简介

JDK是在始终在迭代更新的,很多咱们相熟的类也悄悄的增加了一些新的办法个性。比方咱们最罕用的HashMap。

明天给大家讲一下HashMap在JDK8中增加的两个新办法compute和merge,从而实现一行代码实现单词统计的性能。一起来看看吧。

爱在JDK8之前

JDK8为咱们引入了很多十分十分有用新个性,比方Stream和lambda表达式,能够让咱们的程序更加简洁。

如果咱们须要统计一个数组中单词呈现的次数该怎么做呢?

这里不是讲算法,所以能够间接应用HashMap:

public void countBefore8(){        Map<String,Integer> wordCount=  new HashMap<>();        String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"};        for(String word: wordArray){            //如果存在则加1,否则将值设置为1            if(wordCount.containsKey(word)) {                wordCount.put(word, wordCount.get(word) + 1);            }else{                wordCount.put(word, 1);            }        }    }

基本上流程是下面样子的。咱们对数组进行遍历,而后判断这个单词是否存在于hashMap中,如果存在则+1。

逻辑很简略,然而看起来有些臃肿。

别怕,咱们有JDK8。

JDK8中应用compute

先看下JDK8中compute的定义:

default V compute(K key,            BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {        Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);        V oldValue = get(key);        V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);        if (newValue == null) {            // delete mapping            if (oldValue != null || containsKey(key)) {                // something to remove                remove(key);                return null;            } else {                // nothing to do. Leave things as they were.                return null;            }        } else {            // add or replace old mapping            put(key, newValue);            return newValue;        }    }

能够看到compute有第二个参数BiFunction,BiFunction就是一个函数,输出两个参数,返回一个参数。

BiFunction的两个参数别离是key和key所对应的oldValue。

可思考到咱们的单词统计,咱们能够间接将oldValue+1 即可。所以应用compute,能够将办法改写为:

public void countAfter8WithCompute(){        Map<String,Integer> wordCount=  new HashMap<>();        String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"};        Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word ->{            wordCount.putIfAbsent(word,0);            wordCount.compute(word,(w,count)->count+1);        });    }

当然,咱们能够将putIfAbsent放到compute中:

public void countAfter8WithCompute2(){        Map<String,Integer> wordCount=  new HashMap<>();        String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"};        Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word -> wordCount.compute(word,(w, count)->count == null ? 1 : count + 1));    }

一行代码就实现了。

JDK8中应用merge

再看看merge办法:

default V merge(K key, V value,            BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {        Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);        Objects.requireNonNull(value);        V oldValue = get(key);        V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value :                   remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value);        if (newValue == null) {            remove(key);        } else {            put(key, newValue);        }        return newValue;    }

merge办法须要3个参数,第一个参数是key,第二个参数是key对应的oldValue为空的值,也就是为空的默认值,第三个参数是一个BiFunction参数。

不同的是BiFunction的第一个参数是oldValue,第二个参数是value。

生成newValue的逻辑是:如果oldValue不存在,则应用value。如果oldValue存在,则调用BiFunction对oldValue和Value进行合并。

咱们能够写出相应的代码如下:

 public void countAfter8WithMerge(){        Map<String,Integer> wordCount=  new HashMap<>();        String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"};        Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word->wordCount.merge(word, 1, (oldCount, one) -> oldCount + one));    }

前面的函数能够用Integer::sum代替:

 public void countAfter8WithMerge(){        Map<String,Integer> wordCount=  new HashMap<>();        String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"};        Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word->wordCount.merge(word, 1, Integer::sum));    }

本文的例子https://github.com/ddean2009/learn-java-base-9-to-20/tree/master/java-base

本文已收录于 http://www.flydean.com/wordcount-in-one-line/

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