对于中间件
狭义的中间件指操作系统以外可能为利用提供性能的软件,大到云计算厂商的各类服务,小到某一个字段的检测模块。Express 中间件特指基于 Express 中间件机制提供性能的软件模块。Express 在 3.x 及以前的版本依赖 Connect 作为底层提供中间件机制,从 4.x 版本开始内置了与 Connect 兼容的中间件机制,因而基于 Connect 的中间件都能间接在 Express 中应用。
Express 会将处理过程以队列的形式进行组织,在分派申请时,通过递归传递 next 办法顺次调用处理过程(详见源码):
写一个路由修改中间件
在上一章已实现的工程 host1-tech/nodejs-server-examples - 02-validate 有一个小小的问题,无法访问门路不标准的接口,比方无法访问 http://localhost:9000/api//shop:
当初通过中间件来解决此类问题:
$ mkdir src/middlewares # 新建 src/middlewares 目录寄存自定义中间件$ tree -L 2 -I node_modules # 展现除了 node_modules 之外的目录内容构造.├── Dockerfile├── package.json├── public│ ├── glue.js│ ├── index.css│ ├── index.html│ └── index.js├── src│ ├── controllers│ ├── middlewares│ ├── moulds│ ├── server.js│ └── services└── yarn.lock
// src/middlewares/urlnormalize.jsconst { normalize } = require('path');const { parse, format } = require('url');module.exports = function urlnormalizeMiddleware() { return (req, res, next) => { const pathname = normalize(req.path); const urlParsed = parse(req.url); let shouldRedirect = false; // 重定向不标准的门路 if (req.path != pathname) { urlParsed.pathname = pathname; shouldRedirect = true; } // 执行重定向或者略过 if (shouldRedirect) { res.redirect(format(urlParsed)); } else { next(); } };};
// src/middlewares/index.jsconst { Router } = require('express');const urlnormalizeMiddleware = require('./urlnormalize');module.exports = async function initMiddlewares() { const router = Router(); router.use(urlnormalizeMiddleware()); return router;};
// src/server.jsconst express = require('express');const { resolve } = require('path');const { promisify } = require('util');+const initMiddlewares = require('./middlewares');const initControllers = require('./controllers');// ...async function bootstrap() { server.use(express.static(publicDir)); server.use('/moulds', express.static(mouldsDir));+ server.use(await initMiddlewares()); server.use(await initControllers()); await promisify(server.listen.bind(server, port))(); console.log(`> Started on port ${port}`);}bootstrap();
拜访 http://localhost:9000/api//shop 即可看到主动重定向至无效路由:
补充店铺新增逻辑
到目前为止的店铺治理短少了店铺新增逻辑,因为 post 解析须要依赖 body-parser 这一中间件,所以才在本章补充这一性能。执行 body-parser 装置命令:
$ yarn add body-parser# ...info Direct dependencies└─ body-parser@1.19.0# ...
后端解决:
// src/services/shop.js// ...class ShopService { // ...+ async create({ values }) {+ await delay();++ const id = String(+ 1 ++ Object.keys(memoryStorage).reduce((m, id) => Math.max(m, id), -Infinity)+ );++ return { id, ...(memoryStorage[id] = values) };+ }}// ...
// src/controllers/shop.jsconst { Router } = require('express');+const bodyParser = require('body-parser');const shopService = require('../services/shop');const { createShopFormSchema } = require('../moulds/ShopForm');class ShopController { shopService; async init() { this.shopService = await shopService(); const router = Router(); router.get('/', this.getAll); router.get('/:shopId', this.getOne); router.put('/:shopId', this.put); router.delete('/:shopId', this.delete);+ router.post('/', bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }), this.post); return router; } // ...+ post = async (req, res) => {+ const { name } = req.body;++ try {+ await createShopFormSchema().validate({ name });+ } catch (e) {+ res.status(400).send({ success: false, message: e.message });+ return;+ }++ const shopInfo = await this.shopService.create({ values: { name } });++ res.send({ success: true, data: shopInfo });+ };}// ...
前端解决:
// public/index.js// ...export async function refreshShopList() { const res = await fetch('/api/shop'); const { data: shopList } = await res.json(); const htmlItems = shopList.map( ({ id, name }) => `<li data-shop-id="${id}"> <div data-type="text">${name}</div> <input type="text" placeholder="输出新的店铺名称" /> <a href="#" data-type="modify">确认批改</a> <a href="#" data-type="remove">删除店铺</a> <div class="error"></div></li>` ); document.querySelector('#root').innerHTML = `<h1>店铺列表:</h1>-<ul class="shop-list">${htmlItems.join('')}</ul>`;+<ul class="shop-list">${htmlItems.join('')}</ul>+<h1>店铺新增:</h1>+<form method="post" action="/api/shop">+ <label>新店铺的名称:</label>+ <input type="text" name="name" />+ <button type="submit" data-type="create">确认新增</button>+ <span class="error"></span>+</form>`;}export async function bindShopInfoEvents() { document.querySelector('#root').addEventListener('click', async (e) => { e.preventDefault(); switch (e.target.dataset.type) { case 'modify': await modifyShopInfo(e); break; case 'remove': await removeShopInfo(e); break;+ case 'create':+ await createShopInfo(e);+ break; } });}// ...+export async function createShopInfo(e) {+ e.preventDefault();+ const name = e.target.parentElement.querySelector('input[name=name]').value;++ try {+ await createShopFormSchema().validate({ name });+ } catch ({ message }) {+ e.target.parentElement.querySelector('.error').innerHTML = message;+ return;+ }++ await fetch('/api/shop', {+ method: 'POST',+ headers: {+ 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',+ },+ body: `name=${encodeURIComponent(name)}`,+ });++ await refreshShopList();+}
看一下店铺新增的成果:
本章源码
host1-tech/nodejs-server-examples - 03-middleware
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从零搭建 Node.js 企业级 Web 服务器(二):校验
从零搭建 Node.js 企业级 Web 服务器(三):中间件