CentOS7系统管理与运维实战
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本书目录构造如下:
第 1章开启 Linux系统管理与运维的大门.....................................1
1.1 你必须晓得的 Linux版本问题...............................................1
1.1.1 Linux的内核版本.............................................................1
1.1.2 Linux的发行版本.............................................................2
1.2 CentOS之于Linux............................................................2
1.2.1 CentOS简介 ..................................................................2
1.2.2 CentOS 7的最新改良.......................................................3
1.3 Linux运维工程师的技能 ........................................................3
1.3.1 零碎和零碎服务................................................................4
1.3.2 网络常识.........................................................................4
1.4 小结..................................................................................5
第 2章跟我学 CentOS的装置......................................................6
2.1 装置 CentOS必须晓得的基础知识...........................................6
2.1.1 磁盘分区.........................................................................6
2.1.2 动态分区的毛病及逻辑卷治理简介 ........................................7
2.1.3 虚拟化和 VMwareWorkstation简介...................................8
2.1.4 下载最新的 CentOS装置版本............................................. 9
2.2 装置 CentOS.....................................................................10
2.2.1 创立虚拟机......................................................................10
2.2.2 光盘装置 CentOS 7..........................................................12
2.2.3 U盘装置 CentOS 7...........................................................20
2.2.4 Windows 7 CentOS 7双系统装置 .....................................21
2.2.5 网络装置.........................................................................24
2.3 Linux的登录........................................................................24
2.3.1 首次配置与本地登录...........................................................25
2.3.2 近程登录..........................................................................27
2.4 从 CentOS 6.5降级到 CentOS7...........................................28
2.4.1 降级危险...........................................................................29
2.4.2 应用降级工具....................................................................29
2.5 小白装置过程中的问题 ............................................................31
2.5.1 Linux分区会笼罩原有Windows零碎吗.............................. 31
2.5.2 如何装置多个 Linux发行版................................................ 32
2.5.3 如何删除双系统中的Linux................................................32
2.5.4 主机连不上虚拟机装置的Linux零碎.................................... 33
2.6 Linux的目录构造.................................................................35
2.7 小结..................................................................................36
第 3章运维必备的网络管理技能.....................................................37
3.1 网络管理协定介绍.................................................................37
3.1.1 TCP/IP概述......................................................................38
3.1.2 UDP与 ICMP协定简介........................................................40
3.2 网络管理命令.........................................................................40
3.2.1 查看网络是否通顺或网络连接速度 ping................................. 40
3.2.2 配置网络或显示以后网络接口状态 ifconfig .......................... 42
3.2.3 显示增加或批改路由表route............................................. 44
3.2.4 复制文件至其余零碎 scp...................................................45
3.2.5 复制文件至其余零碎rsync...................................................46
3.2.6 显示网络连接、路由表或接口状态 netstat........................... 48
3.2.7 探测至目标地址的路由信息traceroute ............................... 49
3.2.8 测试、登录或管制近程主机telnet ..................................... 51
3.2.9 下载网络文件 wget.........................................................52
3.3 Linux网络配置.................................................................53
3.3.1 Linux网络相干配置文件...................................................53
3.3.2 配置 Linux零碎的 IP地址..................................................54
3.3.3 设置主机名......................................................................55
3.3.4 设置默认网关...............................................................55
3.3.5 设置 DNS服务器..........................................................56
3.4 Linux 防火墙iptables......................................................56
3.4.1 Linux内核防火墙的工作原理..............................................56
3.4.2 Linux软件防火墙 iptables..............................................59
3.4.3 iptables配置实例...........................................................62
3.5 Linux高级网络配置工具......................................................65
3.5.1 高级网络管理工具iproute2.............................................65
3.5.2 网络数据采集与剖析工具tcpdump .................................. 67
3.6 动静主机配置协定（DHCP）...............................................70
3.6.1 DHCP的工作原理.........................................................70
3.6.2 配置 DHCP服务器......................................................71
3.6.3 配置 DHCP客户端...................................................73
3.7 Linux域名服务DNS......................................................73
3.7.1 DNS简介..................................................................74
3.7.2 DNS服务器配置.........................................................74
3.7.3 DNS服务测试........................................................78
3.8 小结...........................................................................79
第 4章路由治理..............................................................80
4.1 意识路由..................................................................80
4.1.1 路由的基本概念.....................................................80
4.1.2 路由的原理............................................................82
4.1.3 Linux零碎中的路由表...............................................82
4.1.4 动态路由和动静路由................................................83
4.2 配置 Linux动态路由....................................................84
4.2.1 配置网络接口地址.....................................................84
4.2.2 接口 IP地址与直联路由..............................................87
4.2.3 route命令.............................................................88
4.2.4 Linux路由器配置实例.................................................90
4.3 Linux的策略路由..........................................................91
4.3.1 策略路由的概念.........................................................91
4.3.2 路由表治理 ...............................................................92
4.3.3 规定与路由治理.........................................................94
4.3.4 策略路由利用实例........................................................95
4.4 小结..............................................................................97
第 5章文件共享服务...............................................................98
5.1 网络文件系统（NFS）.....................................................98
5.1.1 NFS 简介 ...................................................................98
5.1.2 配置 NFS 服务器...........................................................99
5.1.3 配置 NFS客户端 ...........................................................103
5.2 文件服务器 Samba..........................................................103
5.2.1 Samba 服务简介.........................................................103
5.2.2 Samba服务装置配置...................................................104
5.3 FTP服务器.....................................................................107
5.3.1 FTP 服务概述..............................................................107
5.3.2 vsftp的装置与配置......................................................108
5.3.3 proftpd的装置与配置....................................................114
5.4 小结...............................................................................117
第 6章搭建 LAMP服务...........................................................118
6.1 Apache HTTP服务装置与配置...........................................118
6.1.1 HTTP协定简介.............................................................118
6.1.2 Apache服务的装置、配置与启动....................................120
6.1.3 Apache基于 IP的虚拟主机配置.....................................131
6.1.4 Apache基于端口的虚拟主机配置...................................134
6.1.5 Apache基于域名的虚拟主机配置...................................136
6.1.6 Apache安全控制与认证..............................................138
6.2 MySQL服务的装置与配置...............................................143
6.2.1 MySQL的版本抉择...................................................144
6.2.2 MySQL的版本命名机制...........................................144
6.2.3 MySQL rpm包装置................................................144
6.2.4 MySQL源码装置.....................................................146
6.2.5 MySQL程序介绍.....................................................149
6.2.6 MySQL配置文件介绍.................................................150
6.2.7 MySQL启动与进行...................................................152
6.3 PHP装置与配置............................................................158
6.4 LAMP集成装置、配置与测试实战 ...................................158
6.5 MySQL日常保护..........................................................163
6.5.1 MySQL权限治理......................................................163
6.5.2 MySQL日志治理.....................................................167
6.5.3 MySQL备份与复原................................................172
6.5.4 MySQL复制.........................................................179
6.5.5 MySQL复制搭建过程.............................................181
6.6 小结......................................................................185
第 7章搭建 LNMP服务..................................................186
7.1 LNMP服务装置与治理...........................................186
7.1.1 Nginx的装置与治理.............................................186
7.1.2 PHP装置..............................................................189
7.2 Nginx负载平衡与反向代理.........................................190
7.2.1 Nginx负载平衡设置................................................190
7.2.2 Nginx反向代理配置................................................191
7.3 集成 Nginx与 PHP..................................................193
7.3.1 spawn-fcgi集成形式.............................................193
7.3.2 php-fpm集成形式................................................196
7.4 LNMP实战............................................................198
7.4.1 第 1个 PHP程序................................................198
7.4.2 数据库连贯.......................................................198
7.4.3 记录查问...........................................................199
7.4.4 减少分页..........................................................202
7.4.5 增加记录...........................................................206
7.4.6 批改记录............................................................208
7.4.7 删除记录...........................................................212
7.5 小结...................................................................217
第 8章集群................................................................218
8.1 集群技术简介......................................................218
8.2 LVS 集群介绍.....................................................219
8.2.1 3种负载平衡技术...............................................219
8.2.2 负载平衡调度算法...............................................222
8.3 LVS 集群的体系结构 .............................................223
8.4 LVS负载平衡配置实例............................................224
8.4.1 基于 NAT模式的 LVS的装置与配置 ........................224
8.4.2 基于 DR模式的 LVS的装置与配置.......................... 228
8.4.3 基于 IP隧道模式的 LVS的装置与配置.....................231
8.5 利用集群搭建高可用 MySQL平台 ..........................233
8.5.1 高可用 MySQL平台的性能................................233
8.5.2 可选计划比照...................................................234
8.5.3 高可用 MySQL平台实现计划.............................. 235
8.5.4 搭建 MySQL集群............................................235
8.5.5 搭建负载平衡 LVS..........................................244
8.5.6 搭建双机热备HA..............................................249
8.5.7 我的项目测试......................................................252
8.6 小结................................................................254
第 9章双机热备.......................................................256
9.1 高可用性集群技术..............................................256
9.1.1 可用性和集群..................................................256
9.1.2 集群的分类......................................................257
9.2 双机热备开源软件 Pacemaker .............................257
9.2.1 Pacemaker概述.............................................258
9.2.2 Pacemaker装置与配置.............................258
9.2.3 Pacemaker资源配置..................................262
9.2.4 Pacemaker测试...........................................266
9.3 双机热备软件keepalived................................268
9.3.1 keepalived概述.........................................268
9.3.2 keepalived装置与配置..................................268
9.3.3 keepalived启动与测试..................................270
9.4 小结 .............................................................272
第 10章 KVM虚拟化和 oVirt虚拟化治理平台.............273
10.1 KVM虚拟化................................................273
10.1.1 装置 KVM虚拟化........................................273
10.1.2 KVM虚拟机的治理办法..................................276
10.1.3 应用图形工具创立虚拟机.................................277
10.1.4 应用virt-install创立虚拟机............................. 281
10.2 oVirt虚拟化治理平台....................................288
10.2.1 oVirt-engine虚拟化治理平台概述................. 288
10.2.2 oVirt治理平台的装置...................................288
10.2.3 oVirt Node装置........................................294
10.2.4 oVirt Node设置......................................298
10.2.5 oVirt虚拟化治理平台设置...........................299
10.2.6 配置资源..................................................302
10.2.7 建设虚拟机..............................................305
10.3 小结..........................................................307
第 11章 GlusterFS存储.......................................308
11.1 GlusterFS概述.........................................308
11.1.1 分布式文件系统.......................................308
11.1.2 GlusterFS概述......................................311
11.1.3 GlusterFS集群的模式............................313
11.2 GlusterFS部署和利用 ................................315
11.2.1 GlusterFS装置......................................315
11.2.2 配置服务和集群.......................................318
11.2.3 增加磁盘到集群......................................319
11.2.4 增加不同模式的GlusterFS磁盘............. 322
11.2.5 在 Linux中应用 GlusterFS存储............. 323
11.3 小结 .....................................................324
第 12章配置 OpenStack公有云............................325
12.1 OpenStack详情.....................................325
12.2 OpenStack零碎架构.................................326
12.2.1 OpenStack体系架构 ................................326
12.2.2 OpenStack部署形式............................327
12.2.3 计算模块Nova.........................................329
12.2.4 分布式对象存储模块Swift....................... 329
12.2.5 虚拟机镜像治理模块Glance....................330
12.2.6 身份认证模块Keystone.........................330
12.2.7 控制台 Horizon..............................................331
12.3 Openstack次要部署工具..............................332
12.3.1 Fuel.........................................332
12.3.2 TripleO..............................................332
12.3.3 RDO..........................................333
12.3.4 DevStack...................................333
12.4 通过 RDO部署 OpenStack...........................333
12.4.1 部署前的筹备...............................333
12.4.2 配置装置源...............................333
12.4.3 装置Packstack............................334
12.4.4 装置 OpenStack.......................334
12.5 治理 OpenStack.........................338
12.5.1 登录控制台.............................338
12.5.2 用户设置...................................340
12.5.3 治理用户..............................................341
12.5.4 治理镜像.................................342
12.5.5 治理云主机类型............................345
12.5.6 管理网络.................................347
12.5.7 治理实例........................................354
12.6 小结 ..............................................360
第 13章配置 OpenNebula云平台....................361
13.1 OpenNebula概述..................................361
13.1.1 云计算概述........................................... 361
13.1.2 OpenNebula概述 ................................ 362
13.2 OpenNebula装置....................................363
13.2.1 管制端环境配置....................................363
13.2.2 管制端装置...........................................365
13.2.3 客户端装置..........................................367
13.2.4 配置管制端和客户端.............................368
13.3 OpenNebula配置与利用.........................373
13.3.1 配置 VDC和集群...................................373
13.3.2 增加 KVM主机.....................................375
13.3.3 建设映像............................................377
13.3.4 增加虚构网络和模板............................382
13.3.5 创立并拜访虚拟机.................................383
13.4 小结..............................................384
附录 A Linux常用命令示例..............................385
A.1 文件治理.............................................385
A.1.1 复制文件cp........................................385
A.1.2 挪动文件mv....................................387
A.1.3 创立文件或批改文件工夫touch............. 388
A.1.4 删除文件 rm...............................389
A.1.5 查看文件.....................................391
A.1.6 查看文件或目录 find.......................394
A.1.7 过滤文本 grep............................395
A.1.8 比拟文件差别diff.............................399
A.1.9 在文件或目录之间创立链接ln ............... 400
A.1.10 显示文件类型file................................401
A.1.11 宰割文件 split............................402
A.1.12 合并文件 join..............................404
A.1.13 文件权限umask.............................405
A.1.14 文本操作 awk和 sed......................406
A.2 目录治理..........................................407
A.2.1 显示当前工作目录pwd.........................407
A.2.2 建设目录mkdir...................................408
A.2.3 删除目录 rmdir.............................409
A.2.4 扭转工作目录cd.........................410
A.2.5 查看工作目录文件ls........................411
A.2.6 查看目录树tree............................413
A.2.7 打包或解包文件tar........................414
A.2.8 压缩或解压缩文件和目录zip/unzip ...................... 415
A.2.9 压缩或解压缩文件和目录gzip/gunzip ............... 416
A.2.10 压缩或解压缩文件和目录bzip2/bunzip2 ............. 417
A.3 系统管理..................................................418
A.3.1 查看命令帮忙 man.....................................418
A.3.2 导出环境变量 export.............................419
A.3.3 查看历史记录history....................................420
A.3.4 显示或批改零碎工夫与日期date..................... 421
A.3.5 革除屏幕clear...........................................422
A.3.6 查看零碎负载uptime..............................422
A.3.7 显示零碎内存状态 free...........................422
A.3.8 转换或拷贝文件dd..................................423
A.4 工作治理 ................................................424
A.4.1 单次工作at........................................424
A.4.2 周期工作cron..................................425