docker长处
- 更疾速交付部署
- 更便捷的降级和扩容缩容
- 更简略的零碎运维
更高效的计算资源利用
docker组成
- client客户端
- 镜像生成容器 镜像好比一个模板
- 容器container docker利用容器技术，独立运行一组利用，通过镜像创立
- 仓库repository 仓库是寄存镜像的，分共有仓库和公有仓库
linux docker
- uname -r 零碎内核信息
- docker version 查看docker版本信息
- docker info 查看docker零碎信息
- docker 命令 --hele 帮忙信息。 eg:docker run --help
- docker images 查看本机所有镜像列表
- -a 列出所以
- -f 格式化
- -q 只显示镜像id
- docker search 搜寻镜像
- --filter 过滤条件，应用形式看上面code
code
➜ ~ docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDmysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10917 [OK]docker pull 下载镜像。
- eg： docker pulll mysql[:TAG] TAG示意版本号，可选默认latest
# 因为本地曾经装置，返回如下信息➜ ~ docker pull mysql:5.75.7: Pulling from library/mysqlDigest: sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21faStatus: Image is up to date for mysql:5.7docker.io/library/mysql:5.7docker rmi 删除镜像。eg docker rmi 镜像ID或者名称
- -f 强制删除
# 一般删除，有运行中的MySQL5.7容器会报错不让删除➜ ~ docker rmi mysql:5.7# 强制删除<少用>➜ ~ docker rmi -f mysql:5.7#删除所有镜像<少用>➜ ~ docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)docker run 应用镜像生成容器
- --name 指定容器名字
- -d 后盾运行
- -it 应用交互方式运行
- -p 执行端口
- -P 随机指定端口
- docker run -p 特地阐明
- -p 容器端口（不对外拜访）
- -p 宿主机端口:容器端口（罕用，对外拜访）
- -p ip:宿主机端口:容器端口
- code 请手敲实例
# 启动并进入容器➜ ~ docker run -it centos /bin/bash# 退出容器[root@c540d3ba3402 /]# exitexit# 此时无运行中的容器，起因在于没加-d➜ ~ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES➜ ~ docker run 过程
docker ps 查看以后正在运行的容器
- -a 查看全副容器包含已经运行的
- -n=? 显示最近几个创立的容器
-q 只显示容器的ID
docker rm 容器ID，不能够删除运行中的容器加-f可强制删除
- -f 强制删除
# 强制删除所有容器docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa)exit 退出容器。command+q+p在win行在Mac不行,mac中command+q是退出的意思
容器启动和进行
- docker start 容器id
- docker stop 容器id
- docker restart 容器id
- docker kill 容器id 强制删除
docker logs 容器id 查看日志
- docker logs
- -ft 格局和工夫戳
- --tail 指定显示行数
- code
# 此处是容器内日志记录➜ ~ docker logs -f -t --tail=100 ec541aeb71882021-05-27T03:33:47.291293040Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration2021-05-27T03:33:47.291339292Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/2021-05-27T03:33:47.292302613Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh2021-05-27T03:33:47.295570523Z 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf is not a file or does not exist2021-05-27T03:33:47.297453674Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh2021-05-27T03:33:47.305607832Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh2021-05-27T03:33:47.308121066Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up2021-05-27T03:33:47.313641771Z 2021/05/27 03:33:47 [emerg] 1#1: open() "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" failed (2: No such file or directory)2021-05-27T03:33:47.313673756Z nginx: [emerg] open() "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" failed (2: No such file or directory)查看容器内过程信息
docker top 容器id
➜ ~ docker top 38497d83ef06UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMDroot 2020 1994 0 03:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;uuidd 2073 2020 0 03:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process查看容器整体的信息
docker inspect 容器id
➜ ~ docker inspect 38497d83ef06[ { "Id": "38497d83ef06bac45fcdee58c7031173d96b5de0bb3b55a7c35b02e12b3b58f2", "Created": "2021-05-26T09:23:46.580435747Z", "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh", "Args": [ "nginx", "-g", "daemon off;" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 2020, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2021-05-27T03:56:59.828700511Z", "FinishedAt": "2021-05-26T09:57:15.10854176Z" },........进入以后正在运行的容器
- docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
docekr attach 容器id
# exec进入➜ ~ docker exec -it 38497d83ef06 /bin/bashroot@38497d83ef06:/## attach进入 。Mac下执行该命令有问题➜ ~ docker attach 38497d83ef06区别：exec调用新终端，attach进入正在执行的终端
从容器内copy文件到宿主机上
- docker cp 容器id:容器内门路 宿主机目标门路
在docker容器进行也不影响复制
# 复制文件➜ ~ docker cp 38497d83ef06:/etc/nginx /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/nginx/conf➜ ~练习1 装置NGINX
# 搜寻NGINX➜ ~ docker search nginxNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDnginx Official build of Nginx. 14925 [OK] jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 2031 [OK].......# 下载NGINX镜像➜ ~ docker pull nginxUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/nginx69692152171a: Already exists 30afc0b18f67: Pull complete 596b1d696923: Pull complete febe5bd23e98: Pull complete 8283eee92e2f: Waiting .........# 查看镜像➜ ~ docker images | grep nginxnginx latest f0b8a9a54136 2 weeks ago 133MB# 启动容器➜ ~ docker run -it -d --name nginx08 -p 8080:80 nginx:latest77953516c7f1930f4b6660cc487009a2fdba11767937797c2db2c1b4686b7e35# 查看一下➜ ~ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES77953516c7f1 nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp nginx08# 查看启动是否胜利，也能够应用浏览器查看➜ ~ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Welcome to nginx!</title><style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }</style>.......# 进入容器➜ ~ docker exec -it 77953516c7f1 /bin/bashroot@77953516c7f1:/# exit配置文件和我的项目目录须要怎么解决？（-v volume）
练习2 Tomcat配置
➜ ~ docker search tomcatNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDtomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 3036 [OK].......# 下载Tomcat镜像➜ ~ docker pull tomcatUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/tomcatDigest: sha256:10842dab06b5e52233ad977d4689522d4fbaa9c21e6df387d7a530e02316fb45Status: Image is up to date for tomcat:latestdocker.io/library/tomcat:latest# 查看本地的tomcat镜像➜ ~ docker images |grep tomcattomcat 9.0 c43a65faae57 13 days ago 667MBtomcat latest c43a65faae57 13 days ago 667MB# 启动容器➜ ~ docker run -d -p 8081:8080 --name tomcat05 tomcat:latested03ac03c1617ed79b9a2ea491535529659416551a24e3a665f0119a7f137af0# 拜访测试 报错404，因为webapps中文件夹空，须要复制一下➜ ~ curl http://127.0.0.1:8081<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</title><style type="text/css">body......#查看容器列表➜ ~ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESed03ac03c161 tomcat:latest "catalina.sh run" 50 seconds ago Up 48 seconds 0.0.0.0:8081->8080/tcp, :::8081->8080/tcp tomcat05# 进入容器并进行赋值文件➜ ~ docker exec -it ed03ac03c161 /bin/bash root@ed03ac03c161:/usr/local/tomcat# lsBUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE README.md RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt bin conf lib logs native-jni-lib temp webapps webapps.dist workroot@ed03ac03c161:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webappsroot@ed03ac03c161:/usr/local/tomcat# exitexit# 再次拜访地址，返回失常200。也能够➜ ~ curl http://127.0.0.1:8081 <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>Apache Tomcat/9.0.46</title> <link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" /> <link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head>........同样文件目录和配置文件须要进入容器批改比拟麻烦，前面学习volume就能够解决
练习3 docker可视化
- 练习一下，不举荐应用
- portainer
此处的例子我间接run，docker会主动下载镜像并启动
# 启动portainer➜ ~ docker run -d -p 8082:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainerUnable to find image 'portainer/portainer:latest' locallylatest: Pulling from portainer/portainer94cfa856b2b1: Downloading 49d59ee0881a: Waiting a2300fd28637: Waiting latest: Pulling from portainer/portainer94cfa856b2b1: Pull complete 49d59ee0881a: Pull complete a2300fd28637: Pull complete Digest: sha256:fb45b43738646048a0a0cc74fcee2865b69efde857e710126084ee5de9be0f3fStatus: Downloaded newer image for portainer/portainer:latesta5b72d5c2714e44b81143d71a6ba3c4becc1e0d4dc422ecac4c6088a87e813f4浏览器中拜访 http://127.0.0.1:8082 进行登录注册即可，抉择local docker进行治理如何失去镜像
- 从远端hub下载，docker pull
- 从敌人处copy
本人制作一个镜像image。 commit或者dockerfile形式
UnionFS（联结文件系统）
docker文件是分layer的，一层一层的。
bootfs （boot file system）疏导加载的，加载实现会删除
rootfs（root file system）指的是各种操作系统，乌班图，centos等docker镜像只读
docker镜像只读，当容器启动时，一个新的能够容器层被加载到镜像层顶部。如图
| 容器层 | |
|---|---|
| 镜像层 |
commit镜像
- docker commit 提交容器成为一个正本（镜像）
docker commit -m="提交形容" -a="作者信息" 容器id 镜像名称:[TAG]
TAG为版本号可选 - 站在岸上学不会游泳，请手敲例子
- code
# 启动Tomcat➜ ~ docker run -it -d -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat04 tomcat:9.0#获取运行中容器列表➜ ~ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESd5e936f9fe5d tomcat:9.0 "catalina.sh run" 2 minutes ago Up 10 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp tomcat04#此时拜访➜ ~ curl http:127.0.0.1:8080 返回404#进入容器➜ ~ docker exec -it d5e936f9fe5d /bin/bash#进行文件复制webapps.dist to webapps➜ ~ cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps#再次拜访➜ ~ curl http:127.0.0.1:8080 返回OK#commit生成镜像➜ ~ docker commit -a="smallForest" -m="add webapps files" d5e936f9fe5d tomcat04:1.0#查看所有镜像列表➜ ~ docker images |grep tomcattomcat04 1.0 6961daa4ae47 12 seconds ago 672MBtomcat 9.0 c43a65faae57 12 days ago 667MBtomcat latest c43a65faae57 12 days ago 667MB