关于数据库:kafka的认识安装与配置

意识Kafka

破费越少的精力在数据挪动上，就能越专一于外围业务 --- 《Kafka：The Definitive Guide》

意识 Kafka 之前，先理解一下公布与订阅音讯零碎：音讯的发送者不会间接把音讯发送给接收者、发送者以某种形式对音讯进行分类，接收者订阅它们，以便能承受特定类型的音讯。公布与订阅零碎个别会有一个 broker(n. 经纪人、中间商) 也就是公布音讯的中心点。

Kafka 是一款基于公布与订阅的音讯零碎，个别被称为“分布式提交日志”或者“分布式流平台”。 Kafka 的数据单元被称作音讯，能够看作是数据库中的一行数据，音讯是由字节数组组成，故对 kafka 来说音讯没有特地的意义，音讯能够有一个可选的元数据，也就是键。键也是一个字节数组，同样对于 kafka 没有什么非凡意义。键能够用来将音讯以一种可控的形式写入分区。最简略的例子就是为键生成一个一致性散列值，而后应用散列值对主题分区数进行取模，为音讯抉择分区。这样能够保障具备雷同键的音讯总是被写在雷同的分区上。保障音讯在一个主题中程序读取。

为了提高效率，音讯将被分批次写入 Kafka 。批次就是一组音讯，相似于 redis 中的流水线(Pipelined)操作。

主题和分区

kafka 的音讯通过主题进行分类，主题就相当于数据库中的表，主题能够被分成若干个分区，一个分区就是一个提交日志，音讯以追加的模式被写入分区。而后依照先入先出的程序读取。一个主题下的分区也能够在不同的服务器上，以此提供比单个服务器更加弱小的性能

生产者和消费者

Kafka 的客户端就是 Kafka 零碎的用户，个别状况下有两种根本类型：生产者和消费者

Producer 生产者创立音讯，个别状况下，一个音讯会被公布到一个特定的主题上。生产者在默认状况下将音讯均分在主题的每个分区上

Consumer 消费者读取音讯，消费者订阅一个或多个主题，并依照音讯的生成程序读取他们，消费者通过查看音讯的偏移量来辨别曾经读过的音讯。这个偏移量会被消费者在 zk 或者 kafka 上保留，如果消费者敞开或者重启，他的读取状态不会隐没

消费者是消费者群组 Consumer group的一部分，群组能够保障每个分区被一个消费者生产(因而消费者数量不能大于分区数量，会造成消费者服务器的节约)，如果一个消费者生效，群组里的其余消费者能够接管生效消费者的工作。

Kafka的长处

1. 无缝反对多个生产者
2. 反对多个消费者从一条音讯流读取数据、且各个消费者之间的偏移量不影响。也反对多个消费者共享一个音讯流，并保障整个消费者群组对每个音讯只生产一次
3. 能够对每个主题设置保留规定，依据保留规定长久化数据到磁盘
4. 高性能，高伸缩性

装置

Kafka 应用 Zookeeper(前面简称zk) 保留集群的元数据信息和消费者信息， Kafka 发行版本自带 zk，能够间接从脚本启动，不过装置一个完整版的 zk 也不难

装置单节点 zk

官网下载地址：http://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.6/

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装置目录： /usr/local/zookeeper

数据目录： /var/lib/zookeeper

# tar -zxf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz# mv zookeeper-3.4.6 /usr/local/zookeeper# mkdir -p /var/lib/zookeeper# cat > /usr/local/zookeeper/conf/zoo.cfg << EOF> tickTime=2000> dataDir=/var/lib/zookeeper> clientPort=2181> EOF# 接着设置一下环境变量中的 JAVA_HOME,能够先应用 export 命令查看是否曾经设置# export JAVA_HOME=/xxx# 最初切换到 zk 装置目录，启动 zk# /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start 

接着通过四字命令 srvr 验证 zk 是否装置正确

# telnet localhost 2181Trying ::1...Connected to localhost.Escape character is '^]'.srvrZookeeper version: 3.4.6-1569965, built on 02/20/2014 09:09 GMTLatency min/avg/max: 0/0/0Received: 1Sent: 0Connections: 1Outstanding: 0Zxid: 0x0Mode: standaloneNode count: 4Connection closed by foreign host.[root@linux-keats bin]# pwd/usr/local/zookeeper/bin 

装置单节点 Kafka

下载： https://archive.apache.org/dist/kafka/0.9.0.1/kafka_2.11-0.9.0.1.tgz

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# tar -zxf kafka_2.11-0.9.0.1.tgz# mv kafka_2.11-0.9.0.1 /usr/local/kafka# mkdir /tmp/kafka-logs# /usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh -daemon /usr/local/kafka/config/server.properties 

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配置 kafka

#broker 的全局惟一编号，集群中不能反复。int类型broker.id=0#是否容许删除 topic delete.topic.enable=true#解决网络申请的线程数量num.network.threads=3#解决磁盘 IO 的线程数量num.io.threads=8#发送套接字的缓冲区大小socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400#接管套接字的缓冲区大小socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400#申请套接字的缓冲区大小socket.request.max.bytes=104857600#kafka 运行日志(此日志非常规意义的日志)寄存的门路。用上一步创立的目录。log.dirs=/tmp/kafka-logs#topic 创立时默认的分区数num.partitions=1#用来复原和清理 data 下数据的线程数量num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1#segment 文件保留的最长工夫，超时将被删除log.retention.hours=168#配置连贯 Zookeeper 地址。如果是 zk 集群，应用 , 隔开zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181 

集群

zk 集群的装置请度娘 zk 集群，kafka 能够依照开端参考文献装置集群。我这里测试服务器性能不行还跑了几个 java 程序，就不装集群了

测试

主题相干操作

 /usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic testCreated topic "test". 

• --create 创立操作 还有 --list 查问，--describe 详情
• --zookeeper localhost:2181 配置 zk 的信息
• --partitions 1 分区数目 1
• --replication-factor 1 正本数 1。正本数不能大于 kafka broker 节点的数目
• --topic test 指定主题名称

创立好主题后，logs 文件夹内就会呈现 主题名-分区名 的提交日志

往主题发送音讯

# /usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic testTest Message 1Test Message 2^D 

从测试主题读取音讯

# /usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test --from-beginningTest Message 1Test Message 2^CProcessed a total of 2 messages 

内外网拜访 kafka

在 kafka 的 server.properties 中，上面的配置默认是 PLAINTEXT://:9092，示意默认状况下 kafka 只监听内网9092端口的申请。如果服务器须要外网拜访，须要更改配置：

# java.net.InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName() if not configured.#   FORMAT:#     listeners = listener_name://host_name:port#   EXAMPLE:#     listeners = PLAINTEXT://your.host.name:9092# if you don't understand there see: https://blog.csdn.net/gk91620/article/details/103985844listener.security.protocol.map=INTERNAL:PLAINTEXT,EXTERNAL:PLAINTEXTlisteners=INTERNAL://内网IP:内网端口1,EXTERNAL://内网IP:内网端口2advertised.listeners=INTERNAL://内网IP:内网端口1,EXTERNAL://外网IP:外网拜访的端口inter.broker.listener.name=INTERNAL 

这么配置下来，对于外网的生产者和消费者，通过 外网IP:外网拜访的端口 来与 kafka 交互，而 内网IP:内网端口1 则被用于集群中 kafka 之间的交互