# 传值和传地址的区别# 对于简略的数值，采纳传值操作，即在函数内对参数的操作不影响里面的变量# 对于简单变量，采纳传地址操作，此时函数内的参数和内部变量是同一份内容，# 任何中央对此内容的更改都影响另外的变量或参数的应用def a(n): n[2] = 300 print(n) return Nonedef b(n): n += 100 print(n) return Nonean = [1,2,3,4,5,6]bn = 9print(an)a(an)print(an)print(bn)b(bn)print(bn)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6][1, 2, 300, 4, 5, 6][1, 2, 300, 4, 5, 6]91099
对于列表的函数
l = ['a', 'i love you', 45, 766, 5+4j]l
['a', 'i love you', 45, 766, (5+4j)]
# append 插入一个内容，在开端追加a = [i for i in range(1,5)]print(a)a.append(100)print(a)
[1, 2, 3, 4][1, 2, 3, 4, 100]
# insert：指定地位插入# insert(index, date)，插入地位是index后面print(a)a.insert(3, 666)print(a)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 100][1, 2, 3, 666, 4, 100]
# 删除# del 删除# pop，从对应位拿出一个元素，即把最初一个元素取出来print(a)last_ele = a.pop()print(last_ele)print(a)
[1, 2, 3, 666, 4, 100]100[1, 2, 3, 666, 4]
# remove：在列表中删除指定的值的元素# 如果被删除的值没在list中，则报错# 即，删除List指定值的操作应该应用try...excepty语句，或者后行进行判断# if x in list:# list.remove(x)a.insert(4, 666)print(a)print(id(a))a.remove(666)print(a)print(id(a))# 输入两个id值一样，阐明，remove操作是在原list间接操作
[1, 2, 3, 4, 666]2261435601928[1, 2, 3, 4]2261435601928
# clear：清空print(a)print(id(a))a.clear()print(a)print(id(a))# 如果不须要列表地址放弃不变，则清空列表能够应用以下形式# a = list[]# a = [ ]
[]2261435601928[]2261435601928
# reverse：翻转，原地翻转a = [1,2,3,4,5]print(a)print(id(a))a.reverse()print(a)print(id(a))
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]2261441839496[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]2261441839496
# exrend：扩大列表，两个列表，把一个间接拼接到后一个上a = [1,2,3,4,5]b = [6,7,8,9,10]print(a)print(id(a))a.extend(b)print(a)print(id(a))
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]2261441540872[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]2261441540872
# count：查找列表中指定值或元素的个数print(a)a.append(8)a.insert(4, 8)print(a)a_len = a.count(8)print(a_len)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10][1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 8]3
# copy：拷贝，浅拷贝# 列表类型变量赋值示例a = [1,2,3,4,5,666]print(a)# list类型，简略赋值操作，是传地址b = ab[3] = 777print(a)print(id(a))print(b)print(id(b))print("*" * 20)# 为了解决以上问题，list赋值须要采纳copy函数b = a.copy()print(a)print(id(a))print(b)print(id(b))print("*" * 20)b[3] = 888print(a)print(b)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 666][1, 2, 3, 777, 5, 666]2195797555400[1, 2, 3, 777, 5, 666]2195797555400********************[1, 2, 3, 777, 5, 666]2195797555400[1, 2, 3, 777, 5, 666]2195798283976********************[1, 2, 3, 777, 5, 666][1, 2, 3, 888, 5, 666]
# 深拷贝跟浅拷贝的区别# 呈现下列问题的起因是，copy函数是个浅拷贝函数，即只拷贝一层内容# 深拷贝须要应用特定工具a = [1,2,3, [10 ,20 ,30]]b = a.copy()print(id(a))print(id(b))print(id(a[3]))print(id(b[3]))a[3][2] = 666print(a)print(b)
2195798054792219579642029621957981088722195798108872[1, 2, 3, [10, 20, 666]][1, 2, 3, [10, 20, 666]]
元组-tuple
元组创立
# 创立空元组t = ()print(type(t))# 创立一个只有一个值的元组s = (1)print(type(s))print(s)t = (1, )print(type(t))print(t)t = 1,print(type(t))print(t)# 创立多个值的元组t = (1,2,3,4,5)print(type(t))print(t)t = 1,2,3,4,5print(type(t))print(t)# 应用其余构造创立l = [1,2,3,4,5]t = tuple(l)print(t)
<class 'tuple'><class 'int'>1<class 'tuple'>(1,)<class 'tuple'>(1,)<class 'tuple'>(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)<class 'tuple'>(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
元组的个性
- 是序列表，有序
- 元组数据值能够拜访，不能批改，不能批改，不能批改
- 元组数据能够是任意类型
- 总之，list所有个性，除了可批改外，元组都具备
- 也就意味着，list具备的一些操作，比方索引，分片，序列相加，相乘，成员资格操作等，截然不同
# 索引操作t = (1,2,3,4,5)print(t[4])
5
# 超标谬误print(t[12])
---------------------------------------------------------------------------IndexError Traceback (most recent call last)<ipython-input-22-0db0bf4ec3b5> in <module> 1 # 超标谬误----> 2 print(t[12])IndexError: tuple index out of range
t = (1,2,3,4,5,6)t1 = t[1::2]print(id(t))print(id(t1))print(t1)# 切片能够超标t2 = t[2:100]print(t2)
21957980587602195797607552(2, 4, 6)(3, 4, 5, 6)
# 序列相加t1 = (1,2,3)t2 = (4,5,6,7)# 传址操作print(t1)print(id(t1))t1 += t2print(t1)print(id(t1))# 以上操作，相似于t1 = (1,2,3)t1 = (2,3,4)# tuple 的不可批改，指的是内容不可批改# 批改tuple内容会导致报错t1[1] = 100
(1, 2, 3)2195798298200(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)2195795953560---------------------------------------------------------------------------TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)<ipython-input-32-e65ebb898657> in <module> 16 # tuple 的不可批改，指的是内容不可批改 17 # 批改tuple内容会导致报错---> 18 t1[1] = 100TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
# 元组相乘t = (1,2,3)t = t * 3print(t)
(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
# 成员检测t = (1,2,3)if 2 in t: print("Yes")else: print("No")
Yes
# 元组遍历，个别采纳for# 1. 单层元组遍历t = (1,2,3,"ruochen", "i", "love")for i in t: print(i, end=" ")
1 2 3 ruochen i love
# 2. 双层元组的遍历t = ((1,2,3), (2,3,4), ("i", "love", "you"))# 对以上元组的遍历，能够如下# 1.for i in t: print(i) for k,m,n in t: print(k, "--", m, "--", n)
(1, 2, 3)(2, 3, 4)('i', 'love', 'you')1 -- 2 -- 32 -- 3 -- 4i -- love -- you