前几天写了一个2048程序，是基于python3+pygame实现的，对于初学python的同学来说应该是很好的练手我的项目，当初将源码分享给大家，增加了清晰的正文，置信大家能看的很明确
运行成果如下：
游戏完结后的成果如下：
残缺代码如下，如果须要下载素材（图片、字体等能够到 https://www.itprojects.cn/detail.html?example_id=ad099a8cf24e15979a89d2d2bcaa4ca4 进行下载）
import randomimport sysfrom collections import Iterablefrom functools import reduceimport pygame# 屏幕尺寸WIDTH, HEIGHT = (650, 370)# 背景色彩BG_COLOR = '#92877d'# 棋盘须要的数据MARGIN_SIZE = 10 # 距离大小BLOCK_SIZE = 80 # 棋子地位大小def draw_tips(screen): """ 显示提示信息 """ # 显示"分数：" tips_img = pygame.image.load("resources/images/tips.png") screen.blit(tips_img, (375, 200))def get_score(chess_nums_temp): """ 计算以后棋盘的总分数 """ def sum_all(x, y): if isinstance(x, Iterable): return sum(x) + sum(y) return x + sum(y) return reduce(sum_all, chess_nums_temp)def draw_score(screen, score): """ 显示分数 """ # 显示数字 font_size_big = 60 font_color = (0, 255, 255) font_big = pygame.font.Font("resources/font/Gabriola.ttf", font_size_big) score = font_big.render(str(score), True, font_color) screen.blit(score, (470, 25)) # 显示"分数：" score_img = pygame.image.load("resources/images/score.png") screen.blit(score_img, (370, 30))def show_game_over(screen): font_size_big = 60 font_size_small = 30 font_color = (255, 255, 255) font_big = pygame.font.Font("resources/font/Gabriola.ttf", font_size_big) font_small = pygame.font.Font("resources/font/Gabriola.ttf", font_size_small) surface = screen.convert_alpha() surface.fill((127, 255, 212, 2)) text = font_big.render('Game Over!', True, font_color) text_rect = text.get_rect() text_rect.centerx, text_rect.centery = WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2 - 50 surface.blit(text, text_rect) button_width, button_height = 100, 40 button_start_x_left = WIDTH / 2 - button_width - 20 button_start_x_right = WIDTH / 2 + 20 button_start_y = HEIGHT / 2 - button_height / 2 + 20 pygame.draw.rect(surface, (0, 255, 255), (button_start_x_left, button_start_y, button_width, button_height)) text_restart = font_small.render('Restart', True, font_color) text_restart_rect = text_restart.get_rect() text_restart_rect.centerx, text_restart_rect.centery = button_start_x_left + button_width / 2, button_start_y + button_height / 2 surface.blit(text_restart, text_restart_rect) pygame.draw.rect(surface, (0, 255, 255), (button_start_x_right, button_start_y, button_width, button_height)) text_quit = font_small.render('Quit', True, font_color) text_quit_rect = text_quit.get_rect() text_quit_rect.centerx, text_quit_rect.centery = button_start_x_right + button_width / 2, button_start_y + button_height / 2 surface.blit(text_quit, text_quit_rect) clock = pygame.time.Clock() while True: screen.blit(surface, (0, 0)) for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button: if text_quit_rect.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()): sys.exit() if text_restart_rect.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()): return True pygame.display.update() clock.tick(60)def judge_game_over(field): """ 只有有1个方向能够挪动，那么游戏就没完结 """ return not any([judge_move_left(field), judge_move_right(field), judge_move_up(field), judge_move_down(field)])def judge_move_up(chess_nums_temp): # 对棋盘的数字进行「行与列转置」，即原来在第2行第3列变为第3行第2列 # zip: 实现 # *chess_nums_temp对列表进行拆包 chess_nums_temp = [list(row) for row in zip(*chess_nums_temp)] return judge_move_left(chess_nums_temp)def judge_move_down(chess_nums_temp): """ 逻辑：判断是否向下挪动, 也就是对于元素进行转置, 判断转置后的棋盘是否向右挪动 """ # 1.「行与列转置」 chess_nums_temp = [list(row) for row in zip(*chess_nums_temp)] # 2. 判断是否能够向右挪动 return judge_move_right(chess_nums_temp)def judge_move_left(chess_nums_temp): # 只有棋盘的任意一行能够向左挪动， 就返回True for row in chess_nums_temp: for i in range(3): # 每一行判断3次 # 如果判断的右边的数为0，左边的数不为0，则阐明能够向左挪动； if row[i] == 0 and row[i + 1] != 0: return True elif row[i] != 0 and row[i + 1] == row[i]: # 如果判断的右边的数不为0，且左右2个数相等，则阐明能够向左挪动； return True return Falsedef judge_move_right(chess_nums_temp): # 对棋盘的每一行元素进行反转，此时就能够用向左的函数进行判断了 return judge_move_left([row[::-1] for row in chess_nums_temp])def move_left(chess_nums_temp): for i, row in enumerate(chess_nums_temp): # 1.把这一行的非0 数字向前放，把0向后放。例如之前是[0, 2, 2, 2]-->[2, 2, 2, 0] row = sorted(row, key=lambda x: 1 if x == 0 else 0) # 2.顺次循环判断两个数是否相等，如果相等 第一个*2 第二个数为0。例如[2, 2, 2, 0]-->[4, 0, 2, 0] for index in range(3): if row[index] == row[index + 1]: row[index] *= 2 row[index + 1] = 0 # 3.将合并之后的空隙移除，即非0靠左，0靠右。例如[4, 0, 2, 0]-->[4, 2, 0, 0] row = sorted(row, key=lambda x: 1 if x == 0 else 0) # 4. 更新数字列表，因为这一行曾经是操作之后的了 chess_nums_temp[i] = row return chess_nums_tempdef move_right(chess_nums_temp): # 先翻翻转 chess_nums_temp = [row[::-1] for row in chess_nums_temp] # 而后在调用像左挪动的性能 move_left(chess_nums_temp) # 最初再次翻转，实现之前的样子 return [row[::-1] for row in chess_nums_temp]def move_up(chess_nums_temp): # "行与列转置" chess_nums_temp = [list(row) for row in zip(*chess_nums_temp)] # 向左挪动 chess_nums_temp = move_left(chess_nums_temp) # 再次"行与列转置"从而实现还原 return [list(row) for row in zip(*chess_nums_temp)]def move_down(chess_nums_temp): # "行与列转置" chess_nums_temp = [list(row) for row in zip(*chess_nums_temp)] # 向右挪动 chess_nums_temp = move_right(chess_nums_temp) # 再次"行与列转置"从而实现还原 return [list(row) for row in zip(*chess_nums_temp)]def move(chess_nums_temp, direction): """ 依据方向挪动数字 """ # 存储判断各个方向是否可挪动对应的函数 judge_move_func_dict = { 'left': judge_move_left, 'right': judge_move_right, 'up': judge_move_up, 'down': judge_move_down } # 存储各个方向挪动的函数 move_func_dict = { 'left': move_left, 'right': move_right, 'up': move_up, 'down': move_down } # 调用对应的函数，判断是否能够朝这个方向挪动 ret = judge_move_func_dict[direction](chess_nums_temp) print("%s方向是否能够挪动：" % direction, ret) if ret: chess_nums_temp = move_func_dict[direction](chess_nums_temp) create_random_num(chess_nums_temp) # 返回列表，如果更新了就是新的，如果没有更新就是之前的那个 return chess_nums_tempdef get_num_color(num): """ 依据以后要显示的数字，提取出背景色以及字体色彩 对应的数字：[方格背景色彩, 方格里的字体色彩] """ color_dict = { 2: ['#eee4da', '#776e65'], 4: ['#ede0c8', '#776e65'], 8: ['#f2b179', '#f9f6f2'], 16: ['#f59563', '#f9f6f2'], 32: ['#f67c5f', '#f9f6f2'], 64: ['#f65e3b', '#f9f6f2'], 128: ['#edcf72', '#f9f6f2'], 256: ['#edcc61', '#f9f6f2'], 512: ['#edc850', '#f9f6f2'], 1024: ['#edc53f', '#f9f6f2'], 2048: ['#edc22e', '#f9f6f2'], 4096: ['#eee4da', '#776e65'], 8192: ['#edc22e', '#f9f6f2'], 16384: ['#f2b179', '#776e65'], 32768: ['#f59563', '#776e65'], 65536: ['#f67c5f', '#f9f6f2'], 0: ['#9e948a', None] } return color_dict[num]def create_random_num(nums_temp): """ 在棋盘中随机生成一个数字 """ # 存储所有空地位 positions = list() for row, line in enumerate(nums_temp): for col, num in enumerate(line): if num == 0: positions.append((row, col)) # 随机从空地位列表中抽取一个，而后拆包 row, col = random.choice(positions) nums_temp[row][col] = random.choice([2, 4, 2]) # 随机从2个2，1个4中抽取，这样抽到2的概率是4的2倍def draw_nums(screen, chess_nums_temp): """ 显示棋盘上的数字 """ # 筹备字体等 font_size = BLOCK_SIZE - 10 font = pygame.font.Font("./resources/font/Gabriola.ttf", font_size) # 遍历数字 for i, line in enumerate(chess_nums_temp): for j, num in enumerate(line): if num != 0: # 计算显示地位（x坐标、y坐标） x = MARGIN_SIZE * (j + 1) + BLOCK_SIZE * j y = MARGIN_SIZE * (i + 1) + BLOCK_SIZE * i # 获取色彩 font_color = pygame.Color(get_num_color(num)[1]) # 显示数字 text = font.render(str(num), True, font_color) text_rect = text.get_rect() text_rect.centerx, text_rect.centery = x + BLOCK_SIZE / 2, y + BLOCK_SIZE / 2 # 用对应的数字背景色，从新绘制这个方块 pygame.draw.rect(screen, pygame.Color(get_num_color(num)[0]), (x, y, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE)) screen.blit(text, text_rect)def draw_chess_board(screen): """ 显示棋盘 """ for i in range(4): for j in range(4): x = MARGIN_SIZE * (j + 1) + BLOCK_SIZE * j y = MARGIN_SIZE * (i + 1) + BLOCK_SIZE * i pygame.draw.rect(screen, pygame.Color('#f9f6f2'), (x, y, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE))def run(screen): # 定义列表，用来记录以后棋盘上的所有数字，如果某地位没有数字，则为0 chess_nums = [[0 for _ in range(4)] for _ in range(4)] # 随机生成一个数字 create_random_num(chess_nums) create_random_num(chess_nums) # 记录以后的分数 score = get_score(chess_nums) # 创立计时器（避免while循环过快，占用太多CPU的问题） clock = pygame.time.Clock() while True: # 事件检测（鼠标点击、键盘按下等） for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key in [pygame.K_UP, pygame.K_DOWN, pygame.K_LEFT, pygame.K_RIGHT]: direction = {pygame.K_UP: 'up', pygame.K_DOWN: 'down', pygame.K_LEFT: 'left', pygame.K_RIGHT: 'right'}[event.key] print("按下了方向键:", direction) chess_nums = move(chess_nums, direction) if judge_game_over(chess_nums): print("游戏完结....") return # 每按下方向键，就从新计算 score = get_score(chess_nums) # 显示背景色 screen.fill(pygame.Color(BG_COLOR)) # 显示棋盘 draw_chess_board(screen) # 显示棋盘上的数字 draw_nums(screen, chess_nums) # 显示分数 draw_score(screen, score) # 显示操作提醒 draw_tips(screen) # 刷新显示（此时窗口才会真正的显示） pygame.display.update() # FPS（每秒钟显示画面的次数） clock.tick(60) # 通过肯定的延时，实现1秒钟可能循环60次def main(): # 游戏初始化 pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT)) while True: # 运行一次游戏 run(screen) # 显示游戏完结，是否重来 show_game_over(screen)if __name__ == '__main__': main()