测试类型
测试依据是否波及软件性能，分为 功能性测试 与 非功能性测试，前者包含单元测试、集成测试、零碎测试、接口测试、回归测试、验收测试，后者包含文档测试、装置测试、性能测试、可靠性测试、安全性测试。功能性测试验证了性能逻辑自身是否正确，非功能性测试验证的是除性能之外的逻辑。测试是软件用户信念的重要起源，而自动化测试就是建设这种信念的最高效伎俩，联合 CI 能够在代码产生变更的每个时刻主动执行测试保障工程的高质量。
写入自动化测试
本章将基于上一章已实现的工程 host1-tech/nodejs-server-examples - 13-debugging-and-profiling 应用 jest、benchmark 为店铺治理加上要害的功能性与非功能性自动化测试，在工程根目录执行相干模块装置命令：
$ yarn add -D jest supertest execa benchmark beautify-benchmark # 本地装置 jest、supertest、benchmark、beautify-benchmark、execa# ...info Direct dependencies├─ beautify-benchmark@0.2.4├─ benchmark@2.1.4├─ execa@4.0.3├─ jest@26.4.0└─ supertest@4.0.2# ...测试性能
当初就店铺治理的要害用例编写功能测试：
$ mkdir tests # 新建 tests 寄存测试配置脚本$ tree src -L 1 # 展现当前目录内容构造.├── Dockerfile├── database├── node_modules├── package.json├── public├── scripts├── src├── tests└── yarn.lock// tests/globalSetup.jsconst { commandSync } = require('execa');module.exports = () => { commandSync('yarn sequelize db:migrate');};// jest.config.jsmodule.exports = { globalSetup: '<rootDir>/tests/globalSetup.js',};// src/config/index.js// ...const config = { // ... // 测试配置 test: { db: { logging: false,+ storage: 'database/test.db', }, }, // ...};// ...// package.json{ "name": "13-debugging-and-profiling", "version": "1.0.0", "scripts": { "start": "node -r ./scripts/env src/server.js", "start:inspect": "cross-env CLUSTERING='' node --inspect-brk -r ./scripts/env src/server.js", "start:profile": "cross-env CLUSTERING='' 0x -- node -r ./scripts/env src/server.js", "start:prod": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production node -r ./scripts/env src/server.js",+ "test": "jest", "sequelize": "sequelize", "sequelize:prod": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production sequelize", "build:yup": "rollup node_modules/yup -o src/moulds/yup.js -p @rollup/plugin-node-resolve,@rollup/plugin-commonjs,rollup-plugin-terser -f umd -n 'yup'" }, // ...}// src/controllers/shop.test.jsconst supertest = require('supertest');const express = require('express');const { commandSync } = require('execa');const shopController = require('./shop');const { Shop } = require('../models');describe('controllers/shop', () => { const seed = '20200725050230-first-shop.js'; let server; beforeAll(async () => { commandSync(`yarn sequelize db:seed --seed ${seed}`); server = express().use(await shopController()); }); afterAll(() => commandSync(`yarn sequelize db:seed:undo --seed ${seed}`)); describe('GET /', () => { it('should get shop list', async () => { const pageIndex = 0; const pageSize = 10; const shopCount = await Shop.count({ offset: pageIndex * pageSize }); const res = await supertest(server).get('/'); expect(res.status).toBe(200); const { success, data } = res.body; expect(success).toBe(true); expect(data).toHaveLength(Math.min(shopCount, pageSize)); }); }); describe('GET /:shopId', () => { it('should get shop info', async () => { const shop = await Shop.findOne(); const res = await supertest(server).get(`/${shop.id}`); expect(res.status).toBe(200); const { success, data } = res.body; expect(success).toBe(true); expect(data.name).toBe(shop.name); }); }); describe('PUT /:shopId', () => { it('should update if proper shop info give', async () => { const shop = await Shop.findOne(); const shopName = '美珍香'; const res = await supertest(server).put( `/${shop.id}?name=${encodeURIComponent(shopName)}` ); expect(res.status).toBe(200); const { success, data } = res.body; expect(success).toBe(true); expect(data.name).toBe(shopName); }); it('should not update if shop info not valid', async () => { const shop = await Shop.findOne(); const shopName = ''; const res = await supertest(server).put( `/${shop.id}?name=${encodeURIComponent(shopName)}` ); expect(res.status).toBe(400); const { success, data } = res.body; expect(success).toBe(false); expect(data).toBeFalsy(); }); }); describe('POST /', () => { it('should create if proper shop info given', async () => { const oldShopCount = await Shop.count(); const shopName = '美珍香'; const res = await supertest(server).post('/').send(`name=${shopName}`); expect(res.status).toBe(200); const { success, data } = res.body; expect(success).toBe(true); expect(data.name).toBe(shopName); const newShopCount = await Shop.count(); expect(newShopCount - oldShopCount).toBe(1); }); it('should not create if shop info not valid', async () => { const shopName = ''; const res = await supertest(server).post('/').send(`name=${shopName}`); expect(res.status).toBe(400); const { success, data } = res.body; expect(success).toBe(false); expect(data).toBeFalsy(); }); }); describe('DELETE /:shopid', () => { it('should delete shop info', async () => { const oldShopCount = await Shop.count(); const shop = await Shop.findOne(); const res = await supertest(server).delete(`/${shop.id}`); expect(res.status).toBe(200); const { success } = res.body; expect(success).toBe(true); const newShopCount = await Shop.count(); expect(newShopCount - oldShopCount).toBe(-1); }); });});执行测试：
$ yarn test src/controllers # 执行 src/controllers 目录下的功能测试# ..._FAIL_ src/controllers/shop.test.js controllers/shop GET / ✓ should get shop list (37 ms) GET /:shopId ✓ should get shop info (8 ms) PUT /:shopId ✓ should update if proper shop info give (21 ms) ✓ should not update if shop info not valid (11 ms) POST / ✓ should create if proper shop info given (20 ms) ✓ should not create if shop info not valid (4 ms) DELETE /:shopid ✕ should delete shop info (13 ms) ● controllers/shop › DELETE /:shopid › should delete shop info expect(received).toBe(expected) // Object.is equality Expected: true Received: {"createdAt": "2020-08-16T08:00:05.063Z", "id": 470, "name": "美珍香", "updatedAt": "2020-08-16T08:00:05.154Z"} 111 | 112 | const { success } = res.body; > 113 | expect(success).toBe(true); | ^ 114 | 115 | const newShopCount = await Shop.count(); 116 | expect(newShopCount - oldShopCount).toBe(-1); at Object.<anonymous> (src/controllers/shop.test.js:113:23)Test Suites: 1 failed, 1 totalTests: 1 failed, 6 passed, 7 totalSnapshots: 0 totalTime: 3.06 sRan all test suites matching /src\/controllers/i.# ...发现 controllers/shop › DELETE /:shopid › should delete shop info 执行失败，依据提醒优化逻辑，而后再次执行测试（也能够应用 jest 的 --watch 参数主动从新执行）：
// src/services/shop.js// ...class ShopService { // ... async remove({ id, logging }) { const target = await Shop.findByPk(id); if (!target) { return false; }- return target.destroy({ logging });+ return Boolean(target.destroy({ logging })); } // ...}// ...$ yarn test src/controllers # 执行 src/controllers 目录下的功能测试# ..._PASS_ src/controllers/shop.test.js controllers/shop GET / ✓ should get shop list (39 ms) GET /:shopId ✓ should get shop info (9 ms) PUT /:shopId ✓ should update if proper shop info give (18 ms) ✓ should not update if shop info not valid (6 ms) POST / ✓ should create if proper shop info given (20 ms) ✓ should not create if shop info not valid (3 ms) DELETE /:shopid ✓ should delete shop info (9 ms)Test Suites: 1 passed, 1 totalTests: 7 passed, 7 totalSnapshots: 0 totalTime: 3.311 sRan all test suites matching /src\/controllers/i.# ...这样就有了对店铺治理性能最根本的自动化测试，思考到 escapeHtmlInObject 办法的高频应用，须要对此办法编写性能测试用例：
// src/utils/escape-html-in-object.test.jsconst escapeHtml = require('escape-html');const escapeHtmlInObject = require('./escape-html-in-object');describe('utils/escape-html-in-object', () => { it('should escape a string', () => { const input = `"'$<>`; expect(escapeHtmlInObject(input)).toEqual(escapeHtml(`"'$<>`)); }); it('should escape strings in object', () => { const input = { a: `"'$<>`, b: `<>$"'`, c: { d: `'"$><`, }, }; expect(escapeHtmlInObject(input)).toEqual({ a: escapeHtml(`"'$<>`), b: escapeHtml(`<>$"'`), c: { d: escapeHtml(`'"$><`), }, }); }); it('should escape strings in array', () => { const input = [`"'$<>`, `<>&"'`, [`'"$><`]]; expect(escapeHtmlInObject(input)).toEqual([ escapeHtml(`"'$<>`), escapeHtml(`<>&"'`), [escapeHtml(`'"$><`)], ]); }); it('should escape strings in object and array', () => { const input1 = { a: `"'$<>`, b: `<>$"'`, c: [`'"$><`, { d: `><&'"` }], }; expect(escapeHtmlInObject(input1)).toEqual({ a: escapeHtml(`"'$<>`), b: escapeHtml(`<>$"'`), c: [escapeHtml(`'"$><`), { d: escapeHtml(`><&'"`) }], }); const input2 = [`"'$<>`, `<>&"'`, { a: `'"$><`, b: [`><&'"`] }]; expect(escapeHtmlInObject(input2)).toEqual([ escapeHtml(`"'$<>`), escapeHtml(`<>&"'`), { a: escapeHtml(`'"$><`), b: [escapeHtml(`><&'"`)] }, ]); }); it('should keep none-string fields in object or array', () => { const input1 = { a: `"'$<>`, b: 1, c: null, d: true, e: undefined, }; expect(escapeHtmlInObject(input1)).toEqual({ a: escapeHtml(`"'$<>`), b: 1, c: null, d: true, e: undefined, }); const input2 = [`"'$<>`, 1, null, true, undefined]; expect(escapeHtmlInObject(input2)).toEqual([ escapeHtml(`"'$<>`), 1, null, true, undefined, ]); }); it('should convert sequelize model instance as plain object', () => { const input = { toJSON: () => ({ a: `"'$<>`, b: `<>$"'` }), }; expect(escapeHtmlInObject(input)).toEqual({ a: escapeHtml(`"'$<>`), b: escapeHtml(`<>$"'`), }); });});$ yarn test src/utils # 执行 src/utils 目录下的功能测试# ..._FAIL_ src/utils/escape-html-in-object.test.js utils/escape-html-in-object ✓ should escape a string (2 ms) ✓ should escape strings in object (1 ms) ✓ should escape strings in array ✓ should escape strings in object and array (1 ms) ✕ should keep none-string fields in object or array (3 ms) ✓ should convert sequelize model instance as plain object (1 ms) ● utils/escape-html-in-object › should keep none-string fields in object or array TypeError: Cannot convert undefined or null to object at Function.keys (<anonymous>) 16 | // } else if (input && typeof input == 'object') { 17 | const output = {}; > 18 | Object.keys(input).forEach((k) => { | ^ 19 | output[k] = escapeHtmlInObject(input[k]); 20 | }); 21 | return output; at escapeHtmlInObject (src/utils/escape-html-in-object.js:18:12) at forEach (src/utils/escape-html-in-object.js:19:19) at Array.forEach (<anonymous>) at escapeHtmlInObject (src/utils/escape-html-in-object.js:18:24) at Object.<anonymous> (src/utils/escape-html-in-object.test.js:64:12)Test Suites: 1 failed, 1 totalTests: 1 failed, 5 passed, 6 totalSnapshots: 0 totalTime: 1.027 sRan all test suites matching /src\/utils/i.# ...发现 utils/escape-html-in-object › should keep none-string fields in object or array 执行失败，依据提醒优化逻辑，而后再次执行测试：
// src/utils/escape-html-in-object.jsconst escapeHtml = require('escape-html');module.exports = function escapeHtmlInObject(input) { // 尝试将 ORM 对象转化为一般对象 try { input = input.toJSON(); } catch {} // 对类型为 string 的值本义解决 if (Array.isArray(input)) { return input.map(escapeHtmlInObject);- } else if (typeof input == 'object') {+ } else if (input && typeof input == 'object') { const output = {}; Object.keys(input).forEach((k) => { output[k] = escapeHtmlInObject(input[k]); }); return output; } else if (typeof input == 'string') { return escapeHtml(input); } else { return input; }};$ yarn test src/utils # 执行 src/utils 目录下的功能测试# ..._PASS_ src/utils/escape-html-in-object.test.js utils/escape-html-in-object ✓ should escape a string (2 ms) ✓ should escape strings in object (1 ms) ✓ should escape strings in array ✓ should escape strings in object and array (1 ms) ✓ should keep none-string fields in object or array (1 ms) ✓ should convert sequelize model instance as plain objectTest Suites: 1 passed, 1 totalTests: 6 passed, 6 totalSnapshots: 0 totalTime: 1.021 sRan all test suites matching /src\/utils/i.# ...性能测试
目前 escapeHtmlInObject 性能曾经正确执行，再次思考到此办法的高频应用，对此办法进一步做性能测试：
// src/utils/escape-html-in-object.perf.jsconst { Suite } = require('benchmark');const benchmarks = require('beautify-benchmark');const escapeHtmlInObject = require('./escape-html-in-object');const suite = new Suite();suite.add('sparse special chars', () => { escapeHtmlInObject(' & ');});suite.add('sparse special chars in object', () => { escapeHtmlInObject({ _: ' & ' });});suite.add('sparse special chars in array', () => { escapeHtmlInObject([' & ']);});suite.add('dense special chars', () => { escapeHtmlInObject(`"'&<>"'&<>""''&&<<>>`);});suite.add('dense special chars in object', () => { escapeHtmlInObject({ _: `"'&<>"'&<>""''&&<<>>` });});suite.add('dense special chars in object', () => { escapeHtmlInObject([`"'&<>"'&<>""''&&<<>>`]);});suite.on('cycle', (e) => benchmarks.add(e.target));suite.on('complete', () => benchmarks.log());suite.run({ async: false });执行测试：
$ node src/utils/escape-html-in-object.perf.js # 执行 escape-html-in-object.perf.js 6 tests completed. sparse special chars x 39,268 ops/sec ±1.39% (73 runs sampled) sparse special chars in object x 15,887 ops/sec ±1.11% (70 runs sampled) sparse special chars in array x 19,084 ops/sec ±1.24% (75 runs sampled) dense special chars x 39,504 ops/sec ±1.07% (89 runs sampled) dense special chars in object x 16,127 ops/sec ±1.04% (87 runs sampled) dense special chars in object x 20,288 ops/sec ±0.90% (94 runs sampled)发现执行指标比底层模块 escape-html 的低了若干数量级，走查代码狐疑 try-catch 语句引起内存调配与开释导致性能变差，因而尝试应用 if 语句进行替换：
// src/utils/escape-html-in-object.jsconst escapeHtml = require('escape-html');module.exports = function escapeHtmlInObject(input) { // 尝试将 ORM 对象转化为一般对象- try {- input = input.toJSON();- } catch {}+ if (input && typeof input == 'object' && typeof input.toJSON == 'function') {+ input = input.toJSON();+ } // 对类型为 string 的值本义解决 if (Array.isArray(input)) { return input.map(escapeHtmlInObject); } else if (input && typeof input == 'object') { const output = {}; Object.keys(input).forEach((k) => { output[k] = escapeHtmlInObject(input[k]); }); return output; } else if (typeof input == 'string') { return escapeHtml(input); } else { return input; }};而后再次执行测试：
$ node src/utils/escape-html-in-object.perf.js # 执行 escape-html-in-object.perf.js sparse special chars x 6,480,336 ops/sec ±1.19% (89 runs sampled) sparse special chars in object x 4,597,185 ops/sec ±1.12% (85 runs sampled) sparse special chars in array x 4,131,352 ops/sec ±0.73% (87 runs sampled) dense special chars x 3,512,408 ops/sec ±0.42% (89 runs sampled) dense special chars in object x 3,073,066 ops/sec ±0.45% (90 runs sampled) dense special chars in object x 3,153,604 ops/sec ±0.42% (95 runs sampled)发现性能指标与 escape-html 相近，表明推断正确。
执行相干功能测试进行回归测试：
$ yarn test src/utils # 执行 src/utils 目录下的功能测试# ..._PASS_ src/utils/escape-html-in-object.test.js utils/escape-html-in-object ✓ should escape a string (2 ms) ✓ should escape strings in object ✓ should escape strings in array (1 ms) ✓ should escape strings in object and array ✓ should keep none-string fields in object or array (1 ms) ✓ should convert sequelize model instance as plain objectTest Suites: 1 passed, 1 totalTests: 6 passed, 6 totalSnapshots: 0 totalTime: 1.049 sRan all test suites matching /src\/utils/i.# ...因为功能测试执行通过，表明性能保持良好，本次性能优化对原有性能不产生影响。
本章源码
host1-tech/nodejs-server-examples - 14-testing
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