利用场景

封装一些罕用的工具类,保障整个利用罕用的数据对立
保留一些共享数据在内存中,其余类随时能够读取。
创建对象耗时或者消耗资源过多,但又须要频繁用到;
须要频繁的进行创立和销毁的对象;
留神:如果写成单例模式就不要用spring注入了,spring注入默认单例,两者反复
7种形式

饿汉式

线程平安
public class Singleton {    private static final Singleton instance = new Singleton();    private Singleton() {    }    public static Singleton getInstance() {        return instance;    }}

线程平安,类加载的时候实例化,意思就是在初始化instance的时候就new了,所以导致资源节约(求全责备的说)

懒汉式-线程不平安

线程不平安

public class Singleton {

private static Singleton instance;private Singleton() {}public static Singleton getInstance() {    if (instance == null) {        instance = new Singleton();    }    return instance;}

}
首次我调用getInstance,那么就会进行类加载,这时候instance援用没被初始化。
而后进行判断空后,给instance援用初始化一个对象。
下次调用getInstance因为是不是空,间接返回。
疑难:我调用getInstance后,都会返回一个对象。饿汉式只是说初始化的时候就new了对象,而我这做了判断再new,本质上都把对象new了。那么懒汉式节俭资源体现在哪?

体现在你调用类的其它办法的时候,它不会new(实例化)对象!

上代码!

懒汉式-同步办法

线程平安,同步办法
public class Singleton {    private static Singleton instance;    private Singleton() {    }    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {        if (instance == null) {            instance = new Singleton();        }        return instance;    }}

线程平安,但效率低下!

懒汉式,双重检测

线程平安,同步代码块

public class Singleton {    private static volatile Singleton instance;    private Singleton() {    }    public static Singleton getInstance() {        if (instance == null) {            synchronized (Singleton.class) {                if (instance == null) {                    instance = new Singleton();                }            }        }        return instance;    }}

兼顾效率和线程平安,能够用。然而性能不高

动态外部类(举荐)

线程平安

public class Singleton {    private static Singleton instance;    private Singleton() {    }    public static Singleton getInstance() {        return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;    }    private static class SingletonHolder {        private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();    }}

业务这种够用,线程平安+懒加载

枚举

线程平安public enum Singleton {    INSTANCE;}

晓得就行,线程平安,防反射,防反序列化。其它形式不防!

枚举懒加载

public class ThreadPoolUtil {

private enum innerEnum {    INSTANCE;    private final ThreadPoolExecutor executor;    private final ThreadPoolUtil threadPoolUtil;    innerEnum() {        ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy policy = new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy();        executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0,                Integer.MAX_VALUE,                60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,                new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),                policy        );        threadPoolUtil = new ThreadPoolUtil();    }    private ThreadPoolExecutor getThreadPool() {        return executor;    }    private ThreadPoolUtil threadPoolUtil() {        return threadPoolUtil;    }}public static ThreadPoolUtil getInstance() {    return innerEnum.INSTANCE.threadPoolUtil();}public ThreadPoolExecutor getThreadPool() {    return innerEnum.INSTANCE.getThreadPool();}

}
这部分拿不准,先放在这里。所以说枚举到底是不是懒加载,是的话又例子论证吗?网上说法不一,搞不懂
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