前言
最近树莓派4b公布了8gb的版本,这么大的内存用在嵌入式设施上,几乎是为了深度计算而生,果决动手了一块,遂开启了一轮踩坑之旅。为了防止反复网上已有的树莓派教程,后续系列文章,我尽量以2020年为基准,先打造一个最新最稳固的软硬件开发环境,再在其上构建AI利用。比方抉择构建OpenCV 4.4,pyTorch 1.6和1.7,Tensorflow 2.1,而后在下面跑yolo v5利用,用intel NCS2减速等等…
这篇咱们先来选用一些必要的硬件设施,其中表明必备的,则是运行零碎所要求的,型号规格尽量保持一致,可选的局部可依据理论AI利用抉择即可。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> 树莓派4b(必备,4gb或8gb)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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树莓派4b(必备,4gb或8gb)
如果是开发折腾用举荐8gb版本,无论是tensorflow还是pytorch,甚至想在树莓派上开个chrome查下文档,都占相当大的内存。不过由理论应用来看,4gb的版本足已满足以后需要,性价比很高,估算无限的优先选择。而2gb的版本不举荐,在编译大型利用或跑推理模型的时候容易OOM,须要设置很大替换内存,会显著的拖慢编译速度,极度缩减tf卡的寿命。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> MircoSD卡(必备,举荐64gb)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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MircoSD卡(必备,举荐64gb)
倡议多买几张,树莓派上能够装置各种零碎,进行多个备份。举荐64g的是因为这是当下国产卡比拟成熟便宜的型号,20块左右,白菜价值得动手。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> 读卡器(必备)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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读卡器(必备)
烧写镜像或是读写配置文件都须要用到,SD卡套或usb读卡器都行,笔记本的话用卡套不便些。读卡器能够思考usb 3.0,不过大多数状况2.0的480Mbps匹配MircoSDXC的速度也够用了。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> 摄像头(必备)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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摄像头(必备)
跑CV类的AI利用必备,举荐采纳CSI的视频接口,树莓派的USB口太紧凑了,USB的摄像头不肯定有地位能够插。必要的时候还须要扩大一个USB HUB解决多外设的问题。如果要跑工业CV利用,能够选用 IMX477R 高清摄像头配相应的长焦和微距镜头。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> 散热外壳(必备)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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散热外壳(必备)
如果要长时间跑AI模型,几块散热片是远远不够的,举荐用乌金铠甲(间接在CPU上用3M的散热胶把热量引到整个外壳上)。这一代的树莓派CPU根底温度很高,轻易跑个桌面就50℃多了,满负荷状态下能够稳固的跑在85℃上一整天,必要的时候能够开启风扇降温(比拟吵)。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> 充电器5v3A(必备)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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充电器5v3A(必备)
官网电源和国产配套电源(带开关不便重启)都能满足需要,一般手机充电器个别才2A,有太多外设的话,电源的压力就很大。连贯太多外设的跑利用时候,会看到屏幕右上方的闪电亏电标记。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> 无线键盘鼠标(可选)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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无线键盘鼠标(可选)
如果想间接把树莓派当PC用,配一个Nano的无线键鼠,有物理输出设施,会不便调试代码。没有的话,也能够用VNC来远程桌面拜访,所以依据须要可选。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> HDMI 转接线(可选)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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HDMI 转接线(可选)
树莓派4b的HDMI口是micro的,如果要连贯HDMI的显示器,则须要一根micro HDMI视频线或者转接头。心愿双显示输入的话,那要买两根micro HDMI视频线,因为树莓派的视频接口很近,同插2个转接口会打架...
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> intel神经棒NCS2(可选)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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intel神经棒NCS2(可选)
AI利用往往是会进行大量浮点数计算,个别会采纳GPU进行运算,通过GPU弱小的浮点数运算能力,能够无效晋升神经网络运算的效力,但若是要将神经网络运算放到如树莓派的单板计算机进行运算,却往往受限于单板计算机的GPU运算效力,使得神经网络运算的速度有余。
尽管树莓派4b的运行速度是3b的3倍以上,但跑AI推理还是无奈达到实时(实测跑yolo v4s,0.3fps),然而透过单板计算机进行AIoT的利用促成了边缘运算技术的倒退,若单板计算机要在神经网络运算上取得较佳的运算效力,能够思考透过USB即插即用的外接神经运算安装解决神经网络运算的效力需要。
Google Coral Edge TPU USB减速棒 或者 intel Neural Compute Stick 2 都是能够应用的,就性价比来说,NCS2会更高些。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> usb延长线或usb hub(可选)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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usb延长线或usb hub(可选)
树莓派的USB口都集中在一起,直插设施的话(比方NCS2)会把其余的口都挡住,所以多外设的话,最好再配一些usb延长线或是usb hub扩大接口数量。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> 树莓派UPS或充电宝(可选)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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树莓派UPS或充电宝(可选)
如果想外出采集数据或是试验AI利用的话,还须要装备一个足够大的充电宝。前文提到一般充电宝接口电流最大2A,如要更大电流,就须要采纳两节18650那种提供稳固的电源反对。
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;">
<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> <section mpa-is-content="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t"> 树莓派 4G模块(可选)<mpchecktext contenteditable="false" id="1601710626254_0.06194475821511003"> </mpchecktext></strong></span> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-top: -4px;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-left: -6px; float: left; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <br> </section> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: -6px; float: right; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"> <span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;"></span> <br> </section> </section></section>
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树莓派 4G模块(可选)
在户外的车载我的项目或AIoT利用中,4G模块能够提供无线的近程连贯。能够提供云端推理或是传感器数据云端存储,实现4G高速上网,无线通信,打电话,发短信,寰球定位等性能。
# | 硬件清单 | 规格 |
---|---|---|
1 | 树莓派4b | 4gb,8gb |
2 | microSD卡 | 64gb |
3 | 读卡器 | 卡套 或 usb |
4 | 摄像头 | CSI 接口 |
5 | 散热外壳 | 乌金铠甲 |
6 | 充电器 | 5v 3A |
7 | 无线键盘鼠标 | (可选) |
8 | HDMI 转接线 | (可选) |
9 | intel神经棒NCS2 | (可选) |
10 | Usb延长线或usb hub | (可选) |
11 | 树莓派UPS或充电宝 | (可选) |
12 | 树莓派 4G模块 | (可选) |
上述器件动手后,一顿操作将他们组合到一起就搞定硬件平台了。
整体上来看,绝对于 NVIDIA的 Jetson 和Google的 Coral 而言,树莓派是一个比拟低廉的边缘计算设施,对于大规模对老本敏感的传感器网络来说,是一个很好的可选计划。
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<section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; background-image: url("https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TN05MmJLxMrlU7icJguGC4D6q0lvcvo6vFc30VQACctEHIiacKKiaZeZ2uicTnaibMZTyibyNICNibR5J2l1qntIw55Vw/640?wx_fmt=png"); background-repeat: no-repeat;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; background-image: url("https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fgnkxfGnnkR1uk8CRofebYK8wouGoGZiamS71qqvUc4bh8R0IUib4kgXctsCKMCl8aFnKs7mTewwzBiaWOZmbBCUA/640?wx_fmt=png"); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: right bottom;"> <section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 25px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; min-height: 1em;"> <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-size: 15px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">下一篇</span></strong> <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <strong mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-size: 14px;">咱们将搭建树莓派的软件环境,</strong> </p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <strong mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-size: 14px;">介绍一些罕用的工具软件,</strong> </p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <strong mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-size: 14px;">不便后续的开发工作,</strong> </p> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; line-height: 25.6px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <strong mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-size: 14px;">敬请期待…</strong> </p> </section> </section></section>
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下一篇预报
咱们将搭建树莓派的软件环境,
介绍一些罕用的工具软件,
不便后续的开发工作,
敬请期待…