几种必须静默装置的状况

服务器为了缩小资源占用，没装置图形组件
不能进入机房，只能近程SSH
想炫(Z)耀(B)，静默装置显得有技术含量

磁盘分区要求

如没有特地要求，装机时可按如下分区比拟好治理

/boot   ext3   100M  Swap    swap   32G   #个别和内存一样大  /u01    ext3   800G  #Oracle装置目录和数据库数据文件寄存目录，大小要大于预估的全副数据量/opt    ext3   5G  /tmp    ext3   2G  /       ext3   残余空间

装置步骤纲要

没明确指出操作账号的步骤，请认真看命令后面是井号还是美元，井号就是用root做的，美元就是用oracle做的。

装前查看
创立组和用户
批改内核参数
批改用户限度
敞开SELinux及防火墙
创立装置目录
设置环境变量
执行runInstaller装置Oracle
执行dbca建设数据库
配置tnsnames.ora
执行lsnrctl启动监听，PLSQL连贯

装置前查看

两个安装包
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
Oracle版本是11.2.0.1.0
Linux版本Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.6 (Santiago)

物理内存查看：
至多4G，查看物理内存命令：

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

虚拟内存查看：
物理内存4-8G，虚拟内存为2倍物理内存；
物理内存8-32G，虚拟内存为1.5倍物理内存；
物理内存>32G，虚拟内存等于物理内存；

查看虚拟内存命令：

# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

依赖包查看

rpm -q \binutils \compat-libstdc++-33 \elfutils-libelf \elfutils-libelf-devel \elfutils-libelf-devel-static \expat \gcc \gcc-c++ \glibc \glibc-common \glibc-devel \glibc-headers \libaio \libaio-devel \libgcc \libstdc++ \libstdc++-devel \make \ksh \sysstat \numactl-devel \kernel-headers \libgomp        \unixODBC \unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"|awk '{print $2;}'

输出上面几个包，阐明零碎没有

compat-libstdc++-33elfutils-libelf-develelfutils-libelf-devel-staticgccgcc-c++libaio-devellibstdc++-develkshnumactl-develunixODBCunixODBC-devel

配好yum源，一一yum install下面的包。

创立组和用户

[root@ORATEST]# groupadd oinstall[root@ORATEST]# groupadd dba[root@ORATEST]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle[root@ORATEST]# passwd oracleChanging password for user oracle.New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary wordBAD PASSWORD: is too simpleRetype new password:      #此处明码输出oracle，BAD PASSWORD提醒不必管passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

批改内核参数

# vi /etc/sysctl.confkernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 6815744net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

使设置失效

#sysctl -p

查看设置是否胜利

[root@ORATEST ~]# sysctl kernel.sem fs.file-max net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range net.core.rmem_default net.core.rmem_max net.core.wmem_default net.core.wmem_max fs.aio-max-nrkernel.sem = 250        32000   100     128fs.file-max = 6815744net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000     65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

用户限度设置

# vi /etc/security/limits.conforacle    soft    nofile    1024oracle    hard    nofile    65536oracle    soft    nproc     2047oracle    hard    nproc     16384vi /etc/pam.d/loginsession    required    /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession    required    pam_limits.so# vi /etc/profileif [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then        ulimit -p 16384        ulimit -n 65536    else        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536    fifi

敞开SELinux及防火墙

查看SELinux状态：sestatus永恒敞开SELinux，需重启：# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux#SELINUX=enforcingSELINUX=disabled即时敞开SELinux指令：setenforce 0  或者  setenforce permissive敞开防火墙：Linux6及以下：查看防火墙状态：service iptables status重启后失效 敞开： chkconfig iptables off 即时敞开防火墙指令  敞开： service iptables stop

创立装置目录

[root@ORATEST ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/[root@ORATEST ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/[root@ORATEST ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/

配置环境变量

[root@ORATEST ~]# su - oracle[oracle@ORATEST ~]$ vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile vi /home/oracle/.bash_profileORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASEexport ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1ORACLE_SID=oral; export ORACLE_SIDexport ORACLE_OWNER=oracleexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binexport TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/libexport NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBKexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JREexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/libexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlibexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlibexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlibexport LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/libexport SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbsexport ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/dataumask 022

新开个会话，以Oracle账号登陆，查看环境是否失效

[oracle@ORATEST ~]$ env | more[oracle@ORATEST ~]$ umask

以root账号，新建oraInst.loc，执行

# vi /etc/oraInst.locinventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventoryinst_group=oinstall[root@ORATEST ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc[root@ORATEST ~]# chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc

执行runInstaller装置Oracle

批改host文件

[root@ORATEST ~]# vi /etc/hosts...127.0.0.1   ORATEST   #最初加上这行

将两个安装包上传到/u01/app，确保安装包属于oracle用户

[root@ORATEST app]# chown -R oracle:oinstall *.zip[root@ORATEST app]# lltotal 2295600-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1239269270 Jan 22 14:29 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1111416131 Jan 22 14:29 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

如果曾经属于oracle用户，下面步骤不必做。
在oracle账号下，按程序解压

[oracle@ORATEST app]$unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip  [oracle@ORATEST app]$unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解压后文件都在database目录里

[oracle@ORATEST app]$ lltotal 2295604drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall       4096 Aug 21  2009 database-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1239269270 Jan 22 14:29 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1111416131 Jan 22 14:29 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

拷贝装置配置模板文件到当前目录（/u01/app）下

[oracle@ORATEST app]$ cp database/response/db_install.rsp  .

创立三个目录，oracle是装置目录，oradata是数据文件目录，oradatabackup，是数据文件备份目录

[oracle@ORATEST app]$ mkdir oracle   [oracle@ORATEST app]$ mkdir oradata[oracle@ORATEST app]$ mkdir oradatabackup

编辑db_install.rsp，编辑后和原始文件差别如下，

[oracle@ORATEST app]$ diff db_install.rsp database/response/db_install.rsp29c29< oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG---> oracle.install.option=37c37< ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost---> ORACLE_HOSTNAME=42c42< UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall---> UNIX_GROUP_NAME=47c47< INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app---> INVENTORY_LOCATION=78c78< SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN---> SELECTED_LANGUAGES=83c83< ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1---> ORACLE_HOME=88c88< ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle---> ORACLE_BASE=99c99< oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE---> oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=142c142< oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba---> oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=147c147< oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba---> oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=160c160< oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE---> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=165c165< oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl---> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=170c170< oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl---> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=184c184< oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK---> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8200c200< oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1024---> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=233c233< oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle---> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=278,279c278< oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=test@qq.com< ---> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=325c324< oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE---> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=333c332< oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u01/app/oradata---> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=340c339< oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/u01/app/oradatabackup---> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=386c385< DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true---> DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=

这些配置项也能够在装置命令参数里写，本文抉择编辑db_install.rsp达到成果。
装置前文件和环境如下

[oracle@ORATEST app]$ lltotal 2295640drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall       4096 Aug 21  2009 database-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall      22770 Jan 22 15:15 db_install.rsp-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1239269270 Jan 22 14:29 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1111416131 Jan 22 14:29 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zipdrwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall       4096 Jan 22 14:56 oracledrwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall       4096 Jan 22 15:12 oradatadrwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall       4096 Jan 22 15:12 oradatabackup[oracle@ORATEST app]$ env | grep ORAORACLE_OWNER=oracleORA_NLS10=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/nls/dataORACLE_SID=oralORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

执行装置命令

[oracle@ORATEST database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile /u01/app/db_install.rspStarting Oracle Universal Installer...Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 1628 MB    PassedChecking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 65535 MB    PassedPreparing ...   CAUSE: ...   ACTION: ....[WARNING] [INS-30011] ...The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.  #!/bin/sh  #Root scripts to run/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.shTo execute the configuration scripts:         1. Open a terminal window          2. Log in as "root"          3. Run the scripts          4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue Configuration assistants have not been run. This can happen for following reasons - either root.sh is to be run before config or Oracle Universal Installer was invoked with the -noConfig option."/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/configToolAllCommands" script contains all commands to be executed by the configuration assistants. This file may be used to run the configuration assistants outside of OUI. Note that you may have to update this script with passwords (if any) before executing the same.Successfully Setup Software.

输入Successfully Setup Software示意装置胜利。同时提醒以root账号执行/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh脚本。

[root@ORATEST ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.shCheck /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/root_ORATEST_2021-01-25_08-19-46.log for the output of root script

执行完Oracle软件装置实现。

建设数据库

oracle账号执行，拷贝建设数据库的配置文件dbca.rsp到app目录下

[oracle@ORATEST app]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp .

编辑dbca.rsp，编写完各我的项目如下

[oracle@ORATEST app]$ cat dbca.rsp | grep -v ^# | grep -v ^$[GENERAL]RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"[CREATEDATABASE]GDBNAME = "ORCL"SID = "orcl"TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"DATAFILEDESTINATION =/u01/app/oradataCHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"TOTALMEMORY = "8000"[createTemplateFromDB]SOURCEDB = "myhost:1521:orcl"SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"[createCloneTemplate]SOURCEDB = "orcl"TEMPLATENAME = "My Clone TEMPLATE"[DELETEDATABASE]SOURCEDB = "orcl"[generateScripts]TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"[CONFIGUREDATABASE][ADDINSTANCE]DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"NODELIST=SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"[DELETEINSTANCE]DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"INSTANCENAME = "orcl11g"SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

同样这个文件的内容也能够在执行dbca命令时以参数模式输出，本文抉择编辑dbca.rsp的形式。
app目录下执行命令建设数据库

[oracle@ORATEST app]$ dbca -silent -responseFile ./dbca.rsp Copying database files1% complete3% complete37% completeCreating and starting Oracle instance40% complete45% complete50% complete55% complete56% complete60% complete62% completeCompleting Database Creation66% complete70% complete73% complete85% complete96% complete100% completeLook at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL/ORCL.log" for further details.

此时数据库曾经启动，能够拜访了。上面指令测试是否胜利

[oracle@ORATEST ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba...SQL> shutdown immediate;Database closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startup;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 8351150080 bytesFixed Size                  2214936 bytesVariable Size            5100274664 bytesDatabase Buffers         3221225472 bytesRedo Buffers               27435008 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL>

shutdown和startup都胜利执行，阐明数据库失常启动了。
/u01/app/oradata/ORCL目录下是刚建设数据库ORCL的数据文件

[oracle@ORATEST oradata]$ cd ORCL/[oracle@ORATEST ORCL]$ lltotal 1433964-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 Jan 25 15:42 control01.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jan 25 15:23 redo01.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jan 25 15:41 redo02.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jan 25 15:23 redo03.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 513810432 Jan 25 15:38 sysaux01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 702554112 Jan 25 15:36 system01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  30416896 Jan 25 11:41 temp01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  78651392 Jan 25 15:36 undotbs01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Jan 25 15:23 users01.dbf

配置tnsnames.ora

network/admin下新建ora文件

[oracle@ORATEST ~]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.orawebdb =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.6.2)(PORT = 1521))    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVER = DEDICATED)      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)    )  )

近程客户端的tnsnames.ora写上雷同的配置。如果近程在PC上，ora文件放在TNS_ADMIN环境变量对应的目录下。

执行lsnrctl启动监听，PLSQL连贯

监听的配置文件不必编写，采纳默认配置。查看webdb是否解析

[oracle@ORATEST ~]$ tnsping webdb...Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the aliasAttempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.6.2)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))TNS-12541: TNS:no listener

能够解析出地址和端口号，否则会报Failed to resolve name。no listerer提醒监听程序没有启动，启动监听

[oracle@ORATEST ~]$ lsnrctl start...Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ORATEST)(PORT=1521)))Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date                31-JAN-2021 13:55:20Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ORATEST/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ORATEST)(PORT=1521)))The listener supports no servicesThe command completed successfully

启动胜利。
PLSQL连贯，用户system，明码oracle，数据库下拉抉择webdb，能够胜利登陆。

如果一切顺利，到此功败垂成。如果遇到一些报错请往下看。

一些报错的解决办法

谬误：LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initoral.ora'解决：[oracle@ORATEST dbs]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/srvm/admin/init.ora ./initoral.ora

谬误：ORA-00371: not enough shared pool memory, should be atleast 307023052 bytes解决[oracle@ORATEST dbs]$ vi initoral.ora# replace "clustdb" with your database namedb_name = orclshared_pool_size =  307023052  #按提醒大小改

谬误：ORA-00401: the value for parameter compatible is not supported by this release解决：[oracle@ORATEST dbs]$ vi initoral.ora#compatible=9.2.0.0.0compatible=11.2.0.0.0 #改成11版本

谬误：ORA-27504: IPC error creating OSD contextORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:unsupp_mtu failed with status: 0ORA-27301: OS failure message: Error 0ORA-27302: failure occurred at: skgxpvaddr10ORA-27303: additional information: requested interface 127.0.0.1 mtu not supported. Check output from ifconfig command解决：cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/[oracle@ORATEST lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk rac_off ioracle

谬误：ORA-00439: feature not enabled: Real Application Clusters  解决：cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/  [oracle@ORATEST lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk rac_on ioracle

谬误：  ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance   ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info  解决：  [root@ORATEST ~]# find / -name init.ora*  /u01/app/oracle/admin/ORCL/pfile/init.ora.025202192615[oracle@ORATEST dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba...SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ORCL/pfile/init.ora.025202192615'ORACLE instance started.;Total System Global Area 8351150080 bytesFixed Size                  2214936 bytesVariable Size            4697621480 bytesDatabase Buffers         3623878656 bytesRedo Buffers               27435008 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL>   create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ORCL/pfile/init.ora.025202192615';File created.

整库导入

如果新装置的库要导入老库的数据，
在老库服务器以oracle用户执行

exp system/oracle@orcl file=./exp.dmp full=y

新库建设完后，什么都不须要做，上传exp.dmp后，间接执行

[oracle@ORATEST app]$ imp system/oracle full=y file=./exp.dmp  #这里没写实例名@orcl 因为只有一个orcl实例能够省略

就能够胜利导入老库所有数据和用户。
新老数据库的字符集雷同即可，其它环节字符集不同也能够胜利。

总结

终于搞定了传说中装置成功率只有50%的Oracle，还是静默装置，爽。
如果失败了，倡议格式化u01分区间接重来。