从零开始webpack搭建react,redux利用
前言:
应用webpack曾经有些年头了,然而对于其中的一些根本配置还是只知其一;不知其二。为了成为一名优良的webpack配置工程师,也是学习了一把webpack,react的配置,特分享此次经验,并记录当中遇到的一些问题。当然当初的配置只是很根底的,心愿在当前的工作经验中,多多摸索,把一些webpack优化,react,redux最佳实际,都退出到其中。
文章目录
- webpack根底配置
- 配置react, less
- 引入antd,
- react-router的应用
- react-redux
- redux异步中间件的抉择 thunk/saga
- 我的项目优化:MiniCssExtractPlugin,路由切割懒加载,postcss-loader, url-loader, hmr,tree shaking,
- devserver proxy,本地mock数据
- lint & prettier
- 我的项目部署脚本
一. webpack根底配置
学习一个新技术,最好的获取形式便是浏览官网文档。(https://www.webpackjs.com/gui...)。通读当前,总结为以下几个要点。
- 初始化我的项目,装置依赖。
npm init -ynpm install webpack webpack-cli --save-dev
- 配置文件
// webpack.base.jsconst path = require('path');module.exports = { entry: './src/index.js', output: { filename: '[name].bundle.js', path: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'), },};// package.json"scripts": { "dev": "webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.base.js",},// dist/index.html<!doctype html><html><head> <title>hyt</title></head><body><script src="./main.bundle.js"></script></body></html>// src/index.jsfunction component() { var element = document.createElement('div'); element.innerHTML = 'hello world hyt'; return element;}document.body.appendChild(component());
- 接下来运行 npm run dev,查看dist下输入,发现多了一个main.bundle.js文件,关上咱们新建的index.html文件,能够看到如下,阐明咱们的webpack根底打包曾经可能应用了。
- 如果咱们更改了一个入口终点的名称,或者针对多入口增加了一个新的名称,又须要咱们手动去index.html中去更改,咱们能够应用HtmlWebpackPlugin动静生成index.html.
当然,防止咱们每次手动去清空dist文件下的内容,能够应用clean-webpack-plugin插件帮忙清空。
npm install html-webpack-plugin clean-webpack-plugin// webpack.base.jsconst path = require('path');const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin');const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');module.exports = { entry: './src/index.js', output: { filename: '[name].bundle.js', path: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'), }, plugins: [ new CleanWebpackPlugin(), new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ title: 'Output Management' }) ],};
这里能够看到,HtmlWebpackPlugin曾经帮忙咱们生成了html文件。
- 如上,咱们曾经把握了webpack打包编译的根本应用。
然而在日常开发中,每次批改完代码都须要手动执行webpack打包命令,很繁琐。这时候能够采纳 watch或者webpack-dev-server或者webpack-dev-middleware办法实现。较为罕用的是应用webpack-dev-server,不仅提供一个简略的 web 服务器,并且可能实时从新加载。
npm install --save-dev webpack-dev-serverconst path = require("path");const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require("clean-webpack-plugin");const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");module.exports = { entry: "./src/index.js", output: { filename: "[name].bundle.js", path: path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist"), }, devServer: { contentBase: './dist', open: true, port: 8888, }, plugins: [ new CleanWebpackPlugin(), new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ title: "Output Management", }), ],};
批改package.json
"scripts": { "dev": "webpack-dev-server --config webpackconfig/webpack.base.js", "watch": "webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.base.js --watch" },
执行 npm run dev,看看成果。
- webpack-dev-server诚然好用,然而只实用于开发环境,在生产环境中,咱们的指标则转向于关注更小的 bundle,更轻量的 source map,以及更优化的资源,以改善加载工夫。所以咱们能够依据不同的环境,加载不同的webpack配置。
webpack.base.js
是通用配置,webapck.dev.js
中是开发环境配置,webapck.prod.js
是生产环境配置。webpack-merge
能够帮住咱们很好的合并配置。
接下来拆分配置:
// webpack.base.jsconst path = require("path");const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require("clean-webpack-plugin");const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");module.exports = { entry: "./src/index.js", output: { filename: "[name].bundle.js", path: path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist"), }, plugins: [ new CleanWebpackPlugin(), new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ title: "Output Management", }), ],};
// webpack.dev.jsconst { merge } = require("webpack-merge");const base = require("./webpack.base");module.exports = merge(base, { mode: "development", devtool: "inline-source-map", devServer: { contentBase: "./dist", open: true, port: 8888, },});
const { merge } = require("webpack-merge");const webpack = require("webpack");const base = require("./webpack.base");module.exports = merge(base, { mode: "production", devtool: "source-map", plugins: [ new webpack.DefinePlugin({ "process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("production"), }), ],});
// package.json"scripts": { "dev": "webpack-dev-server --config webpackconfig/webpack.dev.js", "watch": "webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.base.js --watch", "prod": "webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.prod.js"},
到目前为止,一个小型的webpack打包利用曾经构建好了。接下来进入webpack利用中,引入react, css, less的解决。
二. 引入React, 解决css, less
- 装置React ,React-dom
npm install react react-domm
批改src/index.js,改为react组件格局代码。
import React from "react";import ReactDOM from "react-dom";const App = () => { return <div>hello world hyt</div>;};ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));
因为react-dom的渲染节点,须要挂在曾经存在的id=root节点上,所以咱们须要在生成的index.html中提前写入 root节点。此操作能够搭配之前提到的HtmlWebpackPlugin实现。增加template模板。
// src/template.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title> </head> <body> <div id="root"></div> </body></html>// webpack.base.jsnew HtmlWebpackPlugin({ title: 'hyt Management', template: './src/template.html',}),
接下来运行,npm run dev,果然,报错了。
提醒咱们,应该须要专门的loader去解决咱们的js/jsx文件。这时候,就是赫赫有名的babel退场了。babel能够帮忙咱们进行js文件的编译转换。
- babel
除了帮忙咱们对于高版本js语法转换以外,还能够解决react的jsx写法。
npm install babel-loader @babel/preset-env @babel/preset-react @babel/core
更改webpack.base.js中rules规定。
module: { rules: [ { test: /\.(js|jsx)$/, exclude: /node_modules/, use: [{ loader: "babel-loader" }], }, ],},
根目录新增.babelrc配置文件
{ "presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react"]}
接下来打包运行,npm run dev ,发现浏览器中终于显示了<div>hello world hyt</div>
的dom(为了显示一行dom,咱们费了这么大的功夫,不得不吐槽)。
- 接下来给页面加点款式。
有了方才js打包报错的教训,应该明确,要想退出css文件,也须要有专门的loader去解决css文件,得以运行。
npm install css-loader style-loader
css-loader解决css文件为webpack可辨认打包的,style-loader插入到页面style中。
rules: [ { test: /\.(js|jsx)$/, exclude: /node_modules/, use: [{ loader: "babel-loader" }], }, { test: /\.css$/, use: [ { loader: "style-loader", }, { loader: "css-loader", }, ], },]
// src/index.jsimport "./style.css";const App = () => { return <div className="hello">hello world hyt</div>;};// src/style.css.hello { font-size: 30px; color: blue;}
嗯,能够看到页面中有色彩了。。
这时候思考一个问题,如果在咱们其余组件中,也有同样名字的class,再其对应的css文件中,写了不同的款式,会有什么后果,试验一下。
// src/components/about/index.jsimport React from "react";import "./style.css";const About = (props) => { return <div className="hello">About</div>;};export default About;
// src/components/about/style.css.hello { color: red;}
// src/index.jsimport About from "./components/about";<About />
看下页面的展现,
发现color: red的款式并没有失效,关上控制台看下打包后的款式,名字一样的class,款式被笼罩了。
所以这个时候,就引入css modules的概念了,通过css-loader的配置,帮忙咱们实现css模块化。
{ test: /\.css$/, use: [ { loader: "style-loader", }, { loader: "css-loader", options: { modules: { localIdentName: "[name]__[local]--[hash:base64:5]", // css-loader >= 3.x,localIdentName放在modules里 }, }, }, ],}
更改js文件中引入形式。
import style from "./style.css";const About = (props) => { return <div className={style["hello"]}>About</div>;};index.js中同理
emm,款式果然失效了
- less
既然都用到css了,和不应用应用预处理less呢,可能更加提效咱们的开发。应用步骤和css大致相同,秩序多家less-loader先把less文件做一次转换,再走css-loader的流程。大略配置如下
npm install less-loader{ test: /\.less$/, use: [ { loader: "style-loader", // creates style nodes from JS strings }, { loader: "css-loader", // translates CSS into CommonJS options: { modules: { localIdentName: "[name]__[local]--[hash:base64:5]", // css-loader >= 3.x,localIdentName放在modules里 https://github.com/rails/webpacker/issues/2197 }, }, }, { loader: "less-loader", // compiles Less to CSS options: { lessOptions: { javascriptEnabled: true },// less@3.x,须要开启 配置项 javascriptEnabled: true }, }, ], },
把About中的css文件改为less应用即可。接下来能够安心的写代码了。
三. Antd的应用,以及less的别离解决
为了进步咱们的开发效率,在我的项目中引入antd组件库。
两种办法,全量引入css;或按需加载。(antd 4.x 的 JS 代码默认反对基于 ES modules 的 tree shaking。)https://ant.design/docs/react...
采纳按需加载的办法来构建我的项目。
npm install antd babel-plugin-import{ "presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react"], "plugins": [ [ "import", { "libraryName": "antd", "libraryDirectory": "es", "style": true // `style: 'css'` 会加载 css 文件 } ] ]}
发现款式并没有加载胜利。
起因是咱们方才在解决less文件时,没有辨别src 和 node_modules,导致antd的class也加了modules,没有加载到正确的款式。批改less loader为
{ test: /\.less$/, exclude: /node_modules/, // 这里做了批改 use: [ { loader: "style-loader", // creates style nodes from JS strings }, { loader: "css-loader", // translates CSS into CommonJS options: { modules: { localIdentName: "[name]__[local]--[hash:base64:5]", // css-loader >= 3.x,localIdentName放在modules里 https://github.com/rails/webpacker/issues/2197 }, }, }, { loader: "less-loader", // compiles Less to CSS options: { lessOptions: { javascriptEnabled: true }, }, }, ], }, { test: /\.less$/, include: /node_modules/, // 这里做了批改 use: [ { loader: "style-loader", // creates style nodes from JS strings }, { loader: "css-loader", // translates CSS into CommonJS }, { loader: "less-loader", // compiles Less to CSS options: { lessOptions: { javascriptEnabled: true }, }, // less@3.x,须要开启 配置项 javascriptEnabled: true, less-loader高版本须要lessOptions。 }, ], },
四. React-Router
接下来引入React-Router实现单页面利用。
具体用法可参考 https://reacttraining.com/rea...
npm install react-router-dom
批改index.js文件
import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";import Routes from "./Routes";const App = () => { return ( <BrowserRouter> <Routes /> </BrowserRouter> );};
新建Routes.js
import React from "react";import { Switch, Route, Link, Redirect } from "react-router-dom";import About from "./components/about";import User from "./components/user";const Routes = () => { return ( <div> <nav> <ul> <li> <Link to="/about">About</Link> </li> <li> <Link to="/user">User</Link> </li> </ul> </nav> <Switch> <Route path="/about" component={About} /> <Route path="/User" component={User} /> <Redirect to="/about" /> </Switch> </div> );};export default Routes;
留神咱们应用的是BrowserRouter,本地开发webpack devserver须要开启 historyApiFallback: true, 生产环境能够在nginx端try_files。
单页面利用ok了,接下来引入react-redux去治理咱们的数据流。
五. Ract-redux
为什么抉择redux来治理咱们的数据流,以及redux的设计原理,能够查看阮一峰老师的系列文章,这里只给出根本应用。http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blo...
几个比拟重要的概念,Provider,connect, creatStore, reducer, applyMiddleware,actions。
持续革新文件构造及内容
npm install redux react-redux
- sotre
// src/store.jsimport { createStore } from "redux";import reducers from "./reducers/index";const store = createStore(reducers, {});export default store;
- reducer
// src/reducers/index.jsimport { combineReducers } from "redux";const initialState = { name: "hyt",};function home(state = initialState, action) { switch (action.type) { case "TEST_REDUCER": return { ...state, }; default: return state; }}export default combineReducers({ home,});
- provider
// src/index.jsimport { Provider } from "react-redux";import Routes from "./Routes";import store from "./store";const App = () => { return ( <Provider store={store}> <BrowserRouter> <Routes /> </BrowserRouter> </Provider> );};
- connect
新建容器组件container/home.js
import React from "react";import { connect } from "react-redux";const Home = (props) => { return <div>Home,{props.data.name}</div>;};export default connect((state) => ({ data: state.home }))(Home);
- 同样在route中引入home组件。
import Home from "./containers/home";const Routes = () => { return ( <div> <nav> <ul> ... <li> <Link to="/home">Home</Link> </li> </ul> </nav> <Switch> ... <Route path="/home" component={Home} /> <Redirect to="/about" /> </Switch> </div> );};
这是路由localhost:8080/home下就能够显示出 hello,hyt的数据。
- dispatch actions
下面曾经获取到了store中的数据,接下来dispatch去扭转store中的数据,因为组件订阅了store(connect),页面数据源会主动渲染变更。
6.1 增加action types常量
// src/constants/actionTypes.jsexport const SET_USER_NAME = "SET_USER_NAME";
6.2 扭转store的action
// src/actions/homeAction.jsimport { SET_USER_NAME } from "../constants/actionsType";export function setName(payload) { return { type: SET_USER_NAME, payload };}
6.3 承受actions的reducer
// src/reducers/index.jsimport { SET_USER_NAME } from "../constants/actionsType";const initialState = { name: "hyt",};function home(state = initialState, action) { switch (action.type) { case SET_USER_NAME: return { ...state, name: action.payload.name, }; default: return state; }}
6.4 组件触发actions。减少了mapDispatchToProps。props.setName()
// src/containers/home.jsimport React, { useEffect } from "react";import { connect } from "react-redux";import { setName } from "../actions/homeAction";const Home = (props) => { useEffect(() => { setTimeout(() => { props.setName({ name: "wjh", }); }, 3000); }, []); return <div>Home,{props.data.name}</div>;};const mapDispatchToProps = { setName,};export default connect( (state) => ({ data: state.home }), mapDispatchToProps)(Home);
当初页面中的,hello,hyt 会在三秒后变成 hello,wjh。
六. redux中间件,thunk/saga
当初咱们解决的是同步数据,接下来咱们引入redux中间件,去解决异步action函数。
批改store,
npm install redux-thunk
// src/store.jsimport { createStore, applyMiddleware } from "redux";import thunk from "redux-thunk";import reducers from "./reducers/index";const store = createStore(reducers, {}, applyMiddleware(thunk));export default store;
// src/actions/homeAction.jsexport function getName(payload) { return (dispatch) => { return Promise.resolve().then((res) => { dispatch({ type: SET_USER_NAME, payload: { name: "fetch mock", }, }); return res; }); };}
// src/containers/home.jsconst Home = (props) => { useEffect(() => { setTimeout(() => { // props.setName({ // name: "wjh", // }); props.getName(); }, 3000); }, []); return <div>Home,{props.data.name}</div>;};const mapDispatchToProps = { setName, getName,};
页面上曾经变成了 hello,fetch mock.
saga的应用能够间接参考 https://github.com/hytStart/J...
七. 我的项目优化
- 路由切割懒加载。应用import() + react-loadable实现。
npm install react-loadable
批改Routes中组件引入形式,达到按路由拆分
js模块
import Loadable from "react-loadable";const MyLoadingComponent = (props) => { if (props.pastDelay) { return <div>Loading...</div>; } return null;};const User = Loadable({ loader: () => import("./components/user"), loading: MyLoadingComponent, delay: 300,});
能够看到控制台js bundle加载。
- 热更新HMR
因为当初咱们每改一下代码,都能够看到刷新一次页面,于是之前的路由跳转状态、表单中填入的数据都会重置。对于开发人员过程很不不便,这时候就引出咱们的热更新了,不会造成页面刷新,而是进行模块的替换。
// webpack.dev.jsmodule.exports = merge(base, { mode: "development", devtool: "inline-source-map", devServer: { contentBase: "./dist", open: true, port: 8888, historyApiFallback: true, hot: true, // +++++++ },});
// index.jsconst App = () => { return ( <Provider store={store}> <BrowserRouter> <Routes /> </BrowserRouter> </Provider> );};++++if (module.hot) { module.hot.accept();}++++ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));
- url-loader & file-loader
当初咱们的我的项目中还没有专门的loader去解决图片,
file-loader 能够指定要复制和搁置资源文件的地位,以及如何应用版本哈希命名以取得更好的缓存。此外,这意味着 你能够就近治理图片文件,能够应用相对路径而不必放心部署时 URL 的问题。应用正确的配置,webpack 将会在打包输入中主动重写文件门路为正确的 URL。
url-loader 容许你有条件地将文件转换为内联的 base-64 URL (当文件小于给定的阈值),这会缩小小文件的 HTTP 申请数。如果文件大于该阈值,会主动的交给 file-loader 解决。
减少如下配置
npm install file-loader url-loader// webpack.base.js{ test: /\.(mp4|ogg)$/, use: [ { loader: 'file-loader', }, ], }, { test: /\.(png|jpg|jpeg|gif|eot|svg|ttf|woff|woff2)$/, use: [ { loader: 'url-loader', options: { limit: 8192, }, }, ], },
- MiniCssExtractPlugin
该插件将CSS提取到独自的文件中。它为每个蕴含CSS的JS文件创建一个CSS文件。它反对CSS和SourceMap的按需加载。
4.1 应用mini-css-extract-plugin
npm install --save-dev mini-css-extract-plugin
批改webpack.base.js中对于css,
less的配置,替换掉style-loader(不在须要把style插入到html中,而是通过link引入)。
{ test: /\.css$/, use: [ // { // loader: "style-loader", // }, { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, options: { esModule: true, hmr: process.env.NODE_ENV === "dev", reloadAll: true, }, }, { loader: "css-loader", options: { modules: { localIdentName: "[name]__[local]--[hash:base64:5]", // css-loader >= 3.x,localIdentName放在modules里 https://github.com/rails/webpacker/issues/2197 }, }, }, ], }, { test: /\.less$/, exclude: /node_modules/, use: [ // { // loader: "style-loader", // creates style nodes from JS strings // }, { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, options: { esModule: true, hmr: process.env.NODE_ENV === "dev", reloadAll: true, }, }, { loader: "css-loader", // translates CSS into CommonJS options: { modules: { localIdentName: "[name]__[local]--[hash:base64:5]", // css-loader >= 3.x,localIdentName放在modules里 https://github.com/rails/webpacker/issues/2197 }, }, }, { loader: "less-loader", // compiles Less to CSS options: { lessOptions: { javascriptEnabled: true }, }, }, ], }, { test: /\.less$/, include: /node_modules/, use: [ // { // loader: "style-loader", // creates style nodes from JS strings // }, { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, options: { esModule: true, hmr: process.env.NODE_ENV === "dev", reloadAll: true, }, }, { loader: "css-loader", // translates CSS into CommonJS }, { loader: "less-loader", // compiles Less to CSS options: { lessOptions: { javascriptEnabled: true }, }, // less@3.x,须要开启 配置项 javascriptEnabled: true, less-loader高版本须要lessOptions。 }, ], },
4.2 如上配置,减少hrm配置
hmr: process.env.NODE_ENV === "dev"
同时在package.json scripts中注入环境变量
"scripts": { "dev": "NODE_ENV=dev webpack-dev-server --config webpackconfig/webpack.dev.js", "watch": "NODE_ENV=dev webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.base.js --watch", "prod": "webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.prod.js"},
4.3 plugin配置
plugins: [ new CleanWebpackPlugin(), new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ title: "Output Management", template: "./src/template.html", }), new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ // Options similar to the same options in webpackOptions.output // both options are optional filename: "[name].css", chunkFilename: "[id].css", }), ],
到目前为止,咱们曾经依据引入文件的形式,拆散除了css,做到了按需加载。然而当初能够查看打包进去的css文件是没有通过压缩的。
4.4 减少optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin来压缩css代码,然而这时又会呈现另外一个问题,optimization.minimizer会笼罩webpack提供的默认设置,因而还需减少terser-webpack-plugin来压缩js代码。
npm install --save-dev optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin terser-webpack-plugin
// webapack.base.jsconst OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin = require("optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin");const TerserJSPlugin = require("terser-webpack-plugin");plugins: [ new CleanWebpackPlugin(), new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ title: "Output Management", template: "./src/template.html", }), new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ // Options similar to the same options in webpackOptions.output // both options are optional filename: "[name].css", chunkFilename: "[id].css", }),],optimization: { minimizer: [new TerserJSPlugin({}), new OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin({})],},
- tree shaking
https://webpack.docschina.org...
mode: 'production'