Docker是怎么工作的?

Docker是一个Client - Server 构造的零碎,Docker的守护过程运行在宿主机上,通过Socket从客户端拜访。Docker-Server收到Docker-Client的指令,就会执行命令。

Docker为什么比VM快?

1.Docker有更少的形象层
2.Docker利用的是宿主机的内核,VM须要Guest OS(操作系统内核)

帮忙命令
docker versiondocker info        #零碎信息,包含镜像和容器的数量docker xxx --help

官网文档:https://docs.docker.com/refer...

镜像命令
docker images --help
docker images 查看所有本地镜像
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZEhello-world   latest    d1165f221234   4 months ago   13.3kBREPOSITORY  #镜像仓库源  TAG         #镜像标签IMAGE ID    #镜像ID   CREATED     #镜像创立工夫   SIZE        #镜像大小#可选项-a --all      #列出所有镜像-q --quiet    #只显示镜像ID   
docker search 搜寻镜像
docker search mysql#可选项-f --filter #过滤条件--fitler=STARS=3000 #珍藏3000以上的镜像
docker pull 下载镜像

Dockerhub地址:https://hub.docker.com

docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]OPTIONS #可选项NAME    #镜像名TAG     #镜像标签#指定版本下载docker pull mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 容器ID1 ... 容器IDN#删除全副镜像docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
容器命令
docker run 新建并启动容器
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] #参数阐明--name #容器名-d     #后盾形式运行  -it    #交互方式运行,进入容器查看  -p     #指定容器端口-P     #随机指定端口#测试:启动并进入容器docker pull centosdocker run -it centos /bin/bash      #退出容器exit #容器进行并退出CTRL + P + Q #不进行退出
docker ps 列出容器
docker ps #列出以后正在运行的容器-a   #列出以后正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器-n=? #最近创立的容器-q   #只显示容器编号
docker rm 删除容器
docker rm 容器IDdocker rm $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器-f #强制删除(包含运行中的容器)
docker start 启动容器
docker start 容器IDdocker restart 容器IDdocker stop 容器IDdocker kill 容器ID
docker logs 查看日志
docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器ID #显示指定行数docker logs -t -f 容器ID         #显示日志
docker top 查看过程
docker top 容器ID
docker inspect 查看元数据
docker inspect 容器ID[    {        "Id": "d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63",        "Created": "2021-07-29T23:22:16.737750806Z",        "Path": "/bin/bash",        "Args": [],        "State": {            "Status": "exited",            "Running": false,            "Paused": false,            "Restarting": false,            "OOMKilled": false,            "Dead": false,            "Pid": 0,            "ExitCode": 137,            "Error": "",            "StartedAt": "2021-07-29T23:31:58.686730736Z",            "FinishedAt": "2021-07-29T23:32:10.840176294Z"        },        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/resolv.conf",        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/hostname",        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/hosts",        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63/d3b9799417b69391ba9bdd644b7a5604780cecc371a6511a62b5503d063c3e63-json.log",        "Name": "/optimistic_bartik",        "RestartCount": 0,        "Driver": "overlay2",        "Platform": "linux",        "MountLabel": "",        "ProcessLabel": "",        "AppArmorProfile": "",        "ExecIDs": null,        "HostConfig": {            "Binds": null,            "ContainerIDFile": "",            "LogConfig": {                "Type": "json-file",                "Config": {}            },            "NetworkMode": "default",            "PortBindings": {},            "RestartPolicy": {                "Name": "no",                "MaximumRetryCount": 0            },            "AutoRemove": false,            "VolumeDriver": "",            "VolumesFrom": null,            "CapAdd": null,            "CapDrop": null,            "CgroupnsMode": "host",            "Dns": [],            "DnsOptions": [],            "DnsSearch": [],            "ExtraHosts": null,            "GroupAdd": null,            "IpcMode": "private",            "Cgroup": "",            "Links": null,            "OomScoreAdj": 0,            "PidMode": "",            "Privileged": false,            "PublishAllPorts": false,            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,            "SecurityOpt": null,            "UTSMode": "",            "UsernsMode": "",            "ShmSize": 67108864,            "Runtime": "runc",            "ConsoleSize": [                0,                0            ],            "Isolation": "",            "CpuShares": 0,            "Memory": 0,            "NanoCpus": 0,            "CgroupParent": "",            "BlkioWeight": 0,            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,            "CpuPeriod": 0,            "CpuQuota": 0,            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,            "CpusetCpus": "",            "CpusetMems": "",            "Devices": [],            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,            "DeviceRequests": null,            "KernelMemory": 0,            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,            "MemoryReservation": 0,            "MemorySwap": 0,            "MemorySwappiness": null,            "OomKillDisable": false,            "PidsLimit": null,            "Ulimits": null,            "CpuCount": 0,            "CpuPercent": 0,            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,            "MaskedPaths": [                "/proc/asound",                "/proc/acpi",                "/proc/kcore",                "/proc/keys",                "/proc/latency_stats",                "/proc/timer_list",                "/proc/timer_stats",                "/proc/sched_debug",                "/proc/scsi",                "/sys/firmware"            ],            "ReadonlyPaths": [                "/proc/bus",                "/proc/fs",                "/proc/irq",                "/proc/sys",                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"            ]        },        "GraphDriver": {            "Data": {                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/27c6cfd367d905528b550279efab95fa7f52c97abb12625131c408b6dea72fe7/diff",                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587/merged",                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587/diff",                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd5fe8080f2c13c00311711f4e51865588f39c784047fcdce26d4611f6128587/work"            },            "Name": "overlay2"        },        "Mounts": [],        "Config": {            "Hostname": "d3b9799417b6",            "Domainname": "",            "User": "",            "AttachStdin": true,            "AttachStdout": true,            "AttachStderr": true,            "Tty": true,            "OpenStdin": true,            "StdinOnce": true,            "Env": [                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"            ],            "Cmd": [                "/bin/bash"            ],            "Image": "centos",            "Volumes": null,            "WorkingDir": "",            "Entrypoint": null,            "OnBuild": null,            "Labels": {                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"            }        },        "NetworkSettings": {            "Bridge": "",            "SandboxID": "0ac7744565902b645737fcc3eabd47c9c27a7babaa0856ec55e466a7237e6ba8",            "HairpinMode": false,            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,            "Ports": {},            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/0ac774456590",            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,            "EndpointID": "",            "Gateway": "",            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,            "IPAddress": "",            "IPPrefixLen": 0,            "IPv6Gateway": "",            "MacAddress": "",            "Networks": {                "bridge": {                    "IPAMConfig": null,                    "Links": null,                    "Aliases": null,                    "NetworkID": "2d10dc4aa739ceb9a9aad3c64688a40431ff71e5dfaed298ec83265434d7863c",                    "EndpointID": "",                    "Gateway": "",                    "IPAddress": "",                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,                    "IPv6Gateway": "",                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,                    "MacAddress": "",                    "DriverOpts": null                }            }        }    }]
docker exec\attach 进入以后正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash  #进入容器后开启新的终端,能够操作docker attach 容器ID#进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的过程
docker cp 拷贝文件
docker cp 容器ID:容器内门路 宿主机门路
其余
docker run -d 容器IDdocker ps 发现容器进行了起因:docker容器在后盾运行,必须有一个前台过程,如果docker发现没有利用,就会主动进行
小结