关于javascript:分层架构UIEntity和Repository

在明确了如何分层之后，咱们就能够把咱们的代码进行移动，把他们放到适合的层里去了。

依然以“注册”为例，咱们梳理一下它蕴含的性能，各自应该放到哪一层：

UI层
应独立实现：
出现页面，接管用户输出
验证用户输出是否无效（比方：不能为空，最小字符串长度等）
注册胜利后跳转到“之前页面”

public class RegisterController:Controller{    public ActionResult Index(IndexModel model)    {        if (ModelState.IsValid)        {            //...        }        //...        return Redirect("prepage");

留神：MVC是一种“架构”，但不是咱们这里说的三层架构，Model View Controller都在UI一层当中。

晚期的web开发（比方ASP/JSP/PHP）什么层都没有，就Html外面嵌套逻辑（和.cshtml里的代码块相似）就OK了，连贯数据库啥的都能够写在这些代码块里……

此外，还须要依赖

Repository
实现：用户名是否反复。

    public ActionResult Index(IndexModel model)    {        //用户名是否已被应用        UserRepository repository = new UserRepository();        if (repository.GetByName(model.UserName) == null)        {

咱们曾经大量的应用了各种Repository了，他们能够进行保留/读取/删除各种对象。

@想一想@：增删改查，和数据库交互……repository不是应该放在DAL层？

隐没的DAL
因为EF等ORM工具的大量应用，很多同学会把Repoistory当做DAL应用。

@想一想@：为什么不应认为Repository是DAL？

留神：DAL返回的不能是BLL的对象

反证，如果Repository是DAL

它就应该由Entity调用……
它就不能返回Entity，因为只能是BLL援用DAL，不能DAL（Rrepository）援用BLL（Entity）啊！
实际上，Repository应该属于BLL。用ADO.NET能够更分明的看出它应该如何调用DAL：

public User GetByName(string name){    QueryHelper query = new QueryHelper();    DbDataReader reader = query.GetBy(        @"SELECT * FROM [User] WHERE [Name] = @name",         new SqlParameter("@name", name));    User user = new User();    reader.Read();    user.UserName = reader["Name"].ToString();    user.Password = reader["Password"].ToString();    return user;}

由此可见：

DAL返回的不能是BLL的对象，只能是DataReader/DataSet之类的数据库封装对象。
ORM超额完成了DAL的性能，^_^，更靠近于Repository。温习：DbContext的正文阐明
DbContext is a combination of the Unit Of Work and Repository patterns

Entity
须要被长久化（放到数据库）的类。

DTO和充血模式
DTO（Data Transfer Object）：用于数据传递的对象.

Entity必定是DTO（将数据从BLL传到UI），但除此以外，它还能有其余作用么？

贫血模式：Entity就只能存储数据，所以只能有属性，不能有办法。
充血模式：Entity除了存储数据还应该实现业务逻辑，所以不光有属性，还要有办法。
咱们抉择支流的“充血”模式。

业务逻辑实现
比方，给新用户（掉落）随机数量的帮帮币：

public int BMoney { get; set; }public void Register(){    BMoney += new Random().Next(10);}

在Controller外面的调用代码如下所示：

User user = new User{    UserName = model.UserName,    Password = model.Password,};user.Register();    //和数据库无关repository.Add(user);

留神：Repository模式和Entity业务逻辑的配合，是体现BLL价值（面向对象）的要害。

如果将业务逻辑简化成数据库的UPDATE操作（或者更简单的存储过程），就会造成“面向数据库”而不是“面向对象”的代码格调，BLL层也就没有存在的价值。

没有Repository
另外，因为Entity被Repository援用，所以Entity就不能再援用Repository（两个project之间不能互相援用）。

这给咱们带来的益处是：

Entity不依赖于特定的长久化形式，即它既能够被SQL存储，也能够被Nosql存储（如果需要的话）
Entity可能不便的被单元测试
然而，也可能给咱们的开发带来不便。（如何不便，一言难尽，碰到了就晓得……简略的说，就是一个对象只能通过援用取得关联对象，无奈取得通过Repository查问失去的对象）

所以，也有由Entity援用Repository，把Repository作为Entity汇合应用的（不举荐）。

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@想一想@：能不能够间接应用Enity作为MVC外面的Model？