一:背景

1. 讲故事

前几天群里有一位敌人聊到,为什么我在 Action 中执行一句 Response.Write 之后,后续的 View 就不出现了,如果脑子中没有画面,那就上测试代码:

    public class HomeController : Controller    {        public IActionResult Index()        {            Response.WriteAsync("hello world!");            return View();        }    }

后果还是挺有意思的,大家都晓得,默认状况下会渲染 /Home/Index 对应的 view 页面,但这里被 Response.WriteAsync 插了一杠子,气的 view 都渲染不进去了,那接下来就来找一找 view 为啥这么怄气?

二:寻找假相

1. 从 Logger 动手

置信很多人都在用 aspnetcore 中的 logger 记录日志,为什么要首选这个 logger 呢?因为它在 web框架 中是一等公民的存在,毕竟底层源码各处都嵌入着这玩意哈,轻易找点代码:

internal abstract class ActionMethodExecutor{    private Task ResultNext<TFilter, TFilterAsync>(ref ResourceInvoker.State next, ref ResourceInvoker.Scope scope, [Nullable(2)] ref object state, ref bool isCompleted) where TFilter : class, IResultFilter where TFilterAsync : class, IAsyncResultFilter    {        ResourceInvoker.ResultExecutingContextSealed resultExecutingContext3 = this._resultExecutingContext;        this._diagnosticListener.BeforeOnResultExecuting(resultExecutingContext3, tfilter);        this._logger.BeforeExecutingMethodOnFilter(filterType, "OnResultExecuting", tfilter);        tfilter.OnResultExecuting(resultExecutingContext3);        this._diagnosticListener.AfterOnResultExecuting(resultExecutingContext3, tfilter);        this._logger.AfterExecutingMethodOnFilter(filterType, "OnResultExecuting", tfilter);        if (this._resultExecutingContext.Cancel)        {            this._logger.ResultFilterShortCircuited(tfilter);            this._resultExecutedContext = new ResourceInvoker.ResultExecutedContextSealed(resultExecutingContext3, this._filters, resultExecutingContext3.Result, this._instance)            {                Canceled = true            };            goto IL_39E;        }    }}

而且大家想想,这种写法特地奇葩,我想底层框架中的 logger 定会有所反馈,接下来在启动程序的时候采纳 WebApplication1 的模式启动,如下图:

启动后,在管制台上能够看到一堆报错信息:

info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]      Now listening on: http://localhost:5000info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]      Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]      Hosting environment: Developmentinfo: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]      Content root path: E:\net5\WebApplication1\WebApplication1fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.DeveloperExceptionPageMiddleware[1]      An unhandled exception has occurred while executing the request.System.InvalidOperationException: Headers are read-only, response has already started.   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.Http.HttpHeaders.ThrowHeadersReadOnlyException()   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.Http.HttpHeaders.Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.IHeaderDictionary.set_Item(String key, StringValues value)   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.DefaultHttpResponse.set_ContentType(String value)   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ViewContext viewContext, String contentType, Nullable`1 statusCode)   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ActionContext actionContext, IView view, ViewDataDictionary viewData, ITempDataDictionary tempData, String contentType, Nullable`1 statusCode)   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewResultExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ActionContext context, ViewResult result)   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewResult.ExecuteResultAsync(ActionContext context)   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeResultAsync>g__Logged|21_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, IActionResult result)   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeNextResultFilterAsync>g__Awaited|29_0[TFilter,TFilterAsync](ResourceInvoker invoker, Task lastTask, State next, Scope scope, Object state, Boolean isCompleted)   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Rethrow(ResultExecutedContextSealed context)   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.ResultNext[TFilter,TFilterAsync](State& next, Scope& scope, Object& state, Boolean& isCompleted)   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.InvokeResultFilters()

异样信息非常明显:Headers are read-only, response has already started,大略就是说,header是只读的,response已是启动状态了,从调用堆栈的 ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync 处可看出,代码筹备渲染 view,在 set_ContentType 处遭逢异样,完结了后续渲染流程。

接下来一起看下,为什么会触发这个异样???

三: 调试源码寻找异样的起因

1. dnspy 调试

除了从异样堆栈中找到最早的异样代码处,这里还说一个小技巧,应用 ndspy 的 异样断点性能,在异样设置面板 定位 InvalidOperationException 异样即可。

接下来就能够让程序跑起来,当异样抛出时会主动断下来。

认真看一下图中的文字标注,还是很好了解的,接下来持续追一下: response.ContentType = contentType2; 外部都做了什么。

        public override string ContentType        {            get            {                return this.Headers[HeaderNames.ContentType];            }            set            {                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))                {                    this.HttpResponseFeature.Headers.Remove(HeaderNames.ContentType);                    return;                }                this.HttpResponseFeature.Headers[HeaderNames.ContentType] = value;            }        }

能够看到 外部是给 this.HttpResponseFeature.Headers 赋值的,持续往下追:

从图中能够看到,最初的 HttpHeader._isReadOnly =true 导致异样的产生,罪魁祸首哈,接下来钻研下这句 HttpHeader._isReadOnly=true 是何时被赋值的。

2. _isReadOnly=true 何时产生

这个问题就简略多了,必然是 Response.WriteAsync("hello world!"); 造成了 _isReadOnly=true ,在 HttpHeader 下有一个 SetReadOnly 办法用于对 _isReadOnly 字段的封装,代码如下:

internal abstract class HttpHeaders {    public void SetReadOnly()    {        this._isReadOnly = true;    }}        

接下来在该办法处下一个断点,持续调试,如下图:

从图中可看到,原来 Response.WriteAsync("hello world!") 是能够封闭 HttpHeaders的,后续任何再对 HttpHeader 的操作都是有效的。。。

其实大家也能够想一想,不同的response,必定会有不同的 header,要想叠加的话这辈子都不可能的,只能让前面的报错,如下:

1. response:HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Mon, 19 Oct 2020 14:37:54 GMTServer: KestrelTransfer-Encoding: chunkedchello world!2. view:HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Mon, 19 Oct 2020 14:39:01 GMTContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8Server: KestrelContent-Length: 2239

四: 总结

这篇就是对群聊天过程中抛出问题的集体探索,一家之言,不过挺有意思,大家也能够多用用调试工具寻找问题,证实问题,纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行,好了,心愿本篇对您有帮忙!

更多高质量干货:参见我的 GitHub: dotnetfly