Docker是怎么工作的?
Docker是一个Client - Server 构造的零碎,Docker的守护过程运行在宿主机上,通过Socket从客户端拜访。Docker-Server收到Docker-Client的指令,就会执行命令。
Docker为什么比VM快?
1.Docker有更少的形象层
2.Docker利用的是宿主机的内核,VM须要Guest OS(操作系统内核)
帮忙命令
docker versiondocker info #零碎信息,包含镜像和容器的数量docker xxx --help
官网文档:https://docs.docker.com/refer...
镜像命令
docker images --help
docker images 查看所有本地镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhello-world latest d1165f221234 4 months ago 13.3kBREPOSITORY #镜像仓库源 TAG #镜像标签IMAGE ID #镜像ID CREATED #镜像创立工夫 SIZE #镜像大小#可选项-a --all #列出所有镜像-q --quiet #只显示镜像ID
docker search 搜寻镜像
docker search mysql#可选项-f --filter #过滤条件--fitler=STARS=3000 #珍藏3000以上的镜像
docker pull 下载镜像
Dockerhub地址:https://hub.docker.com
docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]OPTIONS #可选项NAME #镜像名TAG #镜像标签#指定版本下载docker pull mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 容器ID1 ... 容器IDN#删除全副镜像docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
容器命令
docker run 新建并启动容器
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] #参数阐明--name #容器名-d #后盾形式运行 -it #交互方式运行,进入容器查看 -p #指定容器端口-P #随机指定端口#测试:启动并进入容器docker pull centosdocker run -it centos /bin/bash #退出容器exit #容器进行并退出CTRL + P + Q #不进行退出
docker ps 列出容器
docker ps #列出以后正在运行的容器-a #列出以后正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器-n=? #最近创立的容器-q #只显示容器编号
docker rm 删除容器
docker rm 容器IDdocker rm $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器-f #强制删除(包含运行中的容器)
docker start 启动容器
docker start 容器IDdocker restart 容器IDdocker stop 容器IDdocker kill 容器ID
docker logs 查看日志
docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器ID #显示指定行数docker logs -t -f 容器ID #显示日志
docker top 查看过程
docker top 容器ID
docker inspect 查看元数据
docker inspect 容器ID[ { "Id": "d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63", "Created": "2021-07-29T23:22:16.737750806Z", "Path": "/bin/bash", "Args": [], "State": { "Status": "exited", "Running": false, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 0, "ExitCode": 137, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2021-07-29T23:31:58.686730736Z", "FinishedAt": "2021-07-29T23:32:10.840176294Z" }, "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63-json.log", "Name": "/optimistic_bartik", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/27c6cfd367d905528b550279efab95fa7f52c97abb12625131c408b6dea72fe7/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "d3b9799417b6", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": true, "AttachStdout": true, "AttachStderr": true, "Tty": true, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": true, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/bash" ], "Image": "centos", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "0ac7744565902b645737fcc3eabd47c9c27a7babaa0856ec55e466a7237e6ba8", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/0ac774456590", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "", "Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "", "IPPrefixLen": 0, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "2d10dc4aa739ceb9a9aad3c64688a40431ff71e5dfaed298ec83265434d7863c", "EndpointID": "", "Gateway": "", "IPAddress": "", "IPPrefixLen": 0, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "", "DriverOpts": null } } } }]
docker exec\attach 进入以后正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash #进入容器后开启新的终端,能够操作docker attach 容器ID#进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的过程
docker cp 拷贝文件
docker cp 容器ID:容器内门路 宿主机门路
其余
docker run -d 容器IDdocker ps 发现容器进行了起因:docker容器在后盾运行,必须有一个前台过程,如果docker发现没有利用,就会主动进行