每个公司都青睐精通多种编程语言并且多才多艺的程序员。一个既能很麻利地写脚本,也能编写简单的Java程序的程序员,的确相当有价值。所以实际上,对于高级开发者来说,学习不止一种编程语言,简直就是必然的要求。
目前而言,面试官越来越看重那些领有多种编程语言教训的工程师。比方,同时有C++ 和Java的教训就很不错,Python和Java也是。我集体喜爱那些在C++ 或者Java方面有着丰盛教训,而且能用Groovy、Perl或Python写脚本的软件工程师。
很多时候,写一个小脚本就足以疾速搞定一些专有工作。我不想我的程序员们花上一整天用Java去写一个读取CSV文件的程序,或者在TCP/UDP端口抓取信息的程序,这是很浪费时间的一件事件。
为什么我在文章中抉择上面5种语言呢?简略理论。我是基于这些语言的用处、编程范式和风行度及代表性来抉择的。
例如,如果你想找一份利用开发的工作,就不能漠视Java。同样,做与web相干的事件,就得晓得无处不在的JavaScript。
在开发者职业生涯的晚期,我强烈建议学习C语言。它能帮忙开发者贴近零碎底层,通晓那些编程的要害概念,这是暗藏在JVM或CLR底下的货色。
对于脚本语言,我的抉择是Python,只管你也可用Perl或Groovy代替。但在扩大反对方面来看,Python的体现无疑是最棒的。有很多Python模块可供选择,帮你能分分种搞定各种工作。
学习一种面向对象的语言的同时,也学习一种像Haskell或Scala这样的函数式编程语言,这能拓展你的思维和编程认知。你能够在本文找到学习这5种语言的更多理由。
言归正传,上面就是我列出的5种每个程序员或软件开发者都该尝试学习的编程语言。
它蕴含了语言的大杂烩,比方[面向对象的]语言,函数式的语言,脚本语言,提供了对底层的管制,也涵盖了宽泛用于服务端开发的语言。
JavaJava是近二十年来最风行的语言之一。它统治着寰球的服务端利用开发,同时在基于Anroid开发的挪动利用市场,以及企业web开发畛域,也占有相当一部分比重。
Java最后的构想是一次编写各种平台均能运行(write once run anywhere)。随着工夫的推移,它的确做到了运行在各个平台的各个角落。
你应该学习应用Java构建强壮的、可扩大的服务端利用。你能够用Java构建多种复杂度的工程。与之相伴的,有很棒的工具、技术和社区反对。
为什么你应该学Java呢?你会学到如果专一于利用层面和代码构造的设计,而不必关怀特定零碎的细节和内存治理。JVM帮你搞定了前面这些。
Java被许多世界上的大型组织所应用。而且可能向泛滥用户展现你用Java开发的Android利用。
Python
在寰球范畴的学校和院系,Python是传授最多的语言之一。在美国,许多学术课程中,Python曾经取代了Java成为接触编程的首选语言。你将从学习Python中失去什么呢?——那将十分多。
Python既能用于写脚本,也能作为一种面向对象的语言编写大型工程。
许多风行的网站,比方Reddit,就应用基于Python的框架来构建,比方Django。近段时间,许多大型组织也转向应用基于Python的框架了。
Python也越来越多地用于像机器学习、人工智能、数据迷信这样的新一代技术中。这也难怪,因为有基于Python的十分棒的机器学习库,比方TensorFlow、Scikit-Learn以及其余。
我集体倒是在用Python写脚本。这能很快地实现一些有用的事件,比方,你能够用Python花5分钟写一个UDP音讯的监听器,相比拟,用Java可能就要花20分钟。
忘掉“编译、打包,而后能力应用”这些步骤。你能够间接为特定工作编写Python脚本。
JavaScript你能够用Java代替C++,用Pythont代替Ruby,然而,坦率地讲,以后没有JavaScript的替代品。在最近5年,JavaScript齐全统治了世界。
它不再仅仅是客户端脚本语言。有了Node.js这样的库,和Angular、React这样的框架,你能够在服务端做用户界面的开发。
JavaScript的巨大成功,有一部分要归功于jQuery。它真正扭转了人们在客户端应用JavaScript的形式。
作为一个在工作中应用JSP和开发基于Servlet的利用的程序员,我有许多机会同时应用jQuery和JavaScript。
有了此语言的常识,能够帮忙咱们决定哪些性能应该在服务端实现,哪些该在客户端实现。比方,许多服务端的校验逻辑,就被咱们迁徙到了客户端。
C / C++
如果不晓得C或C++,你就不能成为真正的程序员。这听起来有点刻薄,然而我的经验之谈。
理解C的工程师或者开发者,就是比不理解C的程序员要优良。这可不是简略的偶合。
这是你必须要理解的编程语言之一。我在求学期间学习的C语言,并在那时学到了对于编程的许多要害概念,比方构造体、数组、指针、内存治理等等。
C依然是操作系统编程方面最受欢迎的语言,并且在这两年,给排名榜首的Java带来了强劲地冲击。直至往年,超过了Java,排在了编程语言排行榜的第一位!
它同样是最古老的支流语言之一,曾经存在了近五十年。
C++ 和 C 很像,都容许你为零碎和驱动编写底层代码。如果你想学习C++ 而不是C,可看看我为老手列出的C++学习路线。
ScalaScala是基于过来20年来的最佳实际而发明的语言。它是一种函数式编程语言,提供了一种跟面向对象语言不同的编程范式。这能改良你的思维和代码认知。
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尽管有许多函数式编程可供选择,比方Haskell。我抉择Scala,因为作为一名Java开发者,我发现学习Scala比Haskell更容易。