private Singleton(){}//退出了同步代码,解决线程不平安问题
public static synchronized Singlenton getInstance(){if(singleton==null){
singleton=new Singleton();}
return singleton;}
}优缺点阐明
解决了线程不平安的问题
效率太低了,每个线程在想取得类的实例时候,执行getInstance()办法都要进行同步。而其实这个形式执行一次实例化代码就够了,前面的想取得该类实例间接return就行了。办法进行同步效率太低论断;在理论开发中,不举荐应用这种形式。
懒汉式(线程平安,同步代码块)
代码
class Singleton{private static Singleton singleton;
private Singleton(){}public static Singleton getInstance(){
if(singleton==null){//同代码块
synchronized (Singleton.class){singleton=new Singleton();
}return singleton;
}}
}优缺点阐明
这种形式,本意是绝对四种办法的改良,因为后面同步办法效率太低,改为同步生产实例的代码块。
然而这种同步并不能起到线程同步的作用。跟第三种实现形式遇到的情景统一,退出一个线程进入了if(singleton==null)判断语句块,还未来得及往下执行,另外一个线程也通过了这个判断语句,这时便会产生多个实例。论断:在理论开发中,不能应用这种形式。
双重查看
代码演示
class Singleton{//volatile把它认为是一个轻量级的synchronized
private static volatile Singleton singleton;private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance(){if(singletonnull){
//保障只有一个线程在这里执行,当下一个线程进来的时候,//上一个线程曾经创立完了singleton曾经不等于null了,就不会创立了
//提供一个动态的共有办法,退出双重查看代码,解决线程平安问题,同时解决懒加载问题//同时保障了效率,举荐应用
synchronized(Singleton.class){if(singletonnull){
singleton=new Singleton();}
}}
return singleton;}
}优缺点阐明
Double-“Check概念是多线程开发中常应用的,如果代码中所示,咱们进行了两次if(singletonnull)查看,这样就能够保障线程平安了。
这样,实例化代码只用执行一次,前面再次拜访时,判断if(singletonnull),间接return实例化对象,也防止的重复进行办法同步。线程平安;提早加载;效率较高
论断;在理论开发中,举荐应用这种单例设计模式。动态外部类
代码演示
//当外部类装载的时候动态外部类不会被装载的
//当咱们调用静态方法时动态外部类的时候只会装载一次,而且装载的时候线程是平安的。public class SingletonTest07 {
public static void main(String[] args) {Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
Singleton instance1 = Singleton.getInstance();System.out.println(instance == instance1);//true
System.out.println("instance.hashCode=" + instance.hashCode());//instance1.hashCode=1163157884System.out.println("instance1.hashCode=" + instance1.hashCode());//instance1.hashCode=1163157884
}}
//动态外部类实现,举荐应用class Singleton {
//结构器私有化private Singleton() { }
//写动态外部类,该类有一个动态属性private static class SingletonInstance {
private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();}
//提供一个动态的共有办法,间接返回SingletonInstance.INSTANCEpublic static Singleton getInstance() {
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return SingletonInstance.INSTANCE;
}
}
优缺点阐明

这种形式采纳了类装载的机制来保障初始化实例时只有一个线程。