<h1> 全栈的自我涵养: Axios 的简略应用 </h1>

You should never judge something you don't understand.

你不应该去评判你不理解的事物。

Table of Contents

  • 介绍
  • 简略应用

    • GET
    • DELETE
    • PUT
    • POST
    • PATCH
    • 汇总
  • 应用 application/x-www-form-urlencoded

    • 形式一:应用 URLSearchParams
    • 形式二:应用 qs 进行编码
  • 应用 multipart/form-data
  • Response 构造
  • Config 罕用配置
  • 参考

介绍

Axios 是一个基于 Promise 的 HTTP 库,能够用在浏览器和 node.js 中。

Github开源地址: https://github.com/axios/axios

如果你原来用过 jQuery 应该还记的 $.ajax 办法吧

简略应用

如果依照HTTP办法的语义来裸露资源,那么接口将会领有安全性和幂等性的个性,例如GET和HEAD申请都是平安的, 无论申请多少次,都不会扭转服务器状态。而GET、HEAD、PUT和DELETE申请都是幂等的,无论对资源操作多少次, 后果总是一样的,前面的申请并不会产生比第一次更多的影响。

上面列出了 GETDELETEPUT, PATCHPOST 的典型用法:

GET

axios#get(url[, config])

从办法申明能够看出

  1. 第一个参数url必填,为申请的url
  2. 第二个参数 config 选填, 对于config 的属性见下文

GET 办法用来查问服务资源, 不应该在这里对服务资源进行批改

  1. 应用get 办法进行申请,参数能够间接拼接在 url 中
axios.get('/user?id=12345')  .then(response => {    // 如果胜利返回(http 状态码在 200~300),则可获取对应的 response    console.log(response);  })  .catch(error => {    // 异样    console.log(error);  })  .then(() => {    // always executed  });
  1. 应用get 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会拼接在url 中
let request_params = { id: 123456 }axios.get('/user', {    params: request_params  })  .then(function (response) {    console.log(response);  })  .catch(function (error) {    console.log(error);  })  .then(function () {    // always executed  });

DELETE

axios#delete(url[, config])

从办法申明能够看出

  1. 第一个参数url必填,为申请的url
  2. 第二个参数 config 选填, 对于config 的属性见下文

DELETE 用来删除一个资源,不平安但幂等

  1. 应用 DELETE 办法进行申请,参数能够间接拼接在 url 中
axios.delete('/user?id=12345')  .then(response => {    // 如果胜利返回(http 状态码在 200~300),则可获取对应的 response    console.log(response);  })  .catch(error => {    // 异样    console.log(error);  })  .then(() => {    // always executed  });
  1. 应用 DELETE 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会拼接在url 中
let request_params = { id: 123456 }axios.delete('/user', {    params: request_params  })  .then(function (response) {    console.log(response);  })  .catch(function (error) {    console.log(error);  })  .then(function () {    // always executed  });
  1. 应用 DELETE 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会在申请体中
let request_params = { id: 123456 }axios.delete('/user', {    data: request_params  })  .then(function (response) {    console.log(response);  })  .catch(function (error) {    console.log(error);  })  .then(function () {    // always executed  });

PUT

axios#put(url[, data[, config]])

从办法申明能够看出

  1. 第一个参数url必填,为申请的url
  2. 第二个参数data选填,为申请的参数,且在申请体中
  3. 第二个参数 config 选填, 对于config 的属性见下文
  1. 不平安但幂等
  2. 通过替换的形式更新资源
常见应用形式
  1. 应用 PUT 办法进行申请,参数能够间接拼接在 url 中

更新资源

axios.put('/user?id=12345&name=abc')  .then(response => {    // 如果胜利返回(http 状态码在 200~300),则可获取对应的 response    console.log(response);  })  .catch(error => {    // 异样    console.log(error);  })  .then(() => {    // always executed  });
  1. 应用 PUT 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会在申请体中
let request_params = { id: 123456, name: "abc" }axios.post('/user', request_params,  .then(function (response) {    console.log(response);  })  .catch(function (error) {    console.log(error);  })  .then(function () {    // always executed  });

POST

axios#post(url[, data[, config]])

从办法申明能够看出

  1. 第一个参数url必填,为申请的url
  2. 第二个参数data选填,为申请的参数,且在申请体中
  3. 第二个参数 config 选填, 对于config 的属性见下文
  1. 不平安且不幂等
  2. 创立资源
常见应用形式
  1. 应用 POST 办法进行申请,参数能够间接拼接在 url 中

创立id为123456的用户

axios.post('/user?id=12345&name=abc')  .then(response => {    // 如果胜利返回(http 状态码在 200~300),则可获取对应的 response    console.log(response);  })  .catch(error => {    // 异样    console.log(error);  })  .then(() => {    // always executed  });
  1. 应用 POST 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会在申请体中
let request_params = { id: 123456, name: "abc" }axios.post('/user', request_params,  .then(function (response) {    console.log(response);  })  .catch(function (error) {    console.log(error);  })  .then(function () {    // always executed  });

PATCH

axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])

从办法申明能够看出

  1. 第一个参数url必填,为申请的url
  2. 第二个参数data选填,为申请的参数,且在申请体中
  3. 第二个参数 config 选填, 对于config 的属性见下文
  1. 不平安且不幂等
  2. 在服务器更新资源(客户端提供扭转的属性,局部更新)
常见应用形式
  1. 应用 PATCH 办法进行申请,参数能够间接拼接在 url 中

更新id为123456的用户资源

axios.patch('/user?id=12345&name=abc')  .then(response => {    // 如果胜利返回(http 状态码在 200~300),则可获取对应的 response    console.log(response);  })  .catch(error => {    // 异样    console.log(error);  })  .then(() => {    // always executed  });
  1. 应用 PATCH 办法进行申请,参数独自作为一个对象传入, 该参数会在申请体中
let request_params = { id: 123456, name: "abc" }axios.patch('/user', request_params,  .then(function (response) {    console.log(response);  })  .catch(function (error) {    console.log(error);  })  .then(function () {    // always executed  });

汇总

从下面的示例中能够看出

axios.get(url[, config])axios.delete(url[, config])axios.post(url[, data[, config]])axios.put(url[, data[, config]])axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])

其中 POSTPUTPATCH 的应用形式是统一的,只是形式名http method 存在差别, 那他们的区别在什么中央呢

GET:从服务器取出资源(一项或多项)。POST:在服务器新建一个资源。PUT:在服务器更新资源(客户端提供扭转后的残缺资源)。PATCH:在服务器更新资源(客户端提供扭转的属性)。DELETE:从服务器删除资源。

应用 application/x-www-form-urlencoded

在默认状况下,data 中数据采纳了 JSON 序列化形式,即 Content-Type: application/json, 如果想应用 application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 则须要做非凡解决

形式一:应用 URLSearchParams

const params = new URLSearchParams();params.append('id', '123456');params.append('name', 'abc');axios.post('/user', params);

其中 URLSearchParams 存在兼容问题,具体可见caniuse

形式二:应用 qs 进行编码

import qs from 'qs';axios.post('/user', qs.stringify({ id: 123456, name: "abc" }));

应用 multipart/form-data

const form = new FormData();form.append('id', 123456);form.append('name', "abc");axios.post('user', form, { headers: form.getHeaders() })

Response 构造

{  // `data` is the response that was provided by the server  // response 返回数据  data: {},  // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response  // 状态码  status: 200,  // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response  // 状态码对应的规范message  statusText: 'OK',  // `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with  // All header names are lower cased and can be accessed using the bracket notation.  // Example: `response.headers['content-type']`  // 响应头  headers: {},  // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request  config: {},  // `request` is the request that generated this response  // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)  // and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser  request: {}}

Config 罕用配置

{  // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request  url: '/user',  // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request  method: 'get', // default  // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.  // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs  // to methods of that instance.  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',  // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server  // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'  // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,  // FormData or Stream  // You may modify the headers object.  transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {    // Do whatever you want to transform the data    return data;  }],  // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before  // it is passed to then/catch  transformResponse: [function (data) {    // Do whatever you want to transform the data    return data;  }],  // `headers` are custom headers to be sent  headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},  // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request  // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object  params: {    ID: 12345  },  // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params`  // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/)  paramsSerializer: function (params) {    return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'})  },  // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body  // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH'  // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:  // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams  // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob  // - Node only: Stream, Buffer  data: {    firstName: 'Fred'  },    // syntax alternative to send data into the body  // method post  // only the value is sent, not the key  data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',  // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.  // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.  timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)  // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests  // should be made using credentials  withCredentials: false, // default  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.  auth: {    username: 'janedoe',    password: 's00pers3cret'  },  // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with  // options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'  //   browser only: 'blob'  responseType: 'json', // default  // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)  // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests  responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default  // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js  maxContentLength: 2000,  // `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed  maxBodyLength: 2000,  // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given  // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`  // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be  // rejected.  validateStatus: function (status) {    return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default  },}

更多配置参考 https://github.com/axios/axios

参考

  1. https://github.com/axios/axios