一：目标
在制作游戏过程中，UI界面都是必不可少的，多则上百个少则几个，如果这些UI界面都放在场景里（如下图所示），那么运行的时候会占用大量的内存
个别都是将每一个UI界面制作成一个Prefab动静的进行显示暗藏，加载卸载
所以咱们须要一个管理器对立治理UI的相干操作
二：解决的问题及长处
——不须要创立UI画布和UI相机，动态创建并设置属性
——治理每一个UI界面的层级
——关上和敞开UI界面
——查找某一个UI界面
三：应用办法
——将所有UI制作成预制体对立放在Resources—Prefabs—UI文件夹下
——所有的UI预制体都须要与挂载在身上的脚本名雷同
——所有的UI预制体身上的脚本都须要继承UIBase基类
——应用UIMgr.Ins.XXX
UIMgr.Ins.OpenUI<UI_Main>();UIMgr.Ins.CloseUI<UI_Main>();UIMgr.Ins.TopUI;——依据不同我的项目需要设置UI画布的缩放：UIMgr.Ins.SetCanvasScaler()
四：代码实现
using UnityEngine;using UnityEngine.UI;using System.Collections.Generic;using UnityEngine.EventSystems; /// <summary>/// UI基类/// </summary>public class UIBase : MonoBehaviour{ /// <summary> /// 关上UI时 /// </summary> public virtual void OnView() { transform.SetAsLastSibling(); gameObject.SetActive(true); } /// <summary> /// 敞开UI时 /// </summary> public virtual void OnDisView() { gameObject.SetActive(false); }} /// <summary>/// UI管理器/// </summary>public class UIMgr : Singleton<UIMgr>{ public const string UIDir = "Prefabs/UI/";//UI目录 //渲染UI的画布 private Canvas uiCanvas; public Canvas UICanvas { get { return uiCanvas; } } //渲染UI的相机 private Camera uiCamera; public Camera UICamera { get { return uiCamera; } } //显示在最顶部的UI private UIBase topUI; public UIBase TopUI { get { return topUI; } } private Dictionary<string, UIBase> uiDict = new Dictionary<string, UIBase>();//场景中的UI protected override void Init() { base.Init(); if (uiCamera == null) { uiCamera = CreateUICamera(); } if (uiCanvas == null) { uiCanvas = CreateUICanvas(); } //设置Canvas缩放 SetCanvasScaler(new Vector2(750, 1334), false); } /// <summary> /// 关上UI /// </summary> public T OpenUI<T>(string uiRoot = "") where T : UIBase { string uiName = typeof(T).Name; if (!uiDict.ContainsKey(uiName)) { CreateUI(uiName, uiRoot); } UIBase ui = uiDict[uiName]; ui.OnView(); FindTopUI(); return ui as T; } /// <summary> /// 敞开UI /// </summary> public void CloseUI(string uiName, bool destroy = false) { if (!uiDict.ContainsKey(uiName)) { Debug.LogError("场景中没有此UI：" + uiName); return; } if (destroy) { GameObject.Destroy(uiDict[uiName].gameObject); uiDict.Remove(uiName); } else { uiDict[uiName].OnDisView(); } FindTopUI(); } /// <summary> /// 敞开UI /// </summary> public void CloseUI<T>(bool destroy = false) { string uiName = typeof(T).Name; if (!uiDict.ContainsKey(uiName)) { Debug.LogError("场景中没有此UI：" + uiName); return; } if (destroy) { GameObject.Destroy(uiDict[uiName].gameObject); uiDict.Remove(uiName); } else { uiDict[uiName].OnDisView(); } FindTopUI(); } /// <summary> /// 查找UI /// </summary> public T FindUI<T>() where T : UIBase { string uiName = typeof(T).Name; if (!uiDict.ContainsKey(uiName)) { Debug.LogError("场景中没有此UI：" + uiName); return default; } return uiDict[uiName] as T; } /// <summary> /// 查找最顶部的UI /// </summary> private void FindTopUI() { for (int i = uiCanvas.transform.childCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (uiCanvas.transform.GetChild(i).GetComponent<UIBase>() != null && uiCanvas.transform.GetChild(i).gameObject.activeSelf) { topUI = uiCanvas.transform.GetChild(i).GetComponent<UIBase>(); break; } } } /// <summary> /// 设置Canvas缩放 /// </summary> /// <param name="referResolution">参考的分辨率</param> /// <param name="isLandscape">是否为横屏</param> public void SetCanvasScaler(Vector2 referResolution, bool isLandscape) { CanvasScaler canvasScaler = uiCanvas.GetComponent<CanvasScaler>(); canvasScaler.uiScaleMode = CanvasScaler.ScaleMode.ScaleWithScreenSize; canvasScaler.matchWidthOrHeight = isLandscape ? 1 : 0; canvasScaler.referenceResolution = referResolution; } /// <summary> /// 创立UI /// </summary> private void CreateUI(string uiName, string uiRoot) { string path = UIDir + uiName; GameObject uiPrefab = Resources.Load<GameObject>(path); if (uiPrefab == null) { Debug.LogError("UI不存在：" + path); return; } UIBase uiBase = GameObject.Instantiate(uiPrefab, uiRoot == "" ? uiCanvas.transform : GameObject.Find(uiRoot).transform).GetComponent<UIBase>(); uiBase.gameObject.name = uiName; uiDict.Add(uiName, uiBase); } /// <summary> /// 创立UI画布 /// </summary> private Canvas CreateUICanvas() { GameObject uiCanvas = new GameObject("UICanvas"); uiCanvas.layer = 5; Canvas canvas = uiCanvas.AddComponent<Canvas>(); canvas.renderMode = RenderMode.ScreenSpaceCamera; canvas.worldCamera = uiCamera; uiCanvas.AddComponent<CanvasScaler>(); uiCanvas.AddComponent<GraphicRaycaster>(); GameObject eventSystem = new GameObject("EventSystem"); eventSystem.AddComponent<EventSystem>(); eventSystem.AddComponent<StandaloneInputModule>(); eventSystem.transform.SetParent(uiCanvas.transform); GameObject.DontDestroyOnLoad(uiCanvas); return uiCanvas.GetComponent<Canvas>(); } /// <summary> /// 创立UI相机 /// </summary> private Camera CreateUICamera() { GameObject uiCamera = new GameObject("UICamera"); Camera camera = uiCamera.AddComponent<Camera>(); camera.clearFlags = CameraClearFlags.Depth; camera.cullingMask = 1 << 5; camera.orthographic = true; camera.depth = 0; GameObject.DontDestroyOnLoad(uiCamera); return camera; }}图片起源：游戏加盟