<Python启发式自动化>之钉钉推送

如果你心愿通过钉钉接管信息告诉(留神不是钉钉邮件，所有邮件操作曾经在上一大节讲过)

在钉钉上设置一个群机器人，钉钉集体权限所致。

如果为企业权限请具体参考 https://developers.dingtalk.com/document
  • 增加一个自定义机器人并指定群组
  • 失去一个 Webhook 地址
  • 出于平安思考，增加签名，即 secret
依据 https://developers.dingtalk.com/document/app/custom-robot-access?spm=ding_open_doc.document.0.0.6d9d28e1ji2ImR#topic-2026027 应用 Python 实现一个机器人推送性能

文本推送

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsonimport timeimport hmacimport hashlibimport base64import urllib.parsedef dingMessage():    timestamp = str(round(time.time() * 1000))    secret = 'SEC21022...cf06a65a761c86eb4027b'    secret_enc = secret.encode('utf-8')    string_to_sign = '{}\n{}'.format(timestamp, secret)    string_to_sign_enc = string_to_sign.encode('utf-8')    hmac_code = hmac.new(secret_enc, string_to_sign_enc, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()    sign = urllib.parse.quote_plus(base64.b64encode(hmac_code))    print(timestamp)    print(sign)    # 申请的URL，WebHook地址    webhook = f"https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=33576dfcb4...7bc0ec08354cc181a&timestamp={timestamp}&sign={sign}"    # 构建申请头部    header = {        "Content-Type": "application/json",        "Charset": "UTF-8"    }    # 构建申请数据    tex = "呼叫0号呼叫0号"    message = {        "msgtype": "text",        "text": {            "content": f" @137....97091 {tex}"        },        # todo 是否@所有人        "at": {            "atMobiles": [                "137...7091"            ],            "isAtAll": False        }    }    # 对申请的数据进行json封装    message_json = json.dumps(message)    # 发送申请    info = requests.post(url=webhook, data=message_json, headers=header)    # 打印返回的后果    print(info.text)if __name__ == "__main__":    dingMessage()

做了什么

  • secret 机器人加签
  • webhook 机器人API地址，参数组成: timestamp(工夫戳) sign(sha256加密后base64编码生成的签名)
  • tex 文本信息
  • message 主体对象，抉择@相干的人(这里依据手机号码)

markdown推送

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import jsonimport requestsdef dingmessage():    import time    import hmac    import hashlib    import base64    import urllib.parse    timestamp = str(round(time.time() * 1000))    secret = 'SEC21022b79....9cf06a65a761c86eb4027b'    secret_enc = secret.encode('utf-8')    string_to_sign = '{}\n{}'.format(timestamp, secret)    string_to_sign_enc = string_to_sign.encode('utf-8')    hmac_code = hmac.new(secret_enc, string_to_sign_enc, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()    sign = urllib.parse.quote_plus(base64.b64encode(hmac_code))    print(timestamp)    print(sign)    # 申请的URL，WebHook地址    webhook = f"https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=33576dfc....4800d577bc0ec08354cc181a&timestamp={timestamp}&sign={sign}"    # 构建申请头部    header = {        "Content-Type": "application/json",        "Charset": "UTF-8"    }    message = {        "msgtype": "markdown",        # "text": {        #     "content": f" @137...97091 {tex}"        # },        "markdown": {            "title": "杭州天气",            "text": "#### 杭州天气 @155...773 \n> 900度，西北风1级，空气良8009，绝对温度673%\n> [![screenshot](https://img.alicdn.com/tfs/TB1NwmBEL9TBuNjy1zbXXXpepXa-2400-1218.png)](https://developers.dingtalk.com/document/app/send-normal-messages)\n> ###### 10点20分公布 [天气](https://www.dingtalk.com) \n"        },        # todo 是否@所有人        "at": {            "atMobiles": [                "15....773"            ],            "isAtAll": False        }    }    # 对申请的数据进行json封装    message_json = json.dumps(message)    # 发送申请    info = requests.post(url=webhook, data=message_json, headers=header)    # 打印返回的后果    print(info.text)if __name__ == "__main__":    dingmessage()

网页链接

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import jsonimport requestsdef dingmessage():    import time    import hmac    import hashlib    import base64    import urllib.parse    timestamp = str(round(time.time() * 1000))    secret = 'SEC21022b792577....8639cf06a65a761c86eb4027b'    secret_enc = secret.encode('utf-8')    string_to_sign = '{}\n{}'.format(timestamp, secret)    string_to_sign_enc = string_to_sign.encode('utf-8')    hmac_code = hmac.new(secret_enc, string_to_sign_enc, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()    sign = urllib.parse.quote_plus(base64.b64encode(hmac_code))    print(timestamp)    print(sign)    # 申请的URL，WebHook地址    webhook = f"https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=33576dfcb4....800d577bc0ec08354cc181a&timestamp={timestamp}&sign={sign}"    header = {        "Content-Type": "application/json",        "Charset": "UTF-8"    }    message = {        "msgtype": "link",        "link": {            "text": "这个行将公布的新版本，创始人xx称它为红树林。而在此之前，每当面临重大降级，产品经理们都会取一个应景的代号，这一次，为什么是红树林",            "title": "时代的火车向前开",            "picUrl": "",            "messageUrl": "https://www.dingtalk.com/s?__biz=MzA4NjMwMTA2Ng==&mid=2650316842&idx=1&sn=60da3ea2b29f1dcc43a7c8e4a7c97a16&scene=2&srcid=09189AnRJEdIiWVaKltFzNTw&from=timeline&isappinstalled=0&key=&ascene=2&uin=&devicetype=android-23&version=26031933&nettype=WIFI"        },        # todo 是否@所有人        "at": {            "atMobiles": [                "15....8773"            ],            "isAtAll": False        }    }    message_json = json.dumps(message)    info = requests.post(url=webhook, data=message_json, headers=header)    print(info.text)if __name__ == "__main__":    dingmessage()

卡片推送

整体跳转ActionCard类型

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import jsonimport requestsdef dingmessage():    import time    import hmac    import hashlib    import base64    import urllib.parse    timestamp = str(round(time.time() * 1000))    secret = 'SEC21022b7925....064668639cf06a65a761c86eb4027b'    secret_enc = secret.encode('utf-8')    string_to_sign = '{}\n{}'.format(timestamp, secret)    string_to_sign_enc = string_to_sign.encode('utf-8')    hmac_code = hmac.new(secret_enc, string_to_sign_enc, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()    sign = urllib.parse.quote_plus(base64.b64encode(hmac_code))    print(timestamp)    print(sign)    # 申请的URL，WebHook地址    webhook = f"https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=33576dfcb.....4800d577bc0ec08354cc181a&timestamp={timestamp}&sign={sign}"    header = {        "Content-Type": "application/json",        "Charset": "UTF-8"    }    message = {        "msgtype": "actionCard",        "actionCard": {            "text": "![screenshot](https://img.alicdn.com/tfs/TB1NwmBEL9TBuNjy1zbXXXpepXa-2400-1218.png) \n\n #### 乔布斯 20 年前想打造的苹果咖啡厅 \n\n Apple Store 的设计正从原来满满的科技感走向生活化，而其生活化的走向其实能够追溯到 20 年前苹果一个建设咖啡馆的打算",            "title": "时代的火车向前开",            "btnOrientation": "0",             "singleTitle" : "浏览全文",            "singleURL" : "https://www.dingtalk.com/"        },        # todo 是否@所有人        "at": {            "atMobiles": [                "155....8773"            ],            "isAtAll": False        }    }    message_json = json.dumps(message)    info = requests.post(url=webhook, data=message_json, headers=header)    print(info.text)if __name__ == "__main__":    dingmessage()

独立跳转ActionCard类型

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import jsonimport requestsdef dingmessage():    import time    import hmac    import hashlib    import base64    import urllib.parse    timestamp = str(round(time.time() * 1000))    secret = 'SEC21022b792.....39cf06a65a761c86eb4027b'    secret_enc = secret.encode('utf-8')    string_to_sign = '{}\n{}'.format(timestamp, secret)    string_to_sign_enc = string_to_sign.encode('utf-8')    hmac_code = hmac.new(secret_enc, string_to_sign_enc, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()    sign = urllib.parse.quote_plus(base64.b64encode(hmac_code))    print(timestamp)    print(sign)    # 申请的URL，WebHook地址    webhook = f"https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=33576dfcb4.....0ec08354cc181a&timestamp={timestamp}&sign={sign}"    header = {        "Content-Type": "application/json",        "Charset": "UTF-8"    }    message = {        "msgtype": "actionCard",        "actionCard": {            "text": "![screenshot](https://img.alicdn.com/tfs/TB1NwmBEL9TBuNjy1zbXXXpepXa-2400-1218.png) \n\n #### 乔布斯 20 年前想打造的苹果咖啡厅 \n\n Apple Store 的设计正从原来满满的科技感走向生活化，而其生活化的走向其实能够追溯到 20 年前苹果一个建设咖啡馆的打算",            "title": "时代的火车向前开",            "hideAvatar": "0",            "btnOrientation": "1",            "btns": [                {                    "title": "内容不错",                    "actionURL": "https://www.dingtalk.com/"                },                {                    "title": "不感兴趣",                    "actionURL": "https://www.dingtalk.com/"                }            ]        },        # todo 是否@所有人        "at": {            "atMobiles": [                "155....8773"            ],            "isAtAll": False        }    }    message_json = json.dumps(message)    info = requests.post(url=webhook, data=message_json, headers=header)    print(info.text)if __name__ == "__main__":    dingmessage()

以上就是钉钉群机器人告诉的几种类型。

总而言之钉钉机器人推送是一种十分不错的抉择，足以应答日常工作中的各类场景 (定时揭示、阈值告警、事件告诉 等等)