在本知识点中,将演示如何应用注解的形式实现注入对象中的成果

步骤1:先运行,看到成果,再学习
步骤2:模拟和排错
步骤3:批改applicationContext.xml
步骤4:@Autowired
步骤5:运行测试
步骤6:@Autowired的地位
步骤7:@Resource
步骤8:对Bean的注解
步骤9:applicationContext.xml
步骤10:@Component
步骤11:运行测试

步骤 1 : 先运行,看到成果,再学习

老规矩,先下载下载区(点击进入)的可运行我的项目,配置运行起来,确认可用之后,再学习做了哪些步骤以达到这样的成果。

步骤 2 : 模拟和排错

在确保可运行我的项目可能正确无误地运行之后,再严格照着教程的步骤,对代码模拟一遍。
模拟过程不免代码有出入,导致无奈失去冀望的运行后果,此时此刻通过比拟正确答案 ( 可运行我的项目 ) 和本人的代码,来定位问题所在。
采纳这种形式,学习有成果,排错有效率,能够较为显著地晋升学习速度,跨过学习路上的各个槛。

举荐应用diffmerge软件,进行文件夹比拟。把你本人做的我的项目文件夹,和我的可运行我的项目文件夹进行比拟。
这个软件很牛逼的,能够晓得文件夹里哪两个文件不对,并且很显著地标记进去
这里提供了绿色装置和应用教程:diffmerge 下载和应用教程

步骤 3 : 批改applicationContext.xml

1. 在15行增加

<context:annotation-config/>

示意通知Spring要用注解的形式进行配置

2. 注入对象的21行正文掉,这个行为在前面将应用注解来实现

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xsi:schemaLocation="   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">    <context:annotation-config/>    <bean name="c" class="com.how2java.pojo.Category">        <property name="name" value="category 1" />    </bean>    <bean name="p" class="com.how2java.pojo.Product">        <property name="name" value="product1" />        <!--         <property name="category" ref="c" /> -->    </bean></beans>

步骤 4 : @Autowired

在Product.java的category属性前加上@Autowired注解

package com.how2java.pojo;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;public class Product {    private int id;    private String name;    @Autowired    private Category category;    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Category getCategory() {        return category;    }    public void setCategory(Category category) {        this.category = category;    }}

步骤 5 : 运行测试

package com.how2java.test;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import com.how2java.pojo.Product;public class TestSpring {    public static void main(String[] args) {        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" });        Product p = (Product) context.getBean("p");        System.out.println(p.getName());        System.out.println(p.getCategory().getName());    }}

步骤 6 : @Autowired的地位

除了后面的 在属性前加上@Autowired 这种形式外,也能够在setCategory办法前加上@Autowired,这样来达到雷同的成果

@Autowiredpublic void setCategory(Category category)

package com.how2java.pojo;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;public class Product {    private int id;    private String name;    private Category category;        public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Category getCategory() {        return category;    }    @Autowired    public void setCategory(Category category) {        this.category = category;    }}

步骤 7 : @Resource

除了@Autowired之外,@Resource也是罕用的伎俩

@Resource(name="c")private Category category;

package com.how2java.pojo;import javax.annotation.Resource;public class Product {    private int id;    private String name;    @Resource(name="c")    private Category category;    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Category getCategory() {        return category;    }    public void setCategory(Category category) {        this.category = category;    }}

步骤 8 : 对Bean的注解

上述例子是对注入对象行为的注解,那么bean对象自身,比方Category,Product可不可以移出applicationContext.xml配置文件,也通过注解进行呢?
接下来就解说如何对Bean进行注解配置

步骤 9 : applicationContext.xml

批改applicationContext.xml,什么都去掉,只新增:

<context:component-scan base-package="com.how2java.pojo"/>

其作用是通知Spring,bean都放在com.how2java.pojo这个包下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xsi:schemaLocation="   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">    <context:component-scan base-package="com.how2java.pojo"/></beans>

步骤 10 : @Component

为Product类加上@Component注解,即表明此类是bean

@Component("p")public class Product {

为Category 类加上@Component注解,即表明此类是bean

@Component("c")public class Category {

另外,因为配置从applicationContext.xml中移出来了,所以属性初始化放在属性申明上进行了。

private String name="product 1";private String name="category 1";
  • Product.java
  • Category.java
package com.how2java.pojo;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component("p")public class Product {    private int id;    private String name="product 1";    @Autowired    private Category category;    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Category getCategory() {        return category;    }    public void setCategory(Category category) {        this.category = category;    }}package com.how2java.pojo;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component("c")public class Category {    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    private int id;    private String name="category 1";}

步骤 11 : 运行测试

运行TestSpring,能够发现运行后果是一样的

package com.how2java.test;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import com.how2java.pojo.Product;public class TestSpring {    public static void main(String[] args) {        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" });        Product p = (Product) context.getBean("p");        System.out.println(p.getName());        System.out.println(p.getCategory().getName());    }}

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