关于python:Python常用模块集锦

Python罕用模块集锦

罕用模块次要分为以下几类（缺失的后续再补充）：

• 工夫转换
• 工夫计算
• 序列化和反序列化：json，pickle
• 编解码：unicode，base64
• 加解密：md5，sha1，hmac_sha1，aes

• 常见装璜器：

  • 计算执行工夫装璜器
  • 缓存装璜器
  • 谬误重试装璜器
  • 提早装璜器
  • 尾递归优化装璜器
• ini配置文件读取

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代码整合如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on 9/21/17 1:46 PM@author: Chen Liang@function: python罕用模块集锦，util.py"""import timeimport datetimeimport ConfigParserimport astimport sysimport jsonimport pickleimport base64import hashlibfrom Crypto.Cipher import AESfrom binascii import b2a_hex, a2b_hexfrom functools import wrapsBEFORE = 1LATER = 2class CommonUtil(object):    """Python通用单元：不好归类但罕用的办法此处增加"""    passclass TimeTransferUtil(object):    """工夫相干的常见转换方法"""    class TimeUtil(object):    """工夫相干的常见计算方法"""    @staticmethod    def str_to_date():        passclass SerializeUtil(object):    """序列化和反序列化：json, pickle"""    @staticmethod    def json_loads(json_str, encoding=None):        try:            obj = json.loads(s=json_str, encoding=encoding)            return True, obj        except ValueError as e:            return False, str(e)        except Exception as e:            return False, str(e)    @staticmethod    def json_dumps(obj):        try:            json_str = json.dumps(obj=obj)            return True, json_str        except TypeError as e:            return False, str(e)        except Exception as e:            return False, str(e)    @staticmethod    def pickle_loads(pickle_str):        try:            obj = pickle.loads(pickle_str)            return True, obj        except IndexError as e:            return False, str(e)        except Exception as e:            return False, str(e)    @staticmethod    def pickle_dumps(obj):        try:            pickle_str = pickle.dumps(obj)            return True, pickle_str        except Exception as e:            return False, str(e)class CodecUtil(object):    """编解码相干常见办法：base64 unicode"""    @staticmethod    def base64_encode(data):        try:            return True, base64.b64encode(data)        except TypeError as e:            return False, str(e)        except Exception as e:            return False, str(e)    @staticmethod    def base64_decode(encoded_data):        try:            return True, base64.b64decode(encoded_data)        except TypeError as e:            return False, str(e)        except Exception as e:            return False, str(e)    @staticmethod    def to_unicode(s, encoding='utf-8'):        return s if isinstance(s, unicode) else unicode(s, encoding)    @staticmethod    def unicode_to(unicode_s, encoding='utf-8'):        return unicode_s.encode(encoding)class CryptoUtil(object):    """加解密相干常见办法： md5 aes"""    @staticmethod    def md5(str_object):        """md5"""        m = hashlib.md5()        m.update(str_object)        return m.hexdigest()    @staticmethod    def aes_encrypt(s, key, salt, mode=AES.MODE_CBC):        """        aes加密        :param s: 待加密字符串        :param key: 密钥        :param salt: 盐, 16bit eg. b'0000000101000000'        :param mode: AES模式        :return: 加密后的字符串        """        cipher = AES.new(hashlib.md5(key).hexdigest(), mode, salt)        n_text = s + ('\0' * (16 - (len(s) % 16)))        return b2a_hex(cipher.encrypt(n_text))    @staticmethod    def aes_decrypt(s, key, salt, mode=AES.MODE_CBC):        """        aes解密        :param s: 待解密字符串        :param key: 密钥        :param salt: 盐, 16bit eg. b'0000000101000000'        :param mode: AES模式        :return: 解密后的字符串        """        cipher = AES.new(hashlib.md5(key).hexdigest(), mode, salt)        return cipher.decrypt(a2b_hex(s)).rstrip('\0')class TailRecurseException:    """尾递归异样"""    def __init__(self, args, kwargs):        self.args = args        self.kwargs = kwargsclass DecoratorUtil(object):    """常见装璜器： 执行工夫timeit，缓存cache，谬误重试retry"""    __cache_dict = {}    @staticmethod    def timeit(fn):        """计算执行工夫"""        @wraps(fn)        def wrap(*args, **kwargs):            start = time.time()            ret = fn(*args, **kwargs)            end = time.time()            print "@timeit: {0} tasks, {1} secs".format(fn.__name__, str(end - start))            return ret        return wrap    @staticmethod    def __is_expired(entry, duration):        """是否过期"""        if duration == -1:            return False        return time.time() - entry['time'] > duration    @staticmethod    def __compute_key(fn, args, kw):        """序列化并求其哈希值"""        key = pickle.dumps((fn.__name__, args, kw))        return hashlib.sha1(key).hexdigest()    @classmethod    def cache(cls, expired_time=-1):        """        缓存        :param expired_time: 过期工夫，-1 示意不过期        :return: 返回缓存的后果或者计算的后果        """        def _cache(fn):            @wraps(fn)            def wrap(*args, **kwargs):                key = cls.__compute_key(fn, args, kwargs)                if key in cls.__cache_dict:                    if cls.__is_expired(cls.__cache_dict[key], expired_time) is False:                        return cls.__cache_dict[key]['value']                ret = fn(*args, **kwargs)                cls.__cache_dict[key] = {                    'value': ret,                    'time': time.time()                }                return ret            return wrap        return _cache    @staticmethod    def retry(exceptions, retry_times=3, time_pause=3, time_offset=1):        """        谬误重试        :param exceptions: 单个异样比方ValueError, 或者tuple,元组元素是异样，比方(ValueError, TypeError)        :param retry_times: 重试次数        :param time_pause: 初始暂停工夫        :param time_offset: 暂停工夫的偏移倍数，默认不偏移        :return: 返回胜利的值，或者重拾次数完结时抛出异样        """        def _retry(fn):            @wraps(fn)            def wrap(*args, **kwargs):                retry_times_tmp, time_pause_tmp = retry_times, time_pause                while retry_times_tmp > 1:                    try:                        return fn(*args, **kwargs)                    except exceptions:                        time.sleep(time_pause_tmp)                        retry_times_tmp -= 1                        time_pause_tmp *= time_offset                return fn(*args, **kwargs)            return wrap        return _retry    @staticmethod    def delay(delay_time=3, mode=BEFORE):        """        提早装璜器，反对在函数执行之前和之后加延时，如果想在前后同时加，能够应用两次装璜。        time.sleep只会阻塞以后线程不会阻塞整个过程，其它线程不受影响        :param delay_time: 延迟时间，是float类型        :param mode: 模式，指定是在函数执行之前加延时还是在执行之后加，值为BEFORE(1)或者LATER(2)        :return:        """        def _delay(fn):            @wraps(fn)            def wrap(*args, **kwargs):                if mode == BEFORE:                    time.sleep(delay_time)                ret = fn(*args, **kwargs)                if mode == LATER:                    time.sleep(delay_time)                return ret            return wrap        return _delay    @staticmethod    def tail_call_optimized(fn):        """尾递归优化装璜器，如果被装璜函数不是尾递归函数则会报错"""        @wraps(fn)        def wrap(*args, **kwargs):            f = sys._getframe()            if f.f_back and f.f_back.f_back and f.f_back.f_back.f_code == f.f_code:                raise TailRecurseException(args, kwargs)            else:                while True:                    try:                        return fn(*args, **kwargs)                    except TailRecurseException as e:                        args = e.args                        kwargs = e.kwargs        return wrapclass IniConfigParserUtil(object):    """ini配置文件读取"""    def __init__(self, *file_names):        """        init        :param file_names: 蕴含多个元素的可迭代对象        """        self.config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()        for file_name in file_names:            try:                self.config.readfp(open(file_name, 'rb'))                break            except IOError:                continue        else:            sys.exit('All files have failed to read')    def get_string(self, section, option):        return self.config.get(section, option)    def get_int(self, section, option):        return self.config.getint(section, option)    def get_float(self, section, option):        return self.config.getfloat(section, option)    def get_boolean(self, section, option):        return self.config.getboolean(section, option)    def get_list(self, section, option):        return ast.literal_eval(self.config.get(section, option))    def get_dict(self, section, option):        return ast.literal_eval(self.config.get(section, option))

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