简介
JDK是在始终在迭代更新的,很多咱们相熟的类也悄悄的增加了一些新的办法个性。比方咱们最罕用的HashMap。
明天给大家讲一下HashMap在JDK8中增加的两个新办法compute和merge,从而实现一行代码实现单词统计的性能。一起来看看吧。
爱在JDK8之前
JDK8为咱们引入了很多十分十分有用新个性,比方Stream和lambda表达式,能够让咱们的程序更加简洁。
如果咱们须要统计一个数组中单词呈现的次数该怎么做呢?
这里不是讲算法,所以能够间接应用HashMap:
public void countBefore8(){ Map<String,Integer> wordCount= new HashMap<>(); String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"}; for(String word: wordArray){ //如果存在则加1,否则将值设置为1 if(wordCount.containsKey(word)) { wordCount.put(word, wordCount.get(word) + 1); }else{ wordCount.put(word, 1); } } }
基本上流程是下面样子的。咱们对数组进行遍历,而后判断这个单词是否存在于hashMap中,如果存在则+1。
逻辑很简略,然而看起来有些臃肿。
别怕,咱们有JDK8。
JDK8中应用compute
先看下JDK8中compute的定义:
default V compute(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) { Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction); V oldValue = get(key); V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue); if (newValue == null) { // delete mapping if (oldValue != null || containsKey(key)) { // something to remove remove(key); return null; } else { // nothing to do. Leave things as they were. return null; } } else { // add or replace old mapping put(key, newValue); return newValue; } }
能够看到compute有第二个参数BiFunction,BiFunction就是一个函数,输出两个参数,返回一个参数。
BiFunction的两个参数别离是key和key所对应的oldValue。
可思考到咱们的单词统计,咱们能够间接将oldValue+1 即可。所以应用compute,能够将办法改写为:
public void countAfter8WithCompute(){ Map<String,Integer> wordCount= new HashMap<>(); String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"}; Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word ->{ wordCount.putIfAbsent(word,0); wordCount.compute(word,(w,count)->count+1); }); }
当然,咱们能够将putIfAbsent放到compute中:
public void countAfter8WithCompute2(){ Map<String,Integer> wordCount= new HashMap<>(); String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"}; Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word -> wordCount.compute(word,(w, count)->count == null ? 1 : count + 1)); }
一行代码就实现了。
JDK8中应用merge
再看看merge办法:
default V merge(K key, V value, BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) { Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction); Objects.requireNonNull(value); V oldValue = get(key); V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value : remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value); if (newValue == null) { remove(key); } else { put(key, newValue); } return newValue; }
merge办法须要3个参数,第一个参数是key,第二个参数是key对应的oldValue为空的值,也就是为空的默认值,第三个参数是一个BiFunction参数。
不同的是BiFunction的第一个参数是oldValue,第二个参数是value。
生成newValue的逻辑是:如果oldValue不存在,则应用value。如果oldValue存在,则调用BiFunction对oldValue和Value进行合并。
咱们能够写出相应的代码如下:
public void countAfter8WithMerge(){ Map<String,Integer> wordCount= new HashMap<>(); String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"}; Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word->wordCount.merge(word, 1, (oldCount, one) -> oldCount + one)); }
前面的函数能够用Integer::sum代替:
public void countAfter8WithMerge(){ Map<String,Integer> wordCount= new HashMap<>(); String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"}; Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word->wordCount.merge(word, 1, Integer::sum)); }
本文的例子https://github.com/ddean2009/learn-java-base-9-to-20/tree/master/java-base
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