Retention Policy(RP)是数据保留工夫策略,超过了肯定的工夫后,老的数据会被主动删除。

联合CQ(Continuous Query)和RP,能够将历史数据保留为低精度,最近的数据保留为高精度,以升高存储用量。

RP的语法结构:

CREATE RETENTION POLICY <retention_policy_name> ON <database_name> DURATION <duration> REPLICATION <n> [SHARD DURATION <duration>] [DEFAULT]

其中:

  • duration指定了数据保留的工夫,当超过了这个工夫后,数据被主动删除;
  • replication指定每个shard的正本数,默认为1,集群场景须要>=2;
  • shard duration实际上指定每个shardGroup保留数据的工夫长度,能够不传入,零碎会依据duration主动计算一个值;
  • default指定是否默认的RP,若RP为默认,创立database未指定RP时,就应用默认的RP;

influxdb内置了一个默认策略autogen:

  • duration=0s示意永不过期;
  • shardGroupDuration=168h示意1个shardGroup保留7天的数据;
> show retention policies;name    duration shardGroupDuration replicaN default----    -------- ------------------ -------- -------autogen 0s       168h0m0s           1        true

shardGroup vs shard:

  • shardGroup蕴含若干个shard;
  • shardGroup指定保留1段时间的数据,shardGroup下所有shard的数据都位于这个工夫范畴内;

看一下单机版influxdb,rp=autogen,replica=1的shards状况:

> show shard groups;name: shard groupsid database  retention_policy start_time           end_time             expiry_time-- --------  ---------------- ----------           --------             -----------25 falcon    autogen          2020-04-27T00:00:00Z 2020-05-04T00:00:00Z 2020-05-04T00:00:00Z33 falcon    autogen          2020-05-04T00:00:00Z 2020-05-11T00:00:00Z 2020-05-11T00:00:00Z42 falcon    autogen          2020-05-11T00:00:00Z 2020-05-18T00:00:00Z 2020-05-18T00:00:00Z51 falcon    autogen          2020-05-18T00:00:00Z 2020-05-25T00:00:00Z 2020-05-25T00:00:00Z60 falcon    autogen          2020-05-25T00:00:00Z 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z69 falcon    autogen          2020-06-01T00:00:00Z 2020-06-08T00:00:00Z 2020-06-08T00:00:00Z78 falcon    autogen          2020-06-08T00:00:00Z 2020-06-15T00:00:00Z 2020-06-15T00:00:00Z

每个shardGroup保留7day的数据,1个shardGroup蕴含1个shard:

> show shards;name: falconid database retention_policy shard_group start_time           end_time             expiry_time          owners-- -------- ---------------- ----------- ----------           --------             -----------          ------25 falcon   autogen          25          2020-04-27T00:00:00Z 2020-05-04T00:00:00Z 2020-05-04T00:00:00Z33 falcon   autogen          33          2020-05-04T00:00:00Z 2020-05-11T00:00:00Z 2020-05-11T00:00:00Z42 falcon   autogen          42          2020-05-11T00:00:00Z 2020-05-18T00:00:00Z 2020-05-18T00:00:00Z51 falcon   autogen          51          2020-05-18T00:00:00Z 2020-05-25T00:00:00Z 2020-05-25T00:00:00Z60 falcon   autogen          60          2020-05-25T00:00:00Z 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z69 falcon   autogen          69          2020-06-01T00:00:00Z 2020-06-08T00:00:00Z 2020-06-08T00:00:00Z78 falcon   autogen          78          2020-06-08T00:00:00Z 2020-06-15T00:00:00Z 2020-06-15T00:00:00Z

1.如何确定1个shardGroup蕴含几个shard?

// replicaN是创立RP时指定的正本数shardN := len(data.DataNodes) / replicaN

若有3个数据节点,每个shard 2正本,那么每个shardGroup下只有3/2=1个shard;

2.写入时序数据时,先依据工夫确定存入哪个shardGroup,那如何确定数据放入哪个shard?

写入的时序数据,计算时序数据的hash,而后 hash % shardN后,决定放入哪个shard;

// HashID returns a non-cryptographic checksum of the point's key.func (p *point) HashID() uint64 {    h := NewInlineFNV64a()    h.Write(p.key)        //p.key是measurement+tags    sum := h.Sum64()    return sum}func (sgi *ShardGroupInfo) ShardFor(hash uint64) ShardInfo {    return sgi.Shards[hash%uint64(len(sgi.Shards))]}

每个shard对应OS上的一个目录,目录名称是shardId,递增的整数:

/var/lib/influxdb/data/mydatabase/six_month # ls -alhtotal 0drwx------    6 root     root          42 Sep  6 08:00 .drwx------    4 root     root          38 Sep  3 14:59 ..drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root          68 Sep  6 08:41 1drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root          68 Sep  3 16:48 3drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root          68 Sep  3 17:02 4drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root          68 Sep 15 09:59 6

shard所在目录:datapath/database/retentionPolicy/shardId

func (s *Store) CreateShard(database, retentionPolicy string, shardID uint64, enabled bool) error {    ......    path := filepath.Join(s.path, database, retentionPolicy, strconv.FormatUint(shardID, 10))    shard := NewShard(shardID, path, walPath, sfile, opt)    ......}

3.默认shardGroupDuration的计算方法:

shardGroup duration若未指定,influxdb会依据duration计算一个,计算方法:

RP's DURATIONshardGroup duration
<2day1h
>=2day and <=6month1day
>6month7day

计算方法的实现代码:

// shardGroupDuration returns the duration for a shard group based on a policy duration.func shardGroupDuration(d time.Duration) time.Duration {    if d >= 180*24*time.Hour || d == 0 { // 6 months or 0        return 7 * 24 * time.Hour    } else if d >= 2*24*time.Hour { // 2 days        return 1 * 24 * time.Hour    }    return 1 * time.Hour}