一 代理模式
定义:在拜访指标对象的时候,提供一种间接拜访的办法,通过代理对象去拜访指标对象,达到客户端的目标。
益处:爱护指标对象;在指标对象的行为根底上,代理对象能够减少本人的解决,使得同一个指标对象能够满足不同的客户端的目标。
代理模式的模型:
波及三个角色:
RealSubject:指标对象,也是真正要做事件的人。
Proxy:代理对象,持有对指标对象的援用,裸露给客户端,通过操作指标对象来实现客户端的目标。并且,代理对象能够在操作指标对象的前后做一些自定义的行为,灵便扩大了指标对象。
Subject:指标对象和代理对象的形象,以便在任何应用指标对象的中央都能够应用代理对象。Subject能够是一个接口也能够是一个抽象类。
二 动态代理
以最简略的模式实现上述模型
public interface Subject { void doRequst();}public class RealSubject implements Subject { @Override public void doRequst() { System.out.println("it's the thing i really want to do"); }}public class Proxy implements Subject { private Subject subject; public Proxy(Subject subject){ this.subject = subject; } @Override public void doRequst() { System.out.println("before do the real thing"); subject.doRequst(); System.out.println("after do the real thing"); }}public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(new RealSubject()); proxy.doRequst(); }}/**before do the real thingit's the thing i really want to doafter do the real thing**/
这种实现形式即常说的动态代理,有几个方面的束缚:
1 代理对象和指标对象须要实现独特的接口,接口有变动,指标对象和代理对象都须要保护。
2 想要代理其余的指标对象,须要新增代理类。
三 动静代理
先看java实现动静代理的几个次要角色
1 Proxy :java.lang.reflect.Proxy,jdk api提供的代理类的主类,该类提供办法动静生成代理类,生成的时候须要指定一组接口(即代理类和指标对象要实现哪些接口)
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader var0, Class<?>[] var1, final InvocationHandler var2) throws IllegalArgumentException /**提供了这个静态方法用于动静生成代理类var0: 指标对象的类加载器var1: 代理类要实现哪些接口,即指标对象实现的接口var2: 处理器,代理类具体要做什么写在处理器中**/
2 InvocationHandler :java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler
/**@param proxy the proxy instance that the method was invoked on代理对象,执行invoke的时候其实是在替这个proxy执行@param method the {@code Method} instance corresponding tothe interface method invoked on the proxy instance. The declaringclass of the {@code Method} object will be the interface thatthe method was declared in, which may be a superinterface of theproxy interface that the proxy class inherits the method through.指标对象要执行的办法@param args an array of objects containing the values of thearguments passed in the method invocation on the proxy instance,or {@code null} if interface method takes no arguments.Arguments of primitive types are wrapped in instances of theappropriate primitive wrapper class, such as{@code java.lang.Integer} or {@code java.lang.Boolean}.执行办法须要的参数**/ public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable
java动静代理实例
public interface Subject { void doRequest();}public class RealSubject1 implements Subject { @Override public void doRequest() { System.out.println("RealSubject1 want to sing"); }}public class RealSubject2 implements Subject { @Override public void doRequest() { System.out.println("RealSubject2 want to dance"); }}public class RealInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler { private Object subject; public RealInvocationHandler(Object subject){ this.subject = subject; } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { System.out.println("before process"); Object result = method.invoke(subject,args); System.out.println("after process"); return result; }}public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { Subject realSubject1 = new RealSubject1(); InvocationHandler handler1 = new RealInvocationHandler(realSubject1); Subject subject1 = (Subject) Proxy.newProxyInstance(realSubject1.getClass().getClassLoader(),realSubject1.getClass().getInterfaces(),handler1); subject1.doRequest(); System.out.println("-----------------------"); Subject realSubject2 = new RealSubject2(); InvocationHandler handler2 = new RealInvocationHandler(realSubject2); Subject subject2 = (Subject)Proxy.newProxyInstance(realSubject2.getClass().getClassLoader(),realSubject2.getClass().getInterfaces(),handler2); subject2.doRequest(); }}/**before processRealSubject1 want to singafter process-----------------------before processRealSubject2 want to danceafter process**/
与动态代理做个比拟:
不须要挨个写代理类,想代理其余的,动静new一个代理类
相干源码解析
Proxy.newProxyInstance生成的代理具备什么以及为什么能够转换成指标对象
protected InvocationHandler h; public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces, InvocationHandler h) throws IllegalArgumentException{ // 校验handler if (h == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); } final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone(); final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager(); if (sm != null) { checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs); } /* * Proxy保护了一个proxyClassCache,如果想要的代理类曾经有实现了指定接口的loader定义好了,间接返回cache的备份 * 否则,通过ProxyClassFactory 生成一个代理类,实现指定的intfs */ Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs); /* * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler. */ try { //获取构造函数,将传进来的h赋给proxy外部持有的Invokerhanler对象 final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams); final InvocationHandler ih = h; if (sm != null && ProxyAccessHelper.needsNewInstanceCheck(cl)) { // create proxy instance with doPrivilege as the proxy class may // implement non-public interfaces that requires a special permission return AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() { public Object run() { return newInstance(cons, ih); } }); } else { return newInstance(cons, ih); } } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString()); }}
所以,Proxy生成的代理对象具备一个invokehandler对象的援用;并且实现了指标对象实现的接口,因为能够转换为指标对象的形象
InvokeHandler为什么能够实现指标对象办法的执行
如上述例子中指标对象RealSubject1要执行doRequest办法,Proxy生成的代理类也会实现这个办法,大略如下:
public final void doRequest() { //这个会调用invokehandler的invoke办法,这里的h即是父类Proxy的h,通过newProxyInstance传进来的 try { this.h.invoke(this, m3, null); return; } catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException) { throw localRuntimeException; } catch (Throwable localThrowable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable); } }
有了InvocationHandler 能够使Proxy从具体的代码逻辑抽离进去,更不便对立的生成代理类。
后续todo:
Proxy生成的代理对象的具体分析
method.invoke具体做了什么