Web开发
一、简介
应用SpringBoot;
1)、创立SpringBoot利用,选中咱们须要的模块;
2)、SpringBoot曾经默认将这些场景配置好了,只须要在配置文件中指定大量配置就能够运行起来
3)、本人编写业务代码;
主动配置原理
这个场景SpringBoot帮咱们配置了什么?能不能批改?能批改哪些配置?能不能扩大?xxx
xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮咱们给容器中主动配置组件;
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
- WebMvcAutoConfiguration
- WebMvcProperties
- ViewResolver主动配置
- 动态资源主动映射
- Formatter与Converter主动配置
- HttpMessageConverter主动配置
- 动态首页
- favicon
- 错误处理
二、SpringBoot对动态资源的映射规定
ResourceProperties定义了动态资源的拜访门路,还能够设置和动态资源无关的参数,缓存工夫等
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false) public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware { //动态资源的拜访门路 private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" }; /** * Locations of static resources. Defaults to classpath:[/META-INF/resources/, * /resources/, /static/, /public/]. */ private String[] staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS; //还能够设置和动态资源无关的参数,缓存工夫等
WebMvcAuotConfiguration: @Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled"); return; } Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**") .addResourceLocations( "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/") .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); //动态资源文件夹映射 if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations( this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } } //配置欢送页映射 @Bean public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping( ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern()); } //配置喜爱的图标 @Configuration @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true) public static class FaviconConfiguration { private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties; public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties; } @Bean public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() { SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping(); mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1); //所有 **/favicon.ico mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", faviconRequestHandler())); return mapping; } @Bean public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() { ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler(); requestHandler .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()); return requestHandler; } }
1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
webjars:以jar包的形式引入动态资源;
webjars官网
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在拜访的时候只须要写webjars上面资源的名称即可
<dependency> <groupId>org.webjars</groupId> <artifactId>jquery</artifactId> <version>3.3.1</version> </dependency>
2)、"/**" 拜访以后我的项目的任何资源,都去(动态资源的文件夹)找映射
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" "/":以后我的项目的根门路
localhost:8080/abc:去动态资源文件夹外面找abc
如果想要批改动态资源文件夹门路,能够在properties文件中配置spring.resources.static-locations
属性指定,指定之后默认文件夹会生效。
3)、欢送页; 动态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index页面
4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在动态资源文件下找(如果替换之后不失效可在浏览器ctrl+f5刷新);
例如:增加jquery的webjars
`<dependency> <groupId>org.webjars</groupId> <artifactId>jquery</artifactId> <version>3.4.1</version> </dependency>`
例如:增加jquery的webjars
拜访地址对应就是:http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
三、模板引擎
常见的模板引擎有JSP
、Velocity
、Freemarker
、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot举荐应用Thymeleaf;
语法更简略,性能更弱小;
1、引入thymeleaf
`<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency>`Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
如需切换thymeleaf版本:
`<properties> <thymeleaf.version>X.X.X.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> <!-- 布局性能的反对程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 --> <!-- thymeleaf2 layout1--> <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version> </properties>`Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
Thymeleaf应用
`package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf;......@ConfigurationProperties( prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")public class ThymeleafProperties { private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING; public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/"; public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html"; private boolean checkTemplate = true; private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true; private String prefix = "classpath:/templates/"; private String suffix = ".html"; private String mode = "HTML";`Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
默认只有咱们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/
,thymeleaf就能主动渲染;
应用:
创立模板文件
t1.html
,并导入thymeleaf的名称空间`<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">`
2、应用thymeleaf语法
(SpringBoot官网文档能够找到)
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title></head><body> <h1>胜利!</h1> <!--th:text 将div外面的文本内容设置为 --> <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢送信息</div></body></html>
3、语法规定
1)、th:text
--> 扭转以后元素外面的文本内容;
th:任意html属性
--> 来替换原生属性的值
2)、表达式
Simple expressions:(表达式语法) Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL; 1)、获取对象的属性、调用办法 2)、应用内置的根本对象: #ctx : the context object. #vars: the context variables. #locale : the context locale. #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object. #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object. #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object. #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object. ${session.foo} 3)、内置的一些工具对象:#execInfo : information about the template being processed.#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.#objects : methods for objects in general.#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.#arrays : methods for arrays.#lists : methods for lists.#sets : methods for sets.#maps : methods for maps.#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration). Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:抉择表达式:和${}在性能上是一样; 补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}: <div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div> Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容 Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL; @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')} Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段援用表达式 <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div> Literals(字面量) Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,… Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,… Boolean literals: true , false Null literal: null Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…Text operations:(文本操作) String concatenation: + Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|Arithmetic operations:(数学运算) Binary operators: + , - , * , / , % Minus sign (unary operator): -Boolean operations:(布尔运算) Binary operators: and , or Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , notComparisons and equality:(比拟运算) Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le ) Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符) If-then: (if) ? (then) If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else) Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)Special tokens: No-Operation: _
更多配置参考官网文档:https://www.thymeleaf.org/documentation.html
中文参考书册:https://www.lanzous.com/i7dzr2j
四、SpringMVC主动配置
官网文档
1. Spring MVC auto-configuration
Spring Boot为Spring MVC提供了主动配置,可与大多数应用程序完满配合。
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration
主动配置在Spring的默认值之上增加了以下性能:
- 蕴含
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
和BeanNameViewResolver
。--> 视图解析器 - 反对服务动态资源,包含对WebJars的反对(官网文档中有介绍)。--> 动态资源文件夹门路
- 主动注册
Converter
,GenericConverter
和Formatter
beans。--> 转换器,格式化器 - 反对
HttpMessageConverters
(官网文档中有介绍)。--> SpringMVC用来转换Http申请和响应的;User---Json; - 主动注册
MessageCodesResolver
(官网文档中有介绍)。--> 定义谬误代码生成规定 - 动态
index.html
反对。--> 动态首页拜访 - 定制
Favicon
反对(官网文档中有介绍)。--> 网站图标 - 主动应用
ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
bean(官网文档中有介绍)。
如果您想保留 Spring Boot MVC 的性能,并且须要增加其余 MVC 配置(拦截器,格式化程序和视图控制器等),能够增加本人的 WebMvcConfigurer
类型的 @Configuration
类,但不能带 @EnableWebMvc
注解。如果您想自定义 RequestMappingHandlerMapping
、RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
或者 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
实例,能够申明一个 WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter
实例来提供这些组件。
如果您想齐全掌控 Spring MVC,能够增加自定义注解了 @EnableWebMvc
的 @Configuration 配置类。
Spring Boot 主动配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:==(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)==
Inclusion of
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
andBeanNameViewResolver
beans.- 主动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:依据办法的返回值失去视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
- ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
- ==如何定制:咱们能够本人给容器中增加一个视图解析器;主动的将其组合进来;==
- Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).动态资源文件夹门路,webjars
- Static
index.html
support. 动态首页拜访 - Custom
Favicon
support (see below). favicon.ico 主动注册了 of
Converter
,GenericConverter
,Formatter
beans.- Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换应用Converter
Formatter
格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规定
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}
==本人增加的格式化器转换器,咱们只须要放在容器中即可==
Support for
HttpMessageConverters
(see below).- HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http申请和响应的;User---Json;
HttpMessageConverters
是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;==本人给容器中增加HttpMessageConverter,只须要将本人的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)==
- Automatic registration of
MessageCodesResolver
(see below).定义谬误代码生成规定 - Automatic use of a
ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
bean (see below).==咱们能够配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(增加到容器)==
初始化WebDataBinder;
申请数据=====JavaBean;
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有主动场景;
2、扩大SpringMVC
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/> <bean></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
编写一个配置类(@Configuration),实现接口WebMvcConfigurer;不能标注@EnableWebMvc;
既保留了所有的主动配置,也能用咱们扩大的配置;
//应用WebMvcConfigurer能够来扩大SpringMVC的性能 @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/config").setViewName("success"); } }
原理:
1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的主动配置类
2)、在做其余主动配置时会导入;WebMvcAutoConfiguration的外部类中有@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
WebMvcAutoConfiguration的外部类中有@Import(**EnableWebMvcConfiguration**.class) @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class) @EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class }) @Order(0) public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer { ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware { ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport { private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite(); @Autowired(required = false) public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) { if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) { this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers); } } @Override protected void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { this.configurers.addViewControllers(registry); } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- class WebMvcConfigurerComposite implements WebMvcConfigurer { private final List<WebMvcConfigurer> delegates = new ArrayList<>(); public void addWebMvcConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) { if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) { this.delegates.addAll(configurers); } } @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) { delegate.addViewControllers(registry); } }
3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;
4)、咱们的配置类也会被调用;
成果:SpringMVC的主动配置和咱们的扩大配置都会起作用;
3、全面接管SpringMVC;
SpringBoot对SpringMVC的主动配置不须要了,所有都是咱们本人配置;所有的SpringMVC的主动配置都生效了
咱们须要在配置类中增加@EnableWebMvc即可;
//应用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能够来扩大SpringMVC的性能 @EnableWebMvc @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // super.addViewControllers(registry); //浏览器发送 /atguigu 申请来到 success registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success"); } }
原理:
为什么@EnableWebMvc主动配置就生效了;
1)@EnableWebMvc的外围
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class) public @interface EnableWebMvc {
2)、
@Configuration public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
3)、
@Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class }) //容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个主动配置类才失效 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class) @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10) @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class }) public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最根本的性能;
4、如何批改SpringBoot的默认配置
模式:
1)、SpringBoot在主动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户本人配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才主动配置;如果有些组件能够有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和本人默认的组合起来;
2)、在SpringBoot中会有十分多的xxxConfigurer帮忙咱们进行扩大配置 ==
3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮忙咱们进行定制配置