前言
了解一个货色最好的方法之一就是入手本人写,So,他(Promise)来了。废话不多说,来看如何实现。
“五岳归来不看山,黄山归来不看岳。”心愿看完这篇,你就不必再去看其余 Promise 的实现原理了。
Promise 解析
先来看Promise
用法:
new Promise((resolve, reject) => { resolve('hello'); // or reject('hello')}) .then(res => {}) .catch(err => {}) -----------分割线// 合成一下,也就是上面这样let executor = (resolve, reject) => { resolve('hello'); // or reject('hello')} new Promise(executor) .then(res => {}) .catch(err => {})
咱们来剖析一下他有哪些性能/个性:
- [x] 1、构造函数里传一个函数的两个参数(resolve, reject)
- [x] 2、resolve 胜利时执行的回调
- [x] 3、reject 失败时执行的回调
[x] 4、三种状态
- pending [待定] 初始状态
- fulfilled [实现] 操作胜利
- rejected [被否决] 操作失败
- [x] 5、Promise 对象办法 then
- [x] 6、异步实现
- [x] 7、onFulfilled 和 onRejected 的异步调用
- [x] 8、值穿透
- [x] 9、Promise 对象办法 catch
- [x] 10、Promise 对象办法 all
- [x] 11、Promise 对象办法 race
- [x] 12、Promise 对象办法 resolve
- [x] 13、Promise 对象办法 reject
- [ ] 13、Promise 对象办法 allSettled(上个月 TC39 进去的新个性)
接下来,咱们要一一撕下他的假装,揭开他的真面目。
Promise 的根本构造实现
基于下面剖析后果,咱们先来实现后面三个性能:
- [x] 1、构造函数里传一个函数的两个参数(resolve, reject)
- [x] 2、resolve 胜利时执行的回调
- [x] 3、reject 失败时执行的回调
class Promise { constructor(executor) { // 定义 resolve let resolve = res => {} // 定义 reject let reject = err => {} // 主动执行 executor(resolve, reject); }}// 测试一下:new Promise((resolve, reject) => { console.log('执行到啦~')})
能够将下面代码复制到控制台执行,查看成果:
Promise 三种状态实现
Ok,fine,接下来,咱们来实现她的三种状态。
[x] 4、三种状态
- pending [待定] 初始状态
- fulfilled [实现] 操作胜利
- rejected [被否决] 操作失败
promise 状态有如下特点:
1.promise 对象初始化状态为 pending
2.当调用resolve(胜利),会由pending => fulfilled
3.当调用reject(失败),会由pending => rejected
Promsie 状态 只能由 pending => fulfilled/rejected, 一旦批改就不能再变
class Promise { constructor(executor) { this.status = "pending"; // 默认状态 this.value; // resolve 胜利时的值 this.error; // reject 失败时的值 let resolve = res => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.value = res; this.status = "resolved"; } } let reject = err => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.error = err; this.status = "rejected"; } } executor(resolve, reject); }}
1)pending [待定] 初始状态
测试一下,如果不去resolve,也不去reject
// 测试一下:new Promise((resolve, reject) => { })
那么Promise应该是初始状态。咱们将下面代码执行测试一下,失去后果如下:
此时状态是:{status: "pending"}
。
2)fulfilled [实现] 操作胜利
当咱们执行 resolve
// 测试一下:new Promise((resolve, reject) => { resolve('胜利啦~'); })
将失去后果如下:
3)rejected [被否决] 操作失败
当执行 reject
// 测试一下:new Promise((resolve, reject) => { resolve('失败啦~')})
Promise 对象办法 then 实现
- [x] 5、Promise 对象办法 then
Promise 这个对象有 then 办法,还是先来剖析,then 有什么?
then 承受两个回调
promise.then(onFulfilled, onRejected); // 这里假如 promise 继承于 Promise 类
咱们持续在后面 Promise 类中书写 then 办法:
class Promise { constructor(executor) { this.status = "pending"; // 默认promise状态 this.value; // resolve胜利时的值 this.error; // reject失败时的值 let resolve = res => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.value = res; this.status = "resolved"; } } let reject = err => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.error = err; this.status = "rejected"; } } executor(resolve, reject) } // 申明 then then(onFullfilled, onRejected) { if(this.status === "resolved") { onFullfilled(this.value) } if(this.status === "rejected") { onRejected(this.error) } } }
测试一下:
new Promise((resolve, reject) => { resolve("胜利啦~"); // 或 reject("失败啦~") }) .then(res => { console.log(res); }, err => { console.log(err); })
失去后果:
异步实现
- [x] 6、异步实现
至此,根本实现简略的同步代码,然而当 resolve 在 setTimeout
内执行,then 时 state 还是 pending 期待状态。咱们就须要在 then 调用的时候,将胜利和失败存到各自的数组,一旦 reject 或者 resolve,就调用它们。
相似于散布订阅,先将 then 内的两个函数存储,因为 promise 能够有多个 then,所以存在同一个数组内。当胜利或失败的时候用 forEach 调用他们。
class Promise { constructor(executor) { this.status = "pending"; // 默认promise状态 this.value; // resolve胜利时的值 this.error; // reject失败时的值+ this.resolveQueue = []; // 胜利寄存的数组+ this.rejectQueue = []; // 失败寄存法数组 let resolve = value => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.value = value; this.status = "resolved"; // 一旦resolve执行,调用胜利数组的函数+ this.resolveQueue.forEach(fn => fn()); } } let reject = value => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.error = value; this.status = "rejected"; } // 一旦reject执行,调用失败数组的函数+ this.rejectQueue.forEach(fn => fn()); } executor(resolve, reject) } // 执行到then的时候 then(onFullfilled, onRejected) { if(this.status === "resolved") { this.resolveQueue.push(() => { onFullfilled(this.value); }) } if(this.status === "rejected") { this.rejectQueue.push(() => { onRejected(this.error); }) } // 当状态state为pending时+ if(this.status === "pending") { // onFulfilled传入到胜利数组+ this.resolveQueue.push(() => {+ onFullfilled(this.value);+ }) // onRejected传入到失败数组+ this.rejectQueue.push(() => {+ onRejected(this.error);+ })+ } } }
then 的链式调用
- [x] 7、then 的链式调用
咱们经常用到new Promise().then().then()
这样的写法,这就是链式调用,原来是用于解决天堂回调的。那么如何去实现呢?
为了达到这个成果,咱们能够再第一个 then 函数内再返回一个 Promise
,让这个新的 Promise
返回的值传递到下一个 then 中。
一句话总结:
通过在 then 中 return 一个新的 Promise
,从而实现 then 的链式调用!
代码如下:
class Promise { constructor(executor) { this.status = "pending"; // 默认promise状态 this.value; // resolve 胜利时的值 this.error; // reject 失败时的值 this.resolveQueue = []; // 胜利时回调队列 this.rejectQueue = []; // 失败时回调队列 let resolve = value => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.value = value; this.status = "resolved"; this.resolveQueue.forEach(fn => fn()) } } let reject = value => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.error = value; this.status = "rejected"; this.rejectQueue.forEach(fn => fn()) } } executor(resolve, reject) } then(onFullfilled, onRejected) { let promise2; if(this.status === "resolved") { promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { let x = onFullfilled(this.value); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); }) } if(this.status === "rejected") { promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { let x = onRejected(this.value); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); }) } if(this.status === "pending") { promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { this.resolveQueue.push(() => { let x = onFullfilled(this.value); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); }) this.rejectQueue.push(() => { let x = onRejected(this.error); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); }) }) } return promise2; }}-------------------分割线// 将下面代码整顿一下class Promise { constructor(executor) { this.status = "pending"; // 默认promise状态 this.value; // resolve胜利时的值 this.error; // reject失败时的值 this.resolveQueue = []; // 胜利时回调队列 this.rejectQueue = []; // 失败时回调队列 let resolve = value => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.value = value; this.status = "resolved"; this.resolveQueue.forEach(fn => fn()) } } let reject = value => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.error = value; this.status = "rejected"; this.rejectQueue.forEach(fn => fn()) } } executor(resolve, reject) } then(onFullfilled, onRejected) { let promise2; promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { if(this.status === "resolved") { let x = onFullfilled(this.value); // resolvePromise函数,解决本人return的promise和默认的promise2的关系 resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); } if(this.status === "rejected") { let x = onRejected(this.value); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); } if(this.status === "pending") { this.resolveQueue.push(() => { let x = onFullfilled(this.value); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); }) this.rejectQueue.push(() => { let x = onRejected(this.error); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); }) } }); // 返回 promise,达成链式成果 return promise2; }}
最初,咱们来实现下面的 resolvePromise 函数,咱们暂且将第一个 then 返回的值成为 x,在这个函数中,咱们须要去判断 x 是不是 promise(这里是重点!):
- 是:则取他的后果,作为新的 promise2 胜利的后果
- 不是:间接作为新的 promise2 胜利的后果
resolvePromise 代码如下:
/** * 解决promise递归的函数 * * promise2 {Promise} 默认返回的promise * x {*} 咱们本人 return 的对象 * resolve * reject */ function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject){ // 循环援用报错 if(x === promise2){ // reject 报错抛出 return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise')); } // 锁,避免屡次调用 let called; // x 不是 null 且 x 是对象或者函数 if (x != null && (typeof x === 'object' || typeof x === 'function')) { try { // A+ 规定,申明then = x的then办法 let then = x.then; // 如果then是函数,就默认是promise了 if (typeof then === 'function') { // then 执行 第一个参数是 this 前面是胜利的回调 和 失败的回调 then.call(x, y => { // 胜利和失败只能调用一个 if (called) return; called = true; // 外围点2:resolve 的后果仍旧是 promise 那就持续递归执行 // 外围点2:resolve 的后果仍旧是 promise 那就持续递归执行 // 外围点2:resolve 的后果仍旧是 promise 那就持续递归执行 resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject); }, err => { // 胜利和失败只能调用一个 if (called) return; called = true; reject(err);// 失败了就失败了 }) } else { resolve(x); // 间接胜利即可 } } catch (e) { // 走到 catch 也属于失败 if (called) return; called = true; // 取then出错了那就不要在继续执行了 reject(e); } } else { resolve(x); }}
then 链式调用测试
残缺测试代码如下,能够复制进浏览器控制台执行下:
function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject){ // 循环援用报错 if(x === promise2){ // reject 报错抛出 return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise')); } // 锁,避免屡次调用 let called; // x不是null 且x是对象或者函数 if (x != null && (typeof x === 'object' || typeof x === 'function')) { try { // A+ 规定,申明then = x的then办法 let then = x.then; // 如果then是函数,就默认是promise了 if (typeof then === 'function') { // 就让then执行 第一个参数是this 前面是胜利的回调 和 失败的回调 then.call(x, y => { // 胜利和失败只能调用一个 if (called) return; called = true; // resolve的后果仍旧是promise 那就持续递归执行 resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject); }, err => { // 胜利和失败只能调用一个 if (called) return; called = true; reject(err);// 失败了就失败了 }) } else { resolve(x); // 间接胜利即可 } } catch (e) { // 也属于失败 if (called) return; called = true; // 取then出错了那就不要在继续执行了 reject(e); } } else { resolve(x); } }class Promise { constructor(executor) { this.status = "pending"; // 默认promise状态 this.value; // resolve胜利时的值 this.error; // reject失败时的值 this.resolveQueue = []; // 胜利时回调队列 this.rejectQueue = []; // 失败时回调队列 let resolve = value => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.value = value; this.status = "resolved"; this.resolveQueue.forEach(fn => fn()) } } let reject = value => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.error = value; this.status = "rejected"; this.rejectQueue.forEach(fn => fn()) } } executor(resolve, reject) } then(onFullfilled, onRejected) { let promise2; promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { if(this.status === "resolved") { let x = onFullfilled(this.value); // resolvePromise函数,解决本人return的promise和默认的promise2的关系 resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); } if(this.status === "rejected") { let x = onRejected(this.value); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); } if(this.status === "pending") { this.resolveQueue.push(() => { let x = onFullfilled(this.value); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); }) this.rejectQueue.push(() => { let x = onRejected(this.error); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); }) } }); // 返回 promise,达成链式成果 return promise2; }}// 测试以下代码new Promise((resolve, reject) => { resolve();}).then((res)=>{ console.log('进入第一个then!') return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{ resolve('hello world'); })}).then((res)=>{ console.log('进入第二个then!', res);})
ok,咱们实现了 then 的链式调用,这也是实现 Promise 中的重难点!
onFulfilled 和 onRejected 的异步调用
- [x] 8、onFulfilled 和 onRejected 的异步调用
外围思路:
用setTimeout解决异步问题
代码如下:
class Promise { constructor(executor) { this.status = "pending"; // 默认promise状态 this.value; // resolve胜利时的值 this.error; // reject失败时的值 this.resolveQueue = []; // 胜利时回调队列 this.rejectQueue = []; // 失败时回调队列 let resolve = value => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.value = value; this.status = "resolved"; this.resolveQueue.forEach(fn => fn()) } } let reject = value => { if(this.status === "pending") { this.error = value; this.status = "rejected"; this.rejectQueue.forEach(fn => fn()) } } executor(resolve, reject) } then(onFullfilled, onRejected) { let promise2; promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { if(this.status === "resolved") { // 异步+ setTimeout(() => { let x = onFullfilled(this.value); // resolvePromise函数,解决本人return的promise和默认的promise2的关系 resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);+ }, 0) } if(this.status === "rejected") { // 异步+ setTimeout(() => { let x = onRejected(this.value); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);+ }, 0) } if(this.status === "pending") { this.resolveQueue.push(() => { // 异步+ setTimeout(() => { let x = onFullfilled(this.value); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);+ }, 0) }) this.rejectQueue.push(() => { // 异步+ setTimeout(() => { let x = onRejected(this.error); resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);+ }, 0) }) } }); // 返回 promise,达成链式成果 return promise2; }}
值穿透调用
- [x] 9、值穿透
new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{ resolve('YoYo');}).then().then().then().then().then().then().then((res)=>{ console.log(res);})
当执行下面多个 then,咱们冀望最初那个 then 打印出 'YoYo'。
实现很简略:onFulfilled 如果不是函数,就疏忽 onFulfilled,间接返回 value!
相应的,咱们也要解决下没有 onRejected 的状况:onRejected 如果不是函数,就疏忽 onRejected,间接扔出谬误!
代码如下,在之前的 Promise 类的 then 退出:
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) { onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : value => value; onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : err => { throw err;} <!--... 省略-->}
Promise 对象办法 catch
- [x] 10、Promise 对象办法 catch
外围思路:
catch 是失败的回调,相当于执行 this.then(null,fn)
class Promise { constructor(executor) { <!--... 省略--> } then(onFullfilled, onRejected) { <!--... 省略--> } + catch(onRejected) {+ return this.then(null, onRejected)+ } }
此外,咱们还须要对其余几个函数外应用 try/catch 去做异样捕捉,这里不开展,了解即可(本文最初源码中会展现)。
Promise 对象办法 all
- [x] 10、Promise 对象办法 all
这是一道经典面试题!
Promise.all()
接管一个数组作为参数,该办法返回一个 Promise
实例,此实例在 iterable 参数内所有的 promise 都“实现(resolved)”或参数中不蕴含 promise 时回调实现(resolve);如果参数中 promise 有一个失败(rejected),此实例回调失败(reject),失败的起因是第一个失败 promise 的后果。
用法如下:
var p1 = Promise.resolve(3);var p2 = 1337;var p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(resolve, 100, 'foo');}); Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]).then(values => { console.log(values); // [3, 1337, "foo"] });
接下来看看如何实现:
上面手写的,没有测试,回头补充!上班先~
Promise.all = function(promises) { let count = 0; let res = []; return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { for(let i = 0; i<promises.length; i++) { promises[i].then(res => { res.push(res); count++; if(count === promises.length) resolve(res); }) } }) .catch(err => { reject(err); })}
Promise 对象办法 race
- [x] 11、Promise 对象办法 race
Promise.race() 它同样接管一个promise对象组成的数组作为参数,并返回一个新的promise对象。一旦迭代器中的某个promise解决或回绝,返回的 promise就会解决或回绝。
Promise.race = function(promises) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { for(let i = 0; i<promises.length; i++) { promises[i].then(resolve, reject); } })}
Promise 对象办法 resolve
- [x] 12、Promise 对象办法 resolve
Promise.resolve = function(value) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { resolve(value); })}
Promise 对象办法 reject
- [x] 13、Promise 对象办法 reject
Promise.reject = function(value) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { reject(value); })}
Promise 对象办法 allSettled
当课后作业吧,同学们本人写,能够放回复中哈~
Reference:
Promises/A+