今天来和小伙伴们聊一聊 Spring Security 中的异常处理机制。

在 Spring Security 的过滤器链中,ExceptionTranslationFilter 过滤器专门用来处理异常,在 ExceptionTranslationFilter 中,我们可以看到,异常被分为了两大类:认证异常和授权异常,两种异常分别由不同的回调函数来处理,今天松哥就来和大家分享一下这里的条条框框。

1.异常分类

Spring Security 中的异常可以分为两大类,一种是认证异常,一种是授权异常。

认证异常就是 AuthenticationException,它有众多的实现类:

可以看到,这里的异常实现类还是蛮多的,都是都是认证相关的异常,也就是登录失败的异常。这些异常,有的松哥在之前的文章中都和大家介绍过了,例如下面这段代码(节选自:Spring Security 做前后端分离,咱就别做页面跳转了!统统 JSON 交互):

resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();RespBean respBean = RespBean.error(e.getMessage());if (e instanceof LockedException) {    respBean.setMsg("账户被锁定,请联系管理员!");} else if (e instanceof CredentialsExpiredException) {    respBean.setMsg("密码过期,请联系管理员!");} else if (e instanceof AccountExpiredException) {    respBean.setMsg("账户过期,请联系管理员!");} else if (e instanceof DisabledException) {    respBean.setMsg("账户被禁用,请联系管理员!");} else if (e instanceof BadCredentialsException) {    respBean.setMsg("用户名或者密码输入错误,请重新输入!");}out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(respBean));out.flush();out.close();

另一类就是授权异常 AccessDeniedException,授权异常的实现类比较少,因为授权失败的可能原因比较少。

2.ExceptionTranslationFilter

ExceptionTranslationFilter 是 Spring Security 中专门负责处理异常的过滤器,默认情况下,这个过滤器已经被自动加载到过滤器链中。

有的小伙伴可能不清楚是怎么被加载的,我这里和大家稍微说一下。

当我们使用 Spring Security 的时候,如果需要自定义实现逻辑,都是继承自 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 进行扩展,WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 中本身就进行了一部分的初始化操作,我们来看下它里边 HttpSecurity 的初始化过程:

protected final HttpSecurity getHttp() throws Exception {    if (http != null) {        return http;    }    AuthenticationEventPublisher eventPublisher = getAuthenticationEventPublisher();    localConfigureAuthenticationBldr.authenticationEventPublisher(eventPublisher);    AuthenticationManager authenticationManager = authenticationManager();    authenticationBuilder.parentAuthenticationManager(authenticationManager);    Map<Class<?>, Object> sharedObjects = createSharedObjects();    http = new HttpSecurity(objectPostProcessor, authenticationBuilder,            sharedObjects);    if (!disableDefaults) {        http            .csrf().and()            .addFilter(new WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter())            .exceptionHandling().and()            .headers().and()            .sessionManagement().and()            .securityContext().and()            .requestCache().and()            .anonymous().and()            .servletApi().and()            .apply(new DefaultLoginPageConfigurer<>()).and()            .logout();        ClassLoader classLoader = this.context.getClassLoader();        List<AbstractHttpConfigurer> defaultHttpConfigurers =                SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactories(AbstractHttpConfigurer.class, classLoader);        for (AbstractHttpConfigurer configurer : defaultHttpConfigurers) {            http.apply(configurer);        }    }    configure(http);    return http;}

可以看到,在 getHttp 方法的最后,调用了 configure(http);,我们在使用 Spring Security 时,自定义配置类继承自 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 并重写的 configure(HttpSecurity http) 方法就是在这里调用的,换句话说,当我们去配置 HttpSecurity 时,其实它已经完成了一波初始化了。

在默认的 HttpSecurity 初始化的过程中,调用了 exceptionHandling 方法,这个方法会将 ExceptionHandlingConfigurer 配置进来,最终调用 ExceptionHandlingConfigurer#configure 方法将 ExceptionTranslationFilter 添加到 Spring Security 过滤器链中。

我们来看下 ExceptionHandlingConfigurer#configure 方法源码:

@Overridepublic void configure(H http) {    AuthenticationEntryPoint entryPoint = getAuthenticationEntryPoint(http);    ExceptionTranslationFilter exceptionTranslationFilter = new ExceptionTranslationFilter(            entryPoint, getRequestCache(http));    AccessDeniedHandler deniedHandler = getAccessDeniedHandler(http);    exceptionTranslationFilter.setAccessDeniedHandler(deniedHandler);    exceptionTranslationFilter = postProcess(exceptionTranslationFilter);    http.addFilter(exceptionTranslationFilter);}

可以看到,这里构造了两个对象传入到 ExceptionTranslationFilter 中:

  • AuthenticationEntryPoint 这个用来处理认证异常。
  • AccessDeniedHandler 这个用来处理授权异常。

具体的处理逻辑则在 ExceptionTranslationFilter 中,我们来看一下:

public class ExceptionTranslationFilter extends GenericFilterBean {    public ExceptionTranslationFilter(AuthenticationEntryPoint authenticationEntryPoint,            RequestCache requestCache) {        this.authenticationEntryPoint = authenticationEntryPoint;        this.requestCache = requestCache;    }    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)            throws IOException, ServletException {        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;        try {            chain.doFilter(request, response);        }        catch (IOException ex) {            throw ex;        }        catch (Exception ex) {            Throwable[] causeChain = throwableAnalyzer.determineCauseChain(ex);            RuntimeException ase = (AuthenticationException) throwableAnalyzer                    .getFirstThrowableOfType(AuthenticationException.class, causeChain);            if (ase == null) {                ase = (AccessDeniedException) throwableAnalyzer.getFirstThrowableOfType(                        AccessDeniedException.class, causeChain);            }            if (ase != null) {                if (response.isCommitted()) {                    throw new ServletException("Unable to handle the Spring Security Exception because the response is already committed.", ex);                }                handleSpringSecurityException(request, response, chain, ase);            }            else {                if (ex instanceof ServletException) {                    throw (ServletException) ex;                }                else if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {                    throw (RuntimeException) ex;                }                throw new RuntimeException(ex);            }        }    }    private void handleSpringSecurityException(HttpServletRequest request,            HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, RuntimeException exception)            throws IOException, ServletException {        if (exception instanceof AuthenticationException) {            sendStartAuthentication(request, response, chain,                    (AuthenticationException) exception);        }        else if (exception instanceof AccessDeniedException) {            Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();            if (authenticationTrustResolver.isAnonymous(authentication) || authenticationTrustResolver.isRememberMe(authentication)) {                sendStartAuthentication(                        request,                        response,                        chain,                        new InsufficientAuthenticationException(                            messages.getMessage(                                "ExceptionTranslationFilter.insufficientAuthentication",                                "Full authentication is required to access this resource")));            }            else {                accessDeniedHandler.handle(request, response,                        (AccessDeniedException) exception);            }        }    }    protected void sendStartAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,            HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain,            AuthenticationException reason) throws ServletException, IOException {        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(null);        requestCache.saveRequest(request, response);        logger.debug("Calling Authentication entry point.");        authenticationEntryPoint.commence(request, response, reason);    }}

ExceptionTranslationFilter 的源码比较长,我这里列出来核心的部分和大家分析:

  1. 过滤器最核心的当然是 doFilter 方法,我们就从 doFilter 方法看起。这里的 doFilter 方法中过滤器链继续向下执行,ExceptionTranslationFilter 处于 Spring Security 过滤器链的倒数第二个,最后一个是 FilterSecurityInterceptor,FilterSecurityInterceptor 专门处理授权问题,在处理授权问题时,就会发现用户未登录、未授权等,进而抛出异常,抛出的异常,最终会被 ExceptionTranslationFilter#doFilter 方法捕获。
  2. 当捕获到异常之后,接下来通过调用 throwableAnalyzer.getFirstThrowableOfType 方法来判断是认证异常还是授权异常,判断出异常类型之后,进入到 handleSpringSecurityException 方法进行处理;如果不是 Spring Security 中的异常类型,则走 ServletException 异常类型的处理逻辑。
  3. 进入到 handleSpringSecurityException 方法之后,还是根据异常类型判断,如果是认证相关的异常,就走 sendStartAuthentication 方法,最终被 authenticationEntryPoint.commence 方法处理;如果是授权相关的异常,就走 accessDeniedHandler.handle 方法进行处理。

AuthenticationEntryPoint 的默认实现类是 LoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint,因此默认的认证异常处理逻辑就是 LoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint#commence 方法,如下:

public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,        AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException {    String redirectUrl = null;    if (useForward) {        if (forceHttps && "http".equals(request.getScheme())) {            redirectUrl = buildHttpsRedirectUrlForRequest(request);        }        if (redirectUrl == null) {            String loginForm = determineUrlToUseForThisRequest(request, response,                    authException);            RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(loginForm);            dispatcher.forward(request, response);            return;        }    }    else {        redirectUrl = buildRedirectUrlToLoginPage(request, response, authException);    }    redirectStrategy.sendRedirect(request, response, redirectUrl);}

可以看到,就是重定向,重定向到登录页面(即当我们未登录就去访问一个需要登录才能访问的资源时,会自动重定向到登录页面)。

AccessDeniedHandler 的默认实现类则是 AccessDeniedHandlerImpl,所以授权异常默认是在 AccessDeniedHandlerImpl#handle 方法中处理的:

public void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,        AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException,        ServletException {    if (!response.isCommitted()) {        if (errorPage != null) {            request.setAttribute(WebAttributes.ACCESS_DENIED_403,                    accessDeniedException);            response.setStatus(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN.value());            RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(errorPage);            dispatcher.forward(request, response);        }        else {            response.sendError(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN.value(),                HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN.getReasonPhrase());        }    }}

可以看到,这里就是服务端跳转返回 403。

3.自定义处理

前面和大家介绍了 Spring Security 中默认的处理逻辑,实际开发中,我们可以需要做一些调整,很简单,在 exceptionHandling 上进行配置即可。

首先自定义认证异常处理类和授权异常处理类:

@Componentpublic class MyAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {    @Override    public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException {        response.getWriter().write("login failed:" + authException.getMessage());    }}@Componentpublic class MyAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {    @Override    public void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException, ServletException {        response.setStatus(403);        response.getWriter().write("Forbidden:" + accessDeniedException.getMessage());    }}

然后在 SecurityConfig 中进行配置,如下:

@Configurationpublic class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {    @Override    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {        http.authorizeRequests()                ...                ...                .and()                .exceptionHandling()                .authenticationEntryPoint(myAuthenticationEntryPoint)                .accessDeniedHandler(myAccessDeniedHandler)                .and()                ...                ...    }}

配置完成后,重启项目,认证异常和授权异常就会走我们自定义的逻辑了。

4.小结

好啦,今天主要和小伙伴们分享了 Spring Security 中的异常处理机制,感兴趣的小伙伴可以试一试哦~

文中代码下载地址:https://github.com/lenve/spring-security-samples

公众号【江南一点雨】后台回复 springsecurity,获取Spring Security系列 40+ 篇完整文章~