. type 和 interface 的异同?

用interface来形容数据结构,用type来形容类型

2.1 都反对形容一个对象或者函数

  interface User{    name: string;    age: number;  }  type User = {    name = string;    age = number;  }

2.2 都容许扩大 extends

  type Name = {    name: string;  }  interface User extends Name {  }

2.3 只有type能够做的事件
type能够申请根本类型别名,联结类型,元祖等类型

  type Name = string;  interface Dog {    wong();  }  interface Cat {    miao();  }  type Pet = Dog | Cat;  type PetList = [Dog, Cat]
  1. 如何基于一个已有类型,扩大出一个大部分内容类似,然而局部区别的类型?

Pick Omit

  interface Test {    name: string;    sex: number;    height: string;  }  type Sex = Pick<Test, 'sex'> // 保障了Sex始终是number  const a: Sex = {sex: 1};  type WithoutSex = Omit<Test, 'sex'>;  const b: WithoutSex = {name: 'cxx', height: 'xxxx'};

通过泛型!!!

  1. 什么是泛型?泛型的具体应用?

泛型是指在定义函数、接口或者类的时候,不预先指定具体的类型,应用时再去指定类型的一种个性。

  interface Test<T = any>{    userId: T  }  type TestA = Test<string>;   // { userId: string }  type TestB = Test<number>;   // { userId: number }
  1. 用装璜器实现一个计算函数运行工夫的逻辑
  export function measure(target: any, name: any, descriptor: any){    const oldValue = descriptor.value;    descriptor.value = async function () {      const start = Date.now();      const res = await oldValue.apply(this, arguments);      console.log(`${name}执行耗时 ${Date.now() - start}`);      return res;    }    return descriptor;  }
  1. 缓存的装璜器
  const cacheMap = new Map();  export function measure(target: any, name: any, descriptor: any){    const oldValue = descriptor.value;    descriptor.value = async function (...args: any) {      // 函数名 + 参数来保障缓存key的唯一性      const cacheKey = name + JSON.stringfiy(args);      if(!cacheMap.get(cacheKey)){        // Promise.resolve将val执行后果强行包装为promise        // 报错 catch的时候, 清空缓存. 下次从新执行        const cacheValue = Promise.resolve(val.apply(this, arg).catch(() => cacheMap.set(cacheKey, null)));        cacheMap.set(cacheKey, cacheValue)      }      return cacheMap.get(cacheKey)    }    return descriptor;  }
  1. 实现一个路由跳转,通过TS束缚参数的routerHelper

      // router / index.ts  export enum RouterPath { Index = '/', About = '/about', User = '/user',  }  // routerHelper  import { Dictionary } from 'vue-router/types/router';  import Router, { RoutePath } from '../router';  export type BaseRouteType = Dictionary<string>;  export interface IndexParam extends BaseRouteType { name: string;  }  export interface AboutParam extends BaseRouteType { testName: string;  }  export interface UserParam extends BaseRouteType { userId: string;  }  export interface  ParamsMap { [RoutePath.Index]: IndexParam; [RoutePath.About]: AboutParam; [RoutePath.User]: UserParam;  }  export class RouterHelper { public static replace<T extends RouterPath>(routePath: T, params: ParamsMap[T]){   Router.replace({     path: routePath,     query: params   }) }  public static push<T extends RouterPath>(routePath: T, params: ParamsMap[T]){   Router.push({     path: routePath,     query: params   }) }  }