背景
将利用和运行环境打包成一个镜像
为了数据安全，数据不能放在容器中
数据须要长久化存储
卷技术说白了，将容器内目录挂载到Linux中的目录，文件同步的机制
卷的目标：为了做长久化和同步，容器间也能够实现数据共享
应用数据卷 形式一
docker run -it -v 宿主机目录:容器内目录 centos /bin/bash
启动之后能够应用
docker inspect 容器id
查看Mounts
- 请手敲代码！
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#执行挂载命令-v➜ ~ docker run -it -d --name centos01 -v /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/etc:/etc centos6080c9748915bd8c64d2cc218ff3f3431a155fd360be60620184eb80ba6a6add#查看运行中的容器列表➜ ~ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES6080c9748915 centos "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds centos01#进入容器➜ ~ docker exec -it 6080c9748915 /bin/bash#进入etc 创立文件并写入数据bash-4.4# cd /etc/bash-4.4# touch index.html & echo 'hi! smallForest'>index.html# ls一下bash-4.4# lshostname hosts index.html resolv.conf# 退出容器bash-4.4# exit# 查看容器信息 inspect➜ ~ docker inspect 6080c9748915返回后果巨长，只写Mounts局部"Mounts": [ { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/etc", "Destination": "/etc", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" } ],# 回到宿主机目录/Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/etc。校验index.html是否存在，内容是否是'hi! smallForest'容器进行宿主机批改文件重启后会同步吗？
- 请手敲命令
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# 查看运行中的容器➜ ~ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES6080c9748915 centos "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes centos01# 进行容器➜ ~ docker stop 6080c97489156080c9748915➜ ~ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES#在宿主机中批改index.html追加一句话➜ ~ vim /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/etc/index.html➜ ~ cat /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/etc/index.htmlhi! smallForestupdate on MacOS#启动容器➜ ~ docker start 6080c97489156080c9748915#进入容器➜ ~ docker exec -it 6080c9748915 /bin/bash #进入配置目录bash-4.4# cd /etc/#查看index.html曾经同步更新bash-4.4# cat index.html hi! smallForestupdate on MacOS论断：容器进行宿主机批改文件重启后会同步
挂载到宿主机目录之后删除容器，数据会删除吗？
MySQL数据同步 长久化问题。须要配置pwd
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docker run -d -p 3306:3306 -v /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7Unable to find image 'mysql:5.7' locally5.7: Pulling from library/mysql69692152171a: Already exists 1651b0be3df3: Pull complete 951da7386bc8: Pull complete 0f86c95aa242: Pull complete 37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete 6d278bb05e94: Pull complete 497efbd93a3e: Pull complete a023ae82eef5: Pull complete e76c35f20ee7: Pull complete e887524d2ef9: Pull complete ccb65627e1c3: Pull complete Digest: sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21faStatus: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7bcc85b93643d2c1cb84f786eed080f55d346a8df15260327a673b8cd98224d14# 应用明码123456连贯Navicat 并创立一个数据库# 删除容器➜ ~ docker stop bcc85b93643d & docker rm bcc85b93643d➜ ~ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES#回到宿主机目录/Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/mysql/data 查看数据库文件是否存在论断：挂载到宿主机目录之后删除容器，数据不会删除
匿名挂载
-v 容器内目录！不指定宿主机门路
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# 启动NGINX容器，匿名挂载，-P示意主动指定端口➜ ~ docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx:latest8f2ea2ad93a0e3d98560c9f59e7d7f05a90375b909d7b265f14151e845256694# 查看容器详情➜ ~ docker inspect 8f2ea2ad93a0#简略展现"Mounts": [ { "Type": "volume", "Name": "f50a729cba7814d70f11dbb0862c5aefc1b076b142c84bc5133986cdc2a869ce", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/f50a729cba7814d70f11dbb0862c5aefc1b076b142c84bc5133986cdc2a869ce/_data", "Destination": "/etc/nginx", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" } ],# 查看本地所有卷的列表➜ ~ docker volume ls具名挂载
给卷设置名字
-v 卷名:容器内目录- code
# 创立nginx容器 具名挂载➜ ~ docker run -d -P --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx:latestcae84c37d3f4278815fd7793b59b54250dfc65355d9748d30dcebe6bf0e1de2e# 查看本地所有的卷➜ ~ docker volume lsDRIVER VOLUME NAMElocal juming-nginxlocal portainer_datalocal user_cert# 查看卷名“juming-nginx”的信息，Mountpoint就是宿主机存储文件地位➜ ~ docker volume inspect juming-nginx[ { "CreatedAt": "2021-05-26T09:10:55Z", "Driver": "local", "Labels": null, "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data", "Name": "juming-nginx", "Options": null, "Scope": "local" }]具名挂载形式不便找卷
辨别匿名挂载，具名挂载，指定宿主门路挂载
- -v 容器内门路
- -v 卷名:容器内门路
- -v /宿主机门路:容器内门路
扩大常识：
-v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro
ro rw 别离示意只读 读写
ro示意挂载的门路只能在宿主机内批改，不能在容器内批改
code ==失败中==
➜ ~ docker run -d -P --name nginx05 -v /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx:ro nginx:latest➜ ~ docker inspect 容器id应用数据卷 形式二
初识Dockerfile
Dockerfile就是用来构建docker镜像的构建文件，命令脚本，通过脚本能够生成镜像。- 能够实现数据卷挂载，
- 镜像生成 docker build -f Dockerfile -t 镜像名称:TAG . #开端必须有个点
- 在Dockerfile文件的名字是Dockerfile的时候,docker build 能够不必指定-f
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# 打印以后门路➜ file pwd/Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/file# file门路下执行创立文件命令➜ file touch Dockerfile1# 编辑文件写入内容➜ file vim Dockerfile1# 查看是否写入胜利➜ file cat Dockerfile1 FROM centosVOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]CMD echo "----end----"CMD /bin/bash# 命令行开端短少点 报错➜ file docker build -f Dockerfile1 -t mycentos:02"docker build" requires exactly 1 argument.See 'docker build --help'.Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -Build an image from a Dockerfile# 命令减少点 生成胜利➜ file docker build -f Dockerfile1 -t mycentos:02 .[+] Building 0.1s (5/5) FINISHED => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile1 0.0s => => transferring dockerfile: 123B 0.0s => [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s => => transferring context: 2B 0.0s => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:latest 0.0s => CACHED [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/centos 0.0s => exporting to image 0.0s => => exporting layers 0.0s => => writing image sha256:231feafd3348cc7cb6a2eeed8b19effe7b15fd2a723a287669e6d06 0.0s => => naming to docker.io/library/mycentos:02 0.0sUse 'docker scan' to run Snyk tests against images to find vulnerabilities and learn how to fix them# 查看新创建镜像➜ file docker images|grep mycentos mycentos 02 231feafd3348 5 months ago 209MB➜ file # 启动容器➜ file docker run -d -it --name mycentos02 mycentos:020ff56e3d5516174f39c9eb63bbced886d8470d963ef6dcf77ce67082226860b9#查看容器列表➜ file docker ps|grep mycentos0ff56e3d5516 mycentos:02 "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 37 seconds ago Up 36 seconds mycentos02# inspect 查看容器数据卷挂载状况➜ file docker inspect 0ff56e3d5516"Mounts": [ { "Type": "volume", "Name": "15a00b422c3ad4f7eac181566b51fc10d40e546b06a8d57100375aa58a0cc2b1", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/15a00b422c3ad4f7eac181566b51fc10d40e546b06a8d57100375aa58a0cc2b1/_data", "Destination": "volume02", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" }, { "Type": "volume", "Name": "9e520b5a5872379b57c8ade61125cedfd6f0e180712ade07d25d2d8808ce5a0a", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/9e520b5a5872379b57c8ade61125cedfd6f0e180712ade07d25d2d8808ce5a0a/_data", "Destination": "volume01", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" } ],......# 能够查看到volume01 volume02挂载胜利测试不加 -f 生成镜像
论断：在我的项目中Dockerfile文件的名字请应用“Dockerfile”，这是行业标准eg:composer.json go.mod等➜ file lsDockerfile1➜ file mv Dockerfile1 Dockerfile ➜ file docker build -t mycentos1:03 .[+] Building 0.1s (5/5) FINISHED => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s => => transferring dockerfile: 122B 0.0s => [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s => => transferring context: 2B 0.0s => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:latest 0.0s => CACHED [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/centos 0.0s => exporting to image 0.0s => => exporting layers 0.0s => => writing image sha256:231feafd3348cc7cb6a2eeed8b19effe7b15fd2a723a287669e6d06e35aa6261 0.0s => => naming to docker.io/library/mycentos1:03 0.0sUse 'docker scan' to run Snyk tests against images to find vulnerabilities and learn how to fix them➜ file docker images|grep mycentos1mycentos1 03 231feafd3348 5 months ago 209MB➜ file容器数据卷能够实现的性能1
两个容器间数据同步，备份
举例：两个MySQL同步数据库数据- --volumes-from 两个容器数据同步命令
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# 启动3个容器# docker01➜ ~ docker run -d -it --name docker01 centos:latest1a3e373b0d690d7f2c41577384e3a929d8c2067401d26eda2646e1547927952e➜ ~ docker ps|grep docker01a3e373b0d69 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 55 seconds ago Up 54 seconds docker01# docker02 docker01的数据会同步到docker02➜ ~ docker run -d -it --name docker02 --volumes-from docker01 centos:latest297b7cbf22910888056b991abbb8e7ef141ed92b58ff60171025f7cb39cc27f1#docker03 docker01的数据会同步到docker03➜ ~ docker run -d -it --name docker03 --volumes-from docker01 centos:latest9c5366c63559aac7a78aa9eec0bd7933de4de475652780d9e6e1cd94a113838c#docker01 02 03会应用独特的数据卷➜ ~ docker ps|grep docker0 9c5366c63559 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 57 seconds ago Up 56 seconds docker03297b7cbf2291 centos:latest "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute docker021a3e373b0d69 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes docker01# 删除docker01对数据有什么影响吗？# 删除docker01对02 03没有影响，数据仍旧在，备份机制- MySQL数据同步例子
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# mysql01➜ ~ docker run -d -p 3301:3306 -v /etc/mysql/conf.d -v /var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.72e20d35d29b85d7474d7e6c873db800022dcbf1f0a5f2a2402309691f354672a➜ ~ docker ps|grep mysql01 2e20d35d29b8 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 13 seconds ago Up 11 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3301->3306/tcp, :::3301->3306/tcp mysql01# mysql02 ➜ ~ docker run -d -p 3302:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql02 --volumes-from mysql01 mysql:5.7b6804fef3d73dd9648e35a18345d2dc654f6bf607f3aea1d274fe6d9edd720ba➜ ~ docker ps|grep mysql02 b6804fef3d73 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 7 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3302->3306/tcp, :::3302->3306/tcp mysql02➜ ~- 容器之间配置信息传递，数据卷容器生命周期始终继续到没有容器应用为止。然而一旦长久化到了宿主机，那么永远不会删除。