关于英语:小学英语语法代词和形容词

代词

示意“我、你、他、她、它、咱们、你们、他们”的词。

---	我	你	他	她	它	咱们	你们	他们
主格	I	you	he	she	it	we	you	they
宾格	me	you	him	her	it	us	you	them

主格个别用在句子结尾做主语，通常用在动词前。
```
  I am a student.  They are cleaning the classroom.
```
宾格能够用来示意动作行为的对象，个别用在动词和介词前面。
```
  Ask her, please.  Listen to me carefully.
```

示意所有关系的代词。

---	我的	你的	他的	她的	它的	咱们的	你们的	他们的
形容词性	my	your	his	her	its	our	your	their
名词性	mine	yours	his	hers	its	ours	yours	theirs

形容词性物主代词前面个别要带上名词。
```
  my watch, his cousin, our school
```
名词性物主代词自身就可以看做是名词，故其后不能再加名词，可独自应用。
```
 -- Is that your bike? -- No, Mine is blue.
```

没有明确指定代替某个（些）人或物的词叫不定代词。

some和any都示意“一些”，既能够润饰可数名词，也能够润饰不可数名词。

some多用在肯定句中，any多用在否定句和疑问句中。

 There are some flowers in the garden.  (肯定句) There isn't any milk in the frideg. (否定句) Do you have any hobbies?  (疑问句)

在示意邀请和心愿对方给予必定答复的疑问句中也要用some。

 -- Would you like some coffee? -- Yes, please.  （邀请） -- Mum, can I have some peaches? -- Sure.  （心愿对方给予必定答复）

both和all
1. both示意“两个都……”，只指代或润饰可数名词。
```
 We are both policemen.  （强调两人）
```
2. all示意“三个或三个以上都……”，既可指代或润饰可数名词，也可指代或润饰不可数名词。
```
 They are all in the room.  （至多三人）
```
many和much都示意“许多”，many润饰可数名词，much润饰不可数名词。
```
 My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup.
```
each和every，each强调集体，指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”，every是指许多人或事物的“整体”，与all的意思相近。
```
 I'll buy a present for each of her parents. （我要为她的父母每人买一件礼物。）
```
other作形容词时意思是“其余的”，指尚未提到的部门，其后个别接复数名词。
```
We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects.
```
something和everything
1. something示意某事、某物。
```
 I want something to drink.
```
2. everything示意所有事物、每样事物。
```
 Tell me everything about you.
```
nobody没有人
```
She likes nobody and nobody likes her.
```

用来表白疑难或形成疑问句的代词，个别放在疑问句的句首。

疑难代词	含意	例句
what	问什么	--What's your name? -- My name is Tom.
what colour	问色彩	--What colour is your coat? --It's red.
what day	问星期	--What day is it today? --It's Monday.
what date	问日期	--What date is it today? --It's the first of June.
what shape	问形态	--What shape is the moon? --It's round.
what ... job	问工作	--What's your father's job? --He's a bus driver.
what time	问工夫	--What time is it? --It's ten o'clock.
when	问时候	--When is your birthday? --It's on the first of May.
which	问哪个	--Which is your watch, this one or that one? --That one.
where	问地点	--Where is my pen? --It's on the floor.
who	问谁	--Who is the boy with big eyes? --He's Liu Tao.
whose	问谁的	--Whose bag is this? --It's Helen's.
why	问起因	--Why are you absent today? --I'm ill
how	问形式	--How do you go to school? --By bus.
how many	问数量	--How many books are there? --There are five.
how much	问价格	--How much is it? --Twenty yuan.
how old	问年龄	--How old are you? --I'm twevel
how far	问间隔	--How far is it from here? --It's about one kilometer.
how about	问状况	--I'm thirsty. How about you? --Me, too.

形容词用来润饰名词或代词，示意人或事物的性质、状态和特色。它的地位通常放在被润饰的名词前。也能够放在be动词和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。
在英语中，形容词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。

示意两者“等同”时用原级，构造为：as + 原级 + as，示意“xx 和 xx 一样……”。
```
Are you as tall as your twin sister?
```
示意两者“比拟”时用比较级，构造为：比较级 + than，示意“xx 比 xxx 更……”。
```
He's one year younger than me.
```
三个或三个以上的人或物进行比拟，用形容词最高级。构造为：the + 形容词最高级 + in/of等示意范畴的短语，示意“最……”。
```
Autumn is the best season in New York.She is the tallest girl of our three.
```

个别在词尾加er：taller、longer
以字母e结尾，只加r：late --> later
以辅音字母 + y结尾，变y为i，再加er：heavy --> heavier
双写开端的辅音字母，再加er：fat --> fatter
双音节和多音节词的比较级，在原级前加more：more beautiful、more careful
不规则变动：good --> better、many/much --> more、fat --> farther、bad/ill --> worse