外观模式
结构型模式
外观模式(Facade Pattern)暗藏零碎的复杂性,并向客户端提供了一个客户端能够拜访零碎的接口。它向现有的零碎增加一个接口,来暗藏零碎的复杂性。
这种模式波及到一个繁多的类,该类提供了客户端申请的简化办法和对现有零碎类办法的委托调用。
介绍
用意: 为子系统中的一组接口提供一个统一的界面,外观模式定义了一个高层接口,这个接口使得这一子系统更加容易应用。
次要解决: 升高拜访简单零碎的外部子系统时的复杂度,简化客户端与之的接口。
何时应用: 1、客户端不须要晓得零碎外部的简单分割,整个零碎只需提供一个"接待员"即可。 2、定义零碎的入口。
如何解决: 客户端不与零碎耦合,外观类与零碎耦合。
要害代码: 在客户端和简单零碎之间再加一层,这一层将调用程序、依赖关系等解决好。
具体实现
第一步:创立各个电影院设施
public class DVDPlayer { private DVDPlayer() { } private static DVDPlayer instance = new DVDPlayer(); public static DVDPlayer getInstance() { return instance; } public void on() { System.out.println("DVD关上了"); } public void off() { System.out.println("DVD敞开了"); } public void play() { System.out.println("DVD播放了"); } public void pause() { System.out.println("DVD暂停了"); }}
public class Popcorn { private Popcorn() { } private static Popcorn instance = new Popcorn(); public static Popcorn getInstance() { return instance; } public void on(){ System.out.println("爆米花机关上了"); } public void off(){ System.out.println("爆米花机关闭了"); } public void pop(){ System.out.println("爆米花机开始工作了"); } public void pause(){ System.out.println("爆米花机暂停了"); } }
public class Projector { private Projector() { } private static Projector instance = new Projector(); public static Projector getInstance() { return instance; } public void on() { System.out.println("投影仪关上了"); } public void off() { System.out.println("投影仪敞开了"); } public void play() { System.out.println("投影仪播放了"); } public void pause() { System.out.println("投影仪暂停了"); }}
public class Screen { private Screen() { } private static Screen instance = new Screen(); public static Screen getInstance() { return instance; } public void up() { System.out.println("屏幕回升了"); } public void down() { System.out.println("屏幕降落了"); }}
public class Stereo { private Stereo() { } private static Stereo instance = new Stereo(); public static Stereo getInstance() { return instance; } public void on() { System.out.println("立体声关上了"); } public void off() { System.out.println("平面敞开了"); }}
public class TheatreLight { private TheatreLight() { } private static TheatreLight instance = new TheatreLight(); public static TheatreLight getInstance() { return instance; } public void on() { System.out.println("灯光关上了"); } public void off() { System.out.println("灯光敞开了"); }}
第二步:创立一个外观类
public class HomeTheatreFacade { //定义各个子系统的对象 private TheatreLight theatreLight; private Popcorn popcorn; private Projector projector; private DVDPlayer dvdPlayer; private Screen screen; private Stereo stereo; public HomeTheatreFacade() { this.theatreLight = TheatreLight.getInstance(); this.popcorn = Popcorn.getInstance(); this.projector = Projector.getInstance(); this.dvdPlayer = DVDPlayer.getInstance(); this.screen = Screen.getInstance(); this.stereo = Stereo.getInstance(); } //操作分为4步 public void ready() { popcorn.on(); popcorn.pop(); screen.down(); projector.on(); stereo.on(); dvdPlayer.on(); theatreLight.off(); } public void play(){ dvdPlayer.play(); } public void pause(){ dvdPlayer.pause(); } public void end(){ popcorn.off(); screen.up(); theatreLight.on(); projector.off(); stereo.off(); dvdPlayer.off(); }}
第三步:创立测试
public class Client { public static void main(String[] args){ HomeTheatreFacade homeTheatreFacade = new HomeTheatreFacade(); homeTheatreFacade.ready(); homeTheatreFacade.play(); homeTheatreFacade.end(); }}
运行如下:
爆米花机关上了爆米花机开始工作了屏幕降落了投影仪关上了立体声关上了DVD关上了灯光敞开了DVD播放了爆米花机关闭了屏幕回升了灯光关上了投影仪敞开了平面敞开了DVD敞开了
长处:
1、缩小零碎相互依赖。 2、进步灵活性。 3、进步了安全性。
毛病:
不合乎开闭准则,如果要改货色很麻烦,继承重写都不适合。