此系列文档:

1. 我终于弄懂了Python的装璜器(一)

2. 我终于弄懂了Python的装璜器(二)

3. 我终于弄懂了Python的装璜器(三)

4. 我终于弄懂了Python的装璜器(四)

三、装璜器应该在何时发挥作用?

当初有个大问题:

我能够应用装璜器做什么?

装璜器看起来很酷而且功能强大,然而展现一个理论的例子会更清晰。
应用的场景有1000种可能性。然而经典用法:

  • 通过内部库来扩大函数的行为(在您不能对其进行批改的状况下)。
  • 用于调试(您不心愿对其进行批改,因为它是长期的)。
  • 重复使用性能,能够通过装璜器来加到其余多个函数上。

您能够应用它们以链式的形式扩大多个性能,如下所示:

def benchmark(func):    """    装璜器,打印函数执行破费的工夫。    """    import time    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):        t = time.clock()        res = func(*args, **kwargs)        print("{0} {1}".format(func.__name__, time.clock()-t))        return res    return wrapperdef logging(func):    """    装璜器,记录脚本的流动。(它实际上只是打印进去,但可能是在记录日志!)    """    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):        res = func(*args, **kwargs)        print("{0} {1} {2}".format(func.__name__, args, kwargs))        return res    return wrapperdef counter(func):    """    装璜器,计算并打印执行性能的次数    """    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):        wrapper.count = wrapper.count + 1        res = func(*args, **kwargs)        print("{0} has been used: {1}x".format(func.__name__, wrapper.count))        return res    wrapper.count = 0    return wrapper@counter@benchmark@loggingdef reverse_string(string):    return str(reversed(string))print(reverse_string("Able was I ere I saw Elba"))print(reverse_string("A man, a plan, a canoe, pasta, heros, rajahs, a coloratura, maps, snipe, percale, macaroni, a gag, a banana bag, a tan, a tag, a banana bag again (or a camel), a crepe, pins, Spam, a rut, a Rolo, cash, a jar, sore hats, a peon, a canal: Panama!"))#输入:#reverse_string ('Able was I ere I saw Elba',) {}#wrapper 0.0#wrapper has been used: 1x #ablE was I ere I saw elbA#reverse_string ('A man, a plan, a canoe, pasta, heros, rajahs, a coloratura, maps, snipe, percale, macaroni, a gag, a banana bag, a tan, a tag, a banana bag again (or a camel), a crepe, pins, Spam, a rut, a Rolo, cash, a jar, sore hats, a peon, a canal: Panama!',) {}#wrapper 0.0#wrapper has been used: 2x#!amanaP :lanac a ,noep a ,stah eros ,raj a ,hsac ,oloR a ,tur a ,mapS ,snip ,eperc a ,)lemac a ro( niaga gab ananab a ,gat a ,nat a ,gab ananab a ,gag a ,inoracam ,elacrep ,epins ,spam ,arutaroloc a ,shajar ,soreh ,atsap ,eonac a ,nalp a ,nam A

当然,应用装璜器的益处是您能够立刻在简直所有内容上应用它们而无需重写。比方:

@counter@benchmark@loggingdef get_random_futurama_quote():    from urllib import urlopen    result = urlopen("http://subfusion.net/cgi-bin/quote.pl?quote=futurama").read()    try:        value = result.split("<br><b><hr><br>")[1].split("<br><br><hr>")[0]        return value.strip()    except:        return "No, I'm ... doesn't!"print(get_random_futurama_quote())print(get_random_futurama_quote())#输入:#get_random_futurama_quote () {}#wrapper 0.02#wrapper has been used: 1x#The laws of science be a harsh mistress.#get_random_futurama_quote () {}#wrapper 0.01#wrapper has been used: 2x#Curse you, merciful Poseidon!
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