Unix 哲学
提供”尖锐“的小工具、其中每一把都意在把一件事件做好。
--《程序员修炼之道 - 从小工到专家》
写在后面
如果你应用Git,那你肯定懂得纯文本的魅力并青睐上shell这样的脚本语言。
在很多时候,我更喜爱可能通过脚本语言进行配置的工具,而不是间接装置到编辑器的工具。一是因为脚本能够放在我的项目中与更多的人共享,以放弃标准始终;二是脚本主动触发的操作无须要记更多的快捷键或者点击一点鼠标;再来则是脚本语言能够做更多灵便的操作,而不受软件开发者的束缚。这大略也是我始终喜爱用Git指令,而不是编译器提供给我的Git工具。
本文将持续解说git hooks,介绍一款可能帮忙咱们更好地治理和利用git hooks的工具。冀望找到的工具有如下的性能:
只须要提供配置文件,主动从地方hooks仓库获取脚本
- 如果有多个我的项目,就不须要再每个我的项目都拷贝一份hooks了
能够定义本地脚本仓库,容许开发人员自定义脚本,且无需批改配置文件
- 开发人员会有一些脚本以实现的自定义操作
- 无需批改配置文件是指能够间接指向一个目录,并执行外面的所有hooks或者指定一个无需上传到git的本地配置文件
每个阶段容许定义多个脚本
- 多个脚本能够使得性能划分而无需整合到一个臃肿的文件中
- 脚本反对多种语言
pre-commit 概要
不要被这个pre-commit的名字蛊惑,这个工具不仅仅能够在pre-commit阶段执行,其实能够在git-hooks的任意阶段,设置自定义阶段执行,见的stages
配置的解说。(这个名字大略是因为他们开始只做了pre-commit阶段的,后续才拓展了其余的阶段)。
装置pre-commit
在零碎中装置pre-commit
brew install pre-commit# 或者pip install pre-commit# 查看版本pre-commit --version# pre-commit 2.12.1 <- 这是我以后应用的版本
在我的项目中装置pre-commit
cd <git-repo>pre-commit install# 卸载pre-commit uninstall
依照操作将会在我的项目的.git/hooks
下生成一个pre-commit
文件(笼罩原pre-commit文件),该hook会依据我的项目根目录下的.pre-commit-config.yaml
执行工作。如果vim .git/hooks/pre-commit
能够看到代码的实现,根本逻辑是利用pre-commit
文件去拓展更多的pre-commit,这个和我上一篇文章的逻辑是相似的。
装置/卸载其余阶段的hook。
pre-commit installpre-commit uninstall-t {pre-commit,pre-merge-commit,pre-push,prepare-commit-msg,commit-msg,post-checkout,post-commit,post-merge}--hook-type {pre-commit,pre-merge-commit,pre-push,prepare-commit-msg,commit-msg,post-checkout,post-commit,post-merge}# 如 pre-commit install --hook-type prepare-commit-msg
罕用指令
# 手动对所有的文件执行hooks,新增hook的时候能够执行,使得代码均符合规范。间接执行该指令则无需等到pre-commit阶段再触发hookspre-commit run --all-files# 执行特定hookspre-commit run <hook_id># 将所有的hook更新到最新的版本/tagpre-commit autoupdate# 指定更新repopre-commit autoupdate --repo https://github.com/DoneSpeak/gromithooks
更多指令及指令参数请间接拜访pre-commit官方网站。
增加第三方hooks
cd <git-repo>pre-commit installtouch .pre-commit-config.yaml
如下为一个根本的配置样例。
.pre-commit-config.yaml
# 该config文件为该项目标pre-commit的配置文件,用于指定该我的项目能够执行的git hooks# 这是pre-commit的全局配置之一fail_fast: falserepos:# hook所在的仓库- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks # 仓库的版本,能够间接用tag或者分支,但分支是容易发生变化的 # 如果应用分支,则会在第一次装置之后不自动更新 # 通过 `pre-commit autoupdate`指令能够将tag更新到默认分支的最新tag rev: v4.0.1 # 仓库中的hook id hooks: # 定义的hook脚本,在repo的.pre-commit-hooks.yaml中定义 - id: check-added-large-files # 移除尾部空格符 - id: trailing-whitespace # 传入参数,不解决makedown args: [--markdown-linebreak-ext=md] # 查看是否含有合并抵触符号 - id: check-merge-conflict- repo: https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks rev: v2.0.0 hooks: - id: pretty-format-yaml # https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks/blob/v2.0.0/language_formatters_pre_commit_hooks/pretty_format_yaml.py # hook脚本须要的参数,能够在该hook脚本文件中看到 args: [--autofix, --indent, '2']
在run
之后,pre-commit会下载指定仓库代码,并装置配置所须要的运行环境。配置实现之后能够通过pre-commit run --all-files
运行一下增加的hooks。下表为.pre-commit-hooks.yaml
可选配置项。
key word | description |
---|---|
id | the id of the hook - used in pre-commit-config.yaml. |
name | the name of the hook - shown during hook execution. |
entry | the entry point - the executable to run. entry can also contain arguments that will not be overridden such as entry: autopep8 -i . |
language | the language of the hook - tells pre-commit how to install the hook. |
files | (optional: default '' ) the pattern of files to run on. |
exclude | (optional: default ^$ ) exclude files that were matched by files |
types | (optional: default [file] ) list of file types to run on (AND). See Filtering files with types. |
types_or | (optional: default [] ) list of file types to run on (OR). See Filtering files with types. new in 2.9.0. |
exclude_types | (optional: default [] ) the pattern of files to exclude. |
always_run | (optional: default false ) if true this hook will run even if there are no matching files. |
verbose | (optional) if true , forces the output of the hook to be printed even when the hook passes. new in 1.6.0. |
pass_filenames | (optional: default true ) if false no filenames will be passed to the hook. |
require_serial | (optional: default false ) if true this hook will execute using a single process instead of in parallel. new in 1.13.0. |
description | (optional: default '' ) description of the hook. used for metadata purposes only. |
language_version | (optional: default default ) see Overriding language version. |
minimum_pre_commit_version | (optional: default '0' ) allows one to indicate a minimum compatible pre-commit version. |
args | (optional: default [] ) list of additional parameters to pass to the hook. |
stages | (optional: default (all stages)) confines the hook to the commit , merge-commit , push , prepare-commit-msg , commit-msg , post-checkout , post-commit , post-merge , or manual stage. See Confining hooks to run at certain stages. |
开发hooks仓库
下面曾经解说了在我的项目中应用第三方的hooks,但有局部性能是定制化须要的,无奈从第三方取得。这时候就须要咱们本人开发本人的hooks仓库。
As long as your git repo is an installable package (gem, npm, pypi, etc.) or exposes an executable, it can be used with pre-commit.
只有你的git仓库是可装置的或者裸露为可执行的,它就能够被pre-commit应用。这里演示的我的项目为可打包的Python我的项目。也是第一次写这样的我的项目,花了不少力量。如果是不怎么接触的Python的,能够跟着文末的Packaging Python Projects ,也能够模拟第三方hooks仓库来写。
如下为我的项目的目录根本构造(残缺我的项目见文末的源码门路):
├── README.md├── pre_commit_hooks│ ├── __init__.py│ ├── cm_tapd_autoconnect.py # 理论执行的脚本│ ├── pcm_issue_ref_prefix.py # 理论执行的脚本│ └── pcm_tapd_ref_prefix.py # 理论执行的脚本├── .pre-commit-hooks.yaml # 配置 pre-commit hooks entry├── pyproject.toml├── setup.cfg # 我的项目信息,配置hook entry point执行的脚本└── setup.py
一个含有pre-commit插件的git仓库,必须含有一个.pre-commit-hooks.yaml
文件,告知pre-commit
插件信息。.pre-commit-hooks.yaml
的配置可选项和.pre-commit-config.yaml
是一样的。
.pre-commit-hooks.yaml
# 该我的项目为一个pre-commit hooks仓库我的项目,对外提供hooks- id: pcm-issue-ref-prefix name: Add issue reference prefix for commit msg description: Add issue reference prefix for commit msg to link commit and issue entry: pcm-issue-ref-prefix # 实现hook所应用的语言 language: python stages: [prepare-commit-msg]- id: pcm-tapd-ref-prefix name: Add tapd reference prefix for commit msg description: Add tapd reference prefix for commit msg entry: pcm-tapd-ref-prefix # 实现hook所应用的语言 language: python stages: [prepare-commit-msg] # 强制输入两头日志,这里不做配置,由用户在 .pre-commit-config.yaml 中指定 # verbose: true- id: cm-tapd-autoconnect name: Add tapd reference for commit msg description: Add tapd reference for commit msg to connect tapd and commit entry: cm-tapd-autoconnect # 实现hook所应用的语言 language: python stages: [commit-msg]
其中中的entry为执行的指令,对应在setup.cfg
中的[options.entry_points]
配置的列表。
setup.cfg
...[options.entry_points]console_scripts = cm-tapd-autoconnect = pre_commit_hooks.cm_tapd_autoconnect:main pcm-tapd-ref-prefix = pre_commit_hooks.pcm_tapd_ref_prefix:main pcm-issue-ref-prefix = pre_commit_hooks.pcm_issue_ref_prefix:main
以下是pcm-issue-ref-prefix
对应的python脚本,该脚本用于依据branch name为commit message增加issue前缀的一个prepare-commit-msg
hook。
pre_commit_hooks/pcm_issue_ref_prefix.py
# 依据分支名,主动增加commit message前缀以关联issue和commit。## 分支名 | commit 格局# --- | ---# issue-1234 | #1234, message# issue-1234-fix-bug | #1234, messageimport sys, os, refrom subprocess import check_outputfrom typing import Optionalfrom typing import Sequencedef main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int: commit_msg_filepath = sys.argv[1] # 检测咱们所在的分支 branch = check_output(['git', 'symbolic-ref', '--short', 'HEAD']).strip().decode('utf-8') # 匹配如:issue-123, issue-1234-fix result = re.match('^issue-(\d+)((-.*)+)?$', branch) if not result: # 分支名不合乎 warning = "WARN: Unable to add issue prefix since the format of the branch name dismatch." warning += "\nThe branch should look like issue-<number> or issue-<number>-<other>, for example: issue-100012 or issue-10012-fix-bug)" print(warning) return issue_number = result.group(1) with open(commit_msg_filepath, 'r+') as f: content = f.read() if re.search('^#[0-9]+(.*)', content): # print('There is already issue prefix in commit message.') return issue_prefix = '#' + issue_number f.seek(0, 0) f.write("%s, %s" % (issue_prefix, content)) # print('Add issue prefix %s to commit message.' % issue_prefix)if __name__ == '__main__': exit(main())
这里用 commit_msg_filepath = sys.argv[1]
获取commit_msg文件的门路,当然,你也能够用argparse
获取到。局部阶段的参数列表能够在pre-commit官网的install命令解说中看到。
import argparsefrom typing import Optionalfrom typing import Sequencedef main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int: parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('filename', nargs='*', help='Filenames to check.') args = parser.parse_args(argv) # .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG print("commit_msg file is " + args.filename[0])if __name__ == '__main__': exit(main())
只有在须要配置的我的项目中依照如下配置.pre-commit-config.yaml
即可应用。
repos:- repo: https://github.com/DoneSpeak/gromithooks rev: v1.0.0 hooks: - id: pcm-issue-ref-prefix verbose: true # 指定hook执行的阶段 stages: [prepare-commit-msg]
本地hooks
pre-commit 也提供了local
的hook,容许在entry
中配置执行指令或指向本地一个可执行的脚本文件,应用起来和husky
相似。
- 脚本与代码仓库严密耦合,并且与代码仓库一起散发。
- Hooks须要的状态只存在于代码仓库的build artifact中(比方应用程序的pylint的virtualenv)。
- linter的官网代码仓库没有提供pre-commit metadata.
local hooks能够应用反对additional_dependencies
的语言或者 docker_image
/ fail
/ pygrep
/ script
/ system
。
# 定义repo为local,示意该repo为本地仓库- repo: local hooks: - id: pylint name: pylint entry: pylint language: system types: [python] - id: changelogs-rst name: changelogs must be rst entry: changelog filenames must end in .rst language: fail # fail 是一种用于通过文件名禁止文件的轻语言 files: 'changelog/.*(?<!\.rst)$'
自定义本地脚本
在文章开篇也有说到,心愿能够提供一个办法让开发人员创立本人的hooks,但提交到公共代码库中。我看完了官网的文档,没有找到相干的性能点。但通过下面的local repo
性能咱们能够开发合乎该需要的性能。
因为local repo
容许entry执行本地文件,所以只有为每个阶段定义一个可执行的文件即可。上面的配置中,在我的项目更目录下创立了一个.git_hooks
目录,用来寄存开发人员本人的脚本。(能够留神到这里并没有定义出全副的stage,仅仅定义了pre-commit install -t
反对的stage)。
- repo: local hooks: - id: commit-msg name: commit-msg (local) entry: .git_hooks/commit-msg language: script stages: [commit-msg] # verbose: true - id: post-checkout name: post-checkout (local) entry: .git_hooks/post-checkout language: script stages: [post-checkout] # verbose: true - id: post-commit name: post-commit (local) entry: .git_hooks/post-commit language: script stages: [post-commit] # verbose: true - id: post-merge name: post-merge (local) entry: .git_hooks/post-merge language: script stages: [post-merge] # verbose: true - id: pre-commit name: pre-commit (local) entry: .git_hooks/pre-commit language: script stages: [commit] # verbose: true - id: pre-merge-commit name: pre-merge-commit (local) entry: .git_hooks/pre-merge-commit language: script stages: [merge-commit] # verbose: true - id: pre-push name: pre-push (local) entry: .git_hooks/pre-push language: script stages: [push] # verbose: true - id: prepare-commit-msg name: prepare-commit-msg (local) entry: .git_hooks/prepare-commit-msg language: script stages: [prepare-commit-msg] # verbose: true
遵循可能自动化的就自动化的准则。这里提供了主动创立以上所有阶段文件的脚本(如果entry指定的脚本文件不存在会Fail)。install-git-hooks.sh
会装置pre-commit
和pre-commit反对的stage,如果指定CUSTOMIZED=1
则初始化.git_hooks
中的hooks,并增加customized local hooks到.pre-commit-config.yaml
。
install-git-hooks.sh
#!/bin/bash:<<'COMMENT'chmod +x install-git-hooks.sh./install-git-hooks.sh# intall with initializing customized hooksCUSTOMIZED=1 ./install-git-hooks.shCOMMENTSTAGES="pre-commit pre-merge-commit pre-push prepare-commit-msg commit-msg post-checkout post-commit post-merge"installPreCommit() { HAS_PRE_COMMIT=$(which pre-commit) if [ -n "$HAS_PRE_COMMIT" ]; then return fi HAS_PIP=$(which pip) if [ -z "$HAS_PIP" ]; then echo "ERROR:pip is required, please install it mantually." exit 1 fi pip install pre-commit}touchCustomizedGitHook() { mkdir .git_hooks for stage in $STAGES do STAGE_HOOK=".git_hooks/$stage" if [ -f "$STAGE_HOOK" ]; then echo "WARN:Fail to touch $STAGE_HOOK because it exists." continue fi echo -e "#!/bin/bash\n\n# general git hooks is available." > "$STAGE_HOOK" chmod +x "$STAGE_HOOK" done}preCommitInstall() { for stage in $STAGES do STAGE_HOOK=".git/hooks/$stage" if [ -f "$STAGE_HOOK" ]; then echo "WARN:Fail to install $STAGE_HOOK because it exists." continue fi pre-commit install -t "$stage" done}touchPreCommitConfigYaml() { PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG=".pre-commit-config.yaml" if [ -f "$PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG" ]; then echo "WARN: abort to init .pre-commit-config.yaml for it's existence." return 1 fi touch $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG echo "# 在Git我的项目中应用pre-commit对立治理hooks" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG echo "# https://donespeak.gitlab.io/posts/210525-using-pre-commit-for-git-hooks/" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG}initPreCommitConfigYaml() { touchPreCommitConfigYaml if [ "$?" == "1" ]; then return 1 fi echo "" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG echo "repos:" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG echo " - repo: local" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG echo " hooks:" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG for stage in $STAGES do echo " - id: $stage" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG echo " name: $stage (local)" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG echo " entry: .git_hooks/$stage" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG echo " language: script" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG if [[ $stage == pre-* ]]; then stage=${stage#pre-} fi echo " stages: [$stage]" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG echo " # verbose: true" >> $PRE_COMMIT_CONFIG done}ignoreCustomizedGitHook() { CUSTOMIZED_GITHOOK_DIR=".git_hooks/" GITIGNORE_FILE=".gitignore" if [ -f "$GITIGNORE_FILE" ]; then if [ "$(grep -c "$CUSTOMIZED_GITHOOK_DIR" $GITIGNORE_FILE)" -ne '0' ]; then # 判断文件中曾经有配置 return fi fi echo -e "\n# 疏忽.git_hooks中文件,使得其中的脚本不提交到代码仓库\n$CUSTOMIZED_GITHOOK_DIR\n!.git_hooks/.gitkeeper" >> $GITIGNORE_FILE}installPreCommitif [ "$CUSTOMIZED" == "1" ]; then touchCustomizedGitHook initPreCommitConfigYamlelse touchPreCommitConfigYamlfipreCommitInstallignoreCustomizedGitHook
增加Makefile,提供make install-git-hook
装置指令。该指令会主动下载git仓库中的install-git-hooks.sh
文件,并执行。此外,如果执行CUSTOMIZED=1 make install-git-hook
则会初始化customized的hooks。
Makefile
install-git-hooks: install-git-hooks.sh chmod +x ./$< && ./$<install-git-hooks.sh: # 如果遇到 Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Connection refused # 为DNS净化问题,可在https://www.ipaddress.com/查问域名,而后写入hosts文件中 # 见:https://github.com/hawtim/blog/issues/10 wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DoneSpeak/gromithooks/v1.0.1/install-git-hooks.sh
在.git_hooks中的hook文件能够依照本来在.git/hooks中的脚本写,也能够依照pre-commit的hook写。
prepare-commit-msg
#!/usr/bin/env pythonimport argparsefrom typing import Optionalfrom typing import Sequencedef main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int: parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('filename', nargs='*', help='Filenames to check.') args = parser.parse_args(argv) # .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG print("commit_msg file is " + args.filename[0])if __name__ == '__main__': exit(main())
prepare-commit-msg
#!/bin/bashecho "commit_msg file is $1"
到这里pre-commit
的次要性能就解说实现了,如果须要理解更多的性能(如定义git template),能够看官网文档。
相干文章
举荐
- 本文章源码 Donespeak/Gromithooks
- 定义全局Git Hooks和自定义Git Hooks
- 通过Git Hook关联Tapd和Commit
参考
- pre-commit | A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks. @pre-commit.com
- pre-commit | Supported hooks @pre-commit.com
- 一个值得参考的.pre-commit-config.yaml @github
- Git钩子:自定义你的工作流 用python写git hooks
- Packaging Python Projects @python.org 会给出一个从创立到公布的流程介绍