本文将介绍 FFmpeg 如何播放 RTSP/Webcam/File 流。流程如下:
RTSP/Webcam/File > FFmpeg open and decode to BGR/YUV > OpenCV/OpenGL display
- 代码: https://github.com/ikuokuo/rt..., 子模块 rtsp-local-player
FFmpeg 筹备
git clone https://github.com/ikuokuo/rtsp-wasm-player.gitcd rtsp-wasm-playerexport MY_ROOT=`pwd`# ffmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/git clone --depth 1 -b n4.4 https://git.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.git $MY_ROOT/3rdparty/source/ffmpegcd $MY_ROOT/3rdparty/source/ffmpeg./configure --prefix=$MY_ROOT/3rdparty/ffmpeg-4.4 \--enable-gpl --enable-version3 \--disable-programs --disable-doc --disable-everything \--enable-decoder=h264 --enable-parser=h264 \--enable-decoder=hevc --enable-parser=hevc \--enable-hwaccel=h264_nvdec --enable-hwaccel=hevc_nvdec \--enable-demuxer=rtsp \--enable-demuxer=rawvideo --enable-decoder=rawvideo --enable-indev=v4l2 \--enable-protocol=filemake -j`nproc`make installln -s ffmpeg-4.4 $MY_ROOT/3rdparty/ffmpeg
./configure
手动抉择了:解码 h264,hevc 、解封装 rtsp,rawvideo 、及协定 file ,以反对 RTSP/Webcam/File 流。
其中, Webcam 因于 Linux ,故用的 v4l2。 Windows 可用 dshow, macOS 可用 avfoundation ,详见 Capture/Webcam。
这里根据本人需要进行抉择,当然,也能够间接编译全副。
FFmpeg 拉流
拉流过程,次要波及的模块:
- avdevice: IO 设施反对(主要,为了 Webcam)
- avformat: 关上流,解封装,拿小包(次要)
- avcodec: 收包,解码,拿帧(次要)
- swscale: 图像缩放,转码(主要)
解封装,拿包
残缺代码,见 stream.cc 。
关上输出流:
// IO 设施注册 for Webcamavdevice_register_all();// Network 初始化 for RTSPavformat_network_init();// 关上输出流format_ctx_ = avformat_alloc_context();avformat_open_input(&format_ctx_, "rtsp://", nullptr, nullptr);
找出视频流:
avformat_find_stream_info(format_ctx_, nullptr);video_stream_ = nullptr;for (unsigned int i = 0; i < format_ctx_->nb_streams; i++) { auto codec_type = format_ctx_->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type; if (codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) { video_stream_ = format_ctx_->streams[i]; break; } else if (codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) { // ignore }}
循环拿包:
if (packet_ == nullptr) { packet_ = av_packet_alloc();}av_read_frame(format_ctx_, packet_);if (packet_->stream_index == video_stream_->GetIndex()) { // 如果是视频流,解决其解码、拿帧等}av_packet_unref(packet_);
解码,拿帧
残缺代码,见 stream_video.cc 。
解码初始化:
if (codec_ctx_ == nullptr) { AVCodec *codec_ = avcodec_find_decoder(video_stream_->codecpar->codec_id); codec_ctx_ = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec_); avcodec_parameters_to_context(codec_ctx_, stream_->codecpar); avcodec_open2(codec_ctx_, codec_, nullptr); frame_ = av_frame_alloc(); // 帧}
解码收包,返帧:
int ret = avcodec_send_packet(codec_ctx_, packet);if (ret != 0 && ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN) && ret != AVERROR_EOF) { throw StreamError(ret);}ret = avcodec_receive_frame(codec_ctx_, frame_);if (ret != 0 && ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN) && ret != AVERROR_EOF) { throw StreamError(ret);}// frame_ is ok here
留神解决特地返回码:EAGAIN
示意要持续收包、EOF
示意完结,另外还有些特地码。
缩放,转码
// 初始化if (sws_ctx_ == nullptr) { // 设定指标大小及编码 auto pix_fmt = options_.sws_dst_pix_fmt; int width = options_.sws_dst_width; int height = options_.sws_dst_height; int align = 1; int flags = SWS_BICUBIC; sws_frame_ = av_frame_alloc(); int bytes_n = av_image_get_buffer_size(pix_fmt, width, height, align); uint8_t *buffer = static_cast<uint8_t *>( av_malloc(bytes_n * sizeof(uint8_t))); av_image_fill_arrays(sws_frame_->data, sws_frame_->linesize, buffer, pix_fmt, width, height, align); sws_frame_->width = width; sws_frame_->height = height; // 实例化 sws_ctx_ = sws_getContext( codec_ctx_->width, codec_ctx_->height, codec_ctx_->pix_fmt, width, height, pix_fmt, flags, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr); if (sws_ctx_ == nullptr) throw StreamError("Get sws context fail");}// 缩放或转码sws_scale(sws_ctx_, frame_->data, frame_->linesize, 0, codec_ctx_->height, sws_frame_->data, sws_frame_->linesize);// sws_frame_ as the result frame
OpenCV 显示
残缺代码,见 main_ui_with_opencv.cc 。
转码成 bgr24
,用于显示:
cv::namedWindow("ui");try { Stream stream; stream.Open(options); while (1) { auto frame = stream.GetFrameVideo(); if (frame != nullptr) { cv::Mat image(frame->height, frame->width, CV_8UC3, frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0]); cv::imshow(win_name, image); } char key = static_cast<char>(cv::waitKey(10)); if (key == 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q') { // ESC/Q break; } } stream.Close();} catch (const StreamError &err) { LOG(ERROR) << err.what();}cv::destroyAllWindows();
OpenGL 显示
残缺代码,见 glfw_frame.h, main_ui_with_opengl.cc 。
转码成 yuyv420p
用于显示:
void OnDraw() override { if (frame_ != nullptr) { auto width = frame_->width; auto height = frame_->height; auto data = frame_->data[0]; auto len_y = width * height; auto len_u = (width >> 1) * (height >> 1); // yuyv420p 可间接寻址三个立体的数据,赋值进纹理 texture_y_->Fill(width, height, data); texture_u_->Fill(width >> 1, height >> 1, data + len_y); texture_v_->Fill(width >> 1, height >> 1, data + len_y + len_u); } glBindVertexArray(vao_); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);}
片段着色器,间接转成 RGB
:
#version 330 corein vec2 vTexCoord;uniform sampler2D yTex;uniform sampler2D uTex;uniform sampler2D vTex;// yuv420p to rgb888 matrixconst mat4 YUV2RGB = mat4( 1.1643828125, 0, 1.59602734375, -.87078515625, 1.1643828125, -.39176171875, -.81296875, .52959375, 1.1643828125, 2.017234375, 0, -1.081390625, 0, 0, 0, 1);void main() { gl_FragColor = vec4( texture(yTex, vTexCoord).x, texture(uTex, vTexCoord).x, texture(vTex, vTexCoord).x, 1 ) * YUV2RGB;}
结语
本文代码想要编译运行的话,请按照 README 进行。
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