Android6.0动静权限适配
Android6.0开始，权限分为一般权限和危险权限，危险权限：会授予利用拜访用户的秘密数据的权限。如果你的利用在其清单文件中列出了危险权限，用户批准你的利用试验这些权限。
通过adb 命令
F:\sodaoProject\automate>adb shellcepheus:/ $ pm list permissions -g -dDangerous Permissions:// 波及读写联系人，拜访账户group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS// 波及电话操作group:android.permission-group.PHONE permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.USE_SIP permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL// 波及日历信息的操作（用户日程安排）group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR// 波及相机操作group:android.permission-group.CAMERA permission:android.permission.CAMERA// 波及应用手机传感器操作group:android.permission-group.SENSORS permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS// 波及用户地理位置信息的操作group:android.permission-group.LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION// 波及存储卡的读写操作group:android.permission-group.STORAGE permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE// 波及多媒体信息的操作group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO// 波及SMS卡的操作group:android.permission-group.SMS permission:android.permission.READ_SMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTSungrouped: permission:com.xiaomi.xmsf.permission.PAYMENT // 小米 下载而不显示告诉 permission:miui.permission.ACCESS_BLE_SETTINGS // 小米 波及到用户设置的操作一：权限申请波及到几个办法
1.查看权限
ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(Context context, String permission) 例子：检测联系人权限(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)返回值（package android.content.pm的PackageManager中的常量）
1. 有权限: PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED 值：0已受权 2. 无权限: PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED 值：-1未受权2.解释权限
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Activity activity, String permission)例子：ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)~~~~(1)判断是否有必要向用户解释为什么要这项权限，如果第一次申请此权限，但用户回绝了，则之后调用该办法将返回true,此时有必要向用户具体阐明须要此权限的起因
(2)如果利用第一次回绝了申请此权限、第二次再申请此权限时，用户勾选了权限申请对话框“不在询问”，则此办法返回false.如果设施标准禁止利用领有该权限，此办法返回也是false
3.申请权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(Activity activity, String[] permissions, int requestCode)例子：ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);(1):权限参数传入的是数组，能够调用该办法一次申请多个权限；
(2):传入的权限数组参数以单个具体权限为单位，但弹框询问用户受权时，属于同一权限组的权限将主动合并询问受权一次；
(3):申请的权限必须当时在 AndroidManifest.xml 中有申明，否则调用此办法申请时，将不弹框，而是间接返回“回绝”的后果；
(4):第一次申请权限时，用户点击了“回绝”，第二次再申请该权限时，对话框将呈现“不再询问”复选框，如果用户勾选了“不再询问”并点击了“回绝”，则之后再申请此权限组时将不弹框，而是间接返回“回绝”的后果。
4.解决申请后果
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults){//重写申请后果}例子：@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { //重写onRequestPermissionsResult办法依据用户的不同抉择做出响应 switch (requestCode){ case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: if (grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult granted"); }else { Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult denied"); showWaringDialog();//提醒设置开启权限弹窗 } break; }实现代码：
private void requestPermission() { Log.d(TAG,"requestPermission"); //读取联系人的权限<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" /> //判断权限是否受权 if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ Log.d(TAG,"未受权"); //解释为什么须要受权该权限 if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)){ Log.d(TAG,"解释"); //申请受权此权限 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS); }else { Log.d(TAG,"没有解释"); //申请受权此权限 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS); } }else { Log.d(TAG,"曾经受权"); }}@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { //重写onRequestPermissionsResult办法依据用户的不同抉择做出响应 switch (requestCode){ case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: if (grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult granted"); }else { Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult denied"); showWaringDialog(); } break; }}private void showWaringDialog() { AlertDialog dialog=new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("提醒!") .setMessage("请返回设置->利用->TestW->权限中关上相干权限，否则性能无奈失常运行!") .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { //个别状况下，如果用户不受权的话，性能是无奈运行的，做出退出解决 finish(); } }) .show();}编写一个权限申请工具类
public class PermissionUtils { private static final String TAG=PermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName(); //九大危险权限dangerous //照相机 public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA= Manifest.permission.CAMERA; //读写文件 public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE=Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE; public static final String PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE=Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE; //地理位置 public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION=Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION; public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION=Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION; //电话 public static final String PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE=Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE; public static final String PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE=Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE; //拜访账户，读写联系人 public static final String PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS=Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS; //多媒体 public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO=Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO; //权限汇合 private static final String[] requestPermissions={ PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO, PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS, PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE, PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE, PERMISSION_CAMERA, PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }; public static final int CODE_RECORD_AUDIO = 0; public static final int CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1; public static final int CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE = 2; public static final int CODE_CALL_PHONE = 3; public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 4; public static final int CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 5; public static final int CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = 6; public static final int CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 7; public static final int CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 8; public static final int CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION = 100; interface PermissionGrant { void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode); } //申请权限 public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity,final int requestCode,PermissionGrant permissionGrant){ if (activity==null){ return; } Log.d(TAG,"requestPermission requestCode:" + requestCode); if (requestCode<0||requestCode>=requestPermissions.length){ Log.w(TAG, "requestPermission illegal requestCode:" + requestCode); return; } final String requestPermission=requestPermissions[requestCode]; int checkSelfPermission; try { checkSelfPermission= ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity,requestPermission); }catch (RuntimeException e){ Toast.makeText(activity, "please open this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show(); Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage()); return; } if (checkSelfPermission!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ Log.i(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED"); if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,requestPermission)){ Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale"); shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission); }else { Log.d(TAG, "requestCameraPermission else"); ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,new String[]{requestPermission},requestCode); } }else { Log.d(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission ==== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED"); Toast.makeText(activity, "opened:" + requestPermissions[requestCode], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode); } } private static void shouldShowRationale(Activity activity, int requestCode, String requestPermission) { String[] permissionsHint=activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions); showMessageOkCancel(activity, "Rationale:" + permissionsHint[requestCode], new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{requestPermission}, requestCode); Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions:" + requestPermission); } }); } private static void showMessageOkCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) { new AlertDialog.Builder(context) .setMessage(message) .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener) .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null) .create() .show(); } public static void requestPermissionsResult(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant){ if (activity==null){ return; } Log.d(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode); if (requestCode<0||requestCode>=requestPermissions.length){ Log.w(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult illegal requestCode:" + requestCode); Toast.makeText(activity, "illegal requestCode:" + requestCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode + ",permissions:" + permissions.toString() + ",grantResults:" + grantResults.toString() + ",length:" + grantResults.length); if (grantResults.length==1&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode); }else { String[] permissionsHint =activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions); openSettingActivity(activity, "Result" + permissionsHint[requestCode]); } } //开启设置界面 private static void openSettingActivity(Activity activity, String message) { showMessageOkCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS); Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName(): " + activity.getPackageName()); Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null); intent.setData(uri); activity.startActivity(intent); } }); }}在ThirdActivity的Activity中
public class ThirdActivity extends AppCompatActivity{ private static final String TAG = ThirdActivity.class.getSimpleName(); @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_third); } public void showCamera(View view) { Log.i(TAG, "Show camera button pressed. Checking permission."); PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA, mPermissionGrant); } public void getAccounts(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS, mPermissionGrant); } public void callPhone(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE, mPermissionGrant); } public void readPhoneState(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE, mPermissionGrant); } public void accessFineLocation(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant); } public void accessCoarseLocation(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant); } public void readExternalStorage(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant); } public void writeExternalStorage(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant); } public void recordAudio(View view) { PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO, mPermissionGrant); } private PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant mPermissionGrant=new PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant() { @Override public void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode) { switch (requestCode) { case PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO: Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_RECORD_AUDIO", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS: Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE: Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE: Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CALL_PHONE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA: Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CAMERA", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION: Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION: Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; default: break; } } }; @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { PermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults, mPermissionGrant); }}布局文件activity_third中
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/content_fragment" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="0dp" android:layout_weight="1"/> <ScrollView android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="0dp" android:layout_weight="1"> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Camera" android:id="@+id/button_camera" android:onClick="showCamera"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="RECORD_AUDIO" android:onClick="recordAudio"/> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="GET_ACCOUNTS" android:onClick="getAccounts"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="CALL_PHONE" android:onClick="callPhone"/> </LinearLayout> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE" android:onClick="readPhoneState"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" android:onClick="accessFineLocation"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" android:onClick="accessCoarseLocation"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" android:onClick="readExternalStorage"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" android:onClick="writeExternalStorage"/> </LinearLayout> </ScrollView></LinearLayout>清单文件的申请权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>资源文件在res下values下创立一个array.xml文件
<resources> <string-array name="permissions"> <item>@string/permission_recode_audio_hint</item> <item>@string/permission_get_accounts_hint</item> <item>@string/permission_read_phone_hint</item> <item>@string/permission_call_phone_hint</item> <item>@string/permission_camera_hint</item> <item>@string/permission_access_fine_location_hint</item> <item>@string/permission_access_coarse_location_hint</item> <item>@string/permission_read_external_hint</item> <item>@string/permission_white_external_hint</item> </string-array></resources>在res下values下的strings.xml文件创建
<resources> <string name="my_accessibility_description">十分建议您开启无障碍服务，开启后能够帮助您实现一些简略的操作，晋升您的操作体验。</string> <string name="permission_get_accounts_hint">没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS</string> <string name="permission_read_phone_hint">没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE</string> <string name="permission_call_phone_hint">没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE</string> <string name="permission_camera_hint">没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_CAMERA</string> <string name="permission_access_fine_location_hint">没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION</string> <string name="permission_access_coarse_location_hint">没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION</string> <string name="permission_read_external_hint">没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE</string> <string name="permission_white_external_hint">没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE</string> <string name="permission_recode_audio_hint">没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO</string></resources>小米零碎在Android原生的动静权限申请的根底上，还有本人的用户受权模块
能够看到小米的受权模块中，对权限操作分为容许，询问，回绝。
1.当咱们第一次关上利用的时候，默认是询问状态，在该状态下，咱们调用requestPermission()办法会弹出零碎询问框.
2.在弹出零碎受权框后，只有你操作了（回绝或者容许）,你永远也不要想着在当前能看到受权框了，除非你过去设置这边更改为“询问”模式。
3.不然无论你再调用几次requestPermissions（），都是间接走回调OnRequestPermissionResult。
Android7.0调用相机拍照保留照片，就是对手机存储中公有文件门路的爱护
1.在Android7.0之前中调用相机实现拍照保留照片
/** * 调用零碎相机实现拍照*/public void request(View view){ if (!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){ Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this,"SD卡异样",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); return; } long dateTaken=System.currentTimeMillis(); //图像名称 CharSequence fileName= DateFormat.format("yyyy-MM-dd kk.mm.ss",dateTaken); //图像门路 String path=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString()+ File.separator+"forpermission"+File.separator+fileName+".jpg"; File imageFile=new File(path); if (!imageFile.getParentFile().exists()){ imageFile.getParentFile().mkdirs(); } if (!imageFile.exists()){ try { imageFile.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //依据文件解析出文件对应的Uri Uri uri=Uri.fromFile(imageFile); Intent intent=new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uri); //依据文件解析出文件对应的uri //判断是否有Activity能解决intent if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager())!=null){ startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO); }}2.返回后果
@Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (resultCode==RESULT_OK){ if (requestCode==REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO){ Toast.makeText(this, "拍照胜利", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); Log.d(TAG,"拍照胜利了呀"); } }}Android7.0之后如果调用零碎相机拍照会报这个问题
Caused by: android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///storage/emulated/0/forpermission/2021-03-15%2014.30.48.jpg exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()须要提供FileProvider
/** * 调用零碎相机实现拍照*/public void request(View view){ if (!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){ Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this,"SD卡异样",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); return; } long dateTaken=System.currentTimeMillis(); //图像名称 CharSequence fileName= DateFormat.format("yyyy-MM-dd kk.mm.ss",dateTaken); //图像门路 String path=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString()+ File.separator+"forpermission"+File.separator+fileName+".jpg"; File imageFile=new File(path); if (!imageFile.getParentFile().exists()){ imageFile.getParentFile().mkdirs(); } if (!imageFile.exists()){ try { imageFile.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //依据文件解析出文件对应的uri Uri uri= FileProvider.getUriForFile(ThirdActivity.this,"com.ruan.testw.my_provider",imageFile); Intent intent=new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uri); //判断是否有Activity能解决intent if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager())!=null){ startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO); }}对应的FileProvider在AndroidX和android中不同
在Androidmanifest中配置FileProvider
<!--com.ruan.testw.my_provider自定义的名字--><provider android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"//内容提供者类名 android:authorities="com.ruan.testw.my_provider"//配置一个 FileProvider 的名字，它在以后零碎内须要是惟一值。 android:exported="false"//示意该 FileProvider 是否须要公开进来，传 false 示意不公开 android:grantUriPermissions="true">//是否容许受权文件的长期拜访权限。传 true 示意须要 <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS" android:resource="@xml/file_paths" /></provider>//在android包下<!--com.ruan.testw.my_provider自定义的名字--><provider android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"//内容提供者类名 android:authorities="com.ruan.testw.my_provider" android:exported="false" android:grantUriPermissions="true"> <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS" android:resource="@xml/file_paths" /></provider>在Android的res下创立xml文件夹下新建file_paths.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <!--代表内部存储区域的根目录下的文件 Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()/DCIM/camerademo目录--> <external-path name="hm_DCIM" path="DCIM/camerademo" /><!--代表内部存储区域的根目录下的文件 Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()/Pictures/camerademo目录--> <external-path name="hm_Pictures" path="Pictures/camerademo" /> <!--代表app 公有的存储区域 Context.getFilesDir()目录下的images目录 /data/user/0/com.hm.camerademo/files/images--><files-path name="hm_private_files" path="images" /> <!--代表app 公有的存储区域 Context.getCacheDir()目录下的images目录 /data/user/0/com.hm.camerademo/cache/images--><cache-path name="hm_private_cache" path="images" /> <!--代表app 内部存储区域根目录下的文件 Context.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES)目录下的Pictures目录--><!--/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.hm.camerademo/files/Pictures--><external-files-path name="hm_external_files" path="Pictures" /> <!--代表app 内部存储区域根目录下的文件 Context.getExternalCacheDir目录下的images目录--><!--/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.hm.camerademo/cache/images--><external-cache-path name="hm_external_cache" path="" /> </paths>- root-path：示意根目录，“/”。new File("/");
- files-path：示意 content.getFileDir() 获取到的目录
- cache-path：示意 content.getCacheDir() 获取到的目录
- external-path：示意Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() 指向的目录
- external-files-path：示意 ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs() 获取到的目录
- external-cache-path：示意 ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs() 获取到的目录
留神：
如果App有抉择和剪裁图片的需要，最好配置下root-path，这样子能够读取到sd卡和一些利用分身的目录，否则微信等利用分身保留的图片，在App外面读取时就产生上面异样：
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Failed to find configured root that contains /storage/emulated/0/forpermission/2021-03-15 16.32.35.jpg实例：
<paths> <!-- <root-path name="root" path=""/>--> <external-path name="camera_photo" path="forpermission"/></paths>1.应用FileProvider.getUriForFile(ThirdActivity.this,"com.ruan.testw.my_provider",imageFile);
目标：是将file://转成content://
2.getUriForFile() 办法，须要一个 authority 的参数，这里须要与后面在 AndroidManifest.xml 中 配置的 android:authorities保持一致，因为是通过 android:authorities 属性配置的值，来惟一确定由谁来响应这个 provider 的 。在 AndroidManifest.xml 中配置 provider 的时候，须要保障 android:authorities 的值，在整个零碎中的唯一性，否者装置的时候会抛出异样
*END:
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